Marine benthic habitats in the eastern english channel : ecological issues in the context of aggregate extraction

Les variations naturelles de la communauté macrobenthique des sédiments grossiers ont été étudiées pendant une période de quatre ans dans le contexte d’une demande de concession pour l’extraction des granulats marins dans les gisements des paléovallées du bassin oriental de la Manche. Six campagnes ont été réalisées, deux fois par an (mi-avril et mi-août : pré- et post-recrutement) en 2007, 2009 et 2010. Le jeu de données ainsi obtenu à permis d’une part de montrer que cette communauté benthique présentait une remarquable constance au cours du temps et cela apporte d’autre part de nouveaux éléments de connaissance à la typologie des habitats benthiques des sédiments grossiers du large (EUNIS). Une étude complémentaire sur les caractéristiques fonctionnelles a ensuite permis de montrer que cette communauté benthique présentait de fortes capacités de résistance aux perturbations physiques du milieu, mais des capacités de résilience plus modérées. Ces informations sur la structure et le fonctionnement de la communauté benthique ont permis d’émettre des hypothèses sur les conséquences d’une extraction de granulats marins sur ce site. A partir de cette étude, une gestion adaptative de cette activité anthropique a été proposée par la mise en place d’un protocole de suivi biosédimentaire répondant aux enjeux écologiques associés aux dragages des sédiments marins. Les résultats ainsi obtenus seront, par ailleurs, un apport substantiel à la compréhension scientifique des effets des dragages si la concession était autorisée par les autorités françaises.The natural variation in the coarse sediment benthic community was investigated over a four-year period in the context of an aggregate extraction licence project in the eastern Channel paleovalleys deposits. Six surveys were conducted: twice a year (mid-April: pre- recruitment and the end of August: post-recruitment) in 2007, 2009 and 2010. The data set obtained shows on one hand that the coarse sediment of the benthic community of the eastern English Channel paleovalleys presents an outstanding constancy over time and on another hand, it brings out new pieces of knowledge on benthic habitats typology in offshore coarse sediments (EUNIS). A complementary study on functional features showed that this benthic community has a high resistance to physical disturbance, but lower resilience. This knowledge on benthic community structure and functioning allowed the making of assumptions on the consequences of marine aggregate extraction at this site. An adaptive management of this human activity has then been proposed by the implementation of a benthic monitoring responding to ecological issues associated with marine sediment dredging. Results obtained during this study will also be a substantial input to scientific understanding of dredging impacts should the licence be delivered by French authorities

La réunion de concertation pluridisciplinaire pour la mise en oeuvre d'interventions thérapeutiques antalgiques chez les patients atteints de douleurs osseuses cancéreuses (RCP ANALGOS)

Les douleurs cancéreuses sont une complication fréquente pour les patients ayant des métastases osseuses, avec un retentissement important sur la qualité de vie. Différents traitements ont prouvé leur efficacité, mais la séquence thérapeutique est parfois difficile à définir. Les réunions de concertation pluridisciplinaire (RCP) permettent de déterminer la meilleure stratégie thérapeutique pour le patient. Depuis 2010, une RCP douleurs osseuses (appelée RCP ANALGOS) a été instaurée à l Institut Gustave Roussy. Une étude rétrospective des dossiers présentés entre 2010 et 2011 a été réalisée. En 2010 et 2011, 216 dossiers de patients ont été présentés. Il a été proposé de manière directement applicable pour 52 patients une technique de radiologie interventionnelle, pour 38 une radiothérapie, pour 41 une chirurgie, pour 32 une consultation douleur, pour 23 un complément de bilan. La décision prise en RCP a été appliquée dans 184 cas.Un questionnaire de satisfaction a été adressé aux médecins de l institut. Sur les 48 personnes qui ont répondu au questionnaire, 40 médecins connaissent la RCP ANALGOS et 29 y ont recours. Pour les médecins ayant recours à la RCP, les décisions prises en RCP sont jugées toujours satisfaisante dans 48% des cas ou souvent satisfaisante dans 52% des cas. Une enquête de satisfaction a été effectuée auprès de 10 patients. 90% sont satisfaits de la prise en charge et 90% trouvent une amélioration de leur douleur après réalisation de la technique proposée en RCP.La RCP ANALGOS permet de définir une stratégie thérapeutique adaptée au patient et à sa pathologie directement applicable dans la majorité des cas.PARIS12-CRETEIL BU Médecine (940282101) / SudocSudocFranceF

A Multidisciplinary Approach for A Better Knowledge of the Benthic Habitat and Community Distribution in the Central and Western English Channel

International audienceAbout 80% of the seabed of the English Channel (EC) is covered by coarse sediment, from coarse sand to pebbles. Quantitative data on the benthic macrofauna in these types of sediment remains are rare due to the difficulty of using grab corers in such hard substrates. The deepest central part of the EC (45-101 m depth) was prospected during two VIDEOCHARM surveys in June 2010 and June 2011 to increase knowledge of such sublittoral coarse sediment benthic habitats. Sampling focussed on a longitudinal transect in the deepest part of the EC (13 boxes), extending from the western approach to the Greenwich meridian. Both indirect (side scan sonar, Remote Operated Vehicule) and direct (grab sampling with benthos determination, and grain-size analyses) approaches were used and combined, permitting description of the benthic habitats and communities using seven methods. Five benthic EUNIS habitats (European Nature Information System) were reported: MC3215, MD3211, MC4, MC3212 and MC4215, of which two extended main habitats (MC3211 and M23212) corresponded to an eastern/western gradient from sandy gravel to sandy gravel and pebbles sediment. Three other spatially discrete habitats were associated with poor coarse sand and gravel habitats as well as sandy gravel and pebbles with the presence of the brittle star Ophiothrix fragilis. Taxonomic richness of both extended habitats was on the same order of magnitude as the coarse sand habitat reported elsewhere in the EC, whilst the abundances were among the lowest in deeper areas with low nutrient input and low primary production. The epifauna appeared relatively homogenous in this type of sediment at the scale of the sampling area and was not determined to assign a EUNIS habitat/class. ROV footage illustrated the presence of large epifauna and provided valuable information to ground truth in other sampling methods such as side scan sonar mosaic. Grab photos showing surface sediment was relevant to determine the sediment type, whilst granulometric analyses gave additional information on fine particles content (typically very low)

Recent innovation in microbial source tracking using bacterial real-time PCR markers in shellfish

We assessed the capacity of real-time PCR markers to identify the origin of contamination in shellfish. Oyster, cockles or clams were either contaminated with fecal materials and host-associated markers designed from Bacteroidales or Catellicoccus marimammalium 16S RNA genes were extracted from their intravalvular liquid, digestive tissues or shellfish flesh. Extraction of bacterial DNA from the oyster intravalvular liquid with FastDNA spin kit for soil enabled the selected markers to be quantified in 100% of artificially contaminated samples, and the source of contamination to be identified in 13 out of 38 naturally contaminated batches from European Class B and Class C areas. However, this protocol did not enable the origin of the contamination to be identified in cockle or clam samples. Although results are promising for extracts from intravalvular liquid in oyster, it is unlikely that a single protocol could be the best across all bacterial markers and types of shellfish. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Spatial and temporal structure of life cycle of Loligo forbesii and Loligo vulgaris in ecoregions of Celtic Seas and Greater North Sea

Cephalopod International Advisory Council Conference, Cephalopods in the Anthropocene: Multiple Challenges in a Changing Ocean, April 2-8, 2022, Sesimbra, PortugalThe Loligo vulgaris and L. forbesii co-occur in ecoregions of Celtic Seas and Greater North Sea and spatiotemporal structure of their ranges is poorly understood. To clarify interactions between two species we used a) biological data from German, Irish and UK research surveys (2016-2019); b) observation of Loligo egg masses by Scuba divers from Denmark, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway and UK (2018-2021); c) sampling of commercial landings in France and UK (1991-2017). Spawning of L. vulgaris mostly takes place in the English Channel between December and March shifting in April-September along European shores up to Netherlands and Germany. Juveniles were recorded in the Channel area in June - October and the foraging range of larger squids (up to maturity) extends up to the southern Irish sea and North Sea. L. forbesii reproduces close to the shores of Ireland, Scotland and Norway in December – February, up to April. In in May-July spawning grounds extend into the Channel where mature females are recorded in landings and unidentified egg masses are abundant, whereas no mature L.vulgaris were found there. Juveniles forage in the entire North Sea in January – August and are found in November – December off Ireland and west of Scotland. Unidentified paralarvae of Loligo spp. are abundant from west English Channel to north of Scotland in December – March and in North Sea in January - August. Spawning grounds of both species are segregated due to different migratory patterns within the same range off Northwest European shoresN

Identification of benthic egg masses and spawning grounds in commercial squid in the English Channel and Celtic Sea: Loligo vulgaris vs L. forbesii

International audienc

Identification of benthic egg masses and spawning grounds in commercial squid in the English Channel and Celtic Sea: Loligo vulgaris vs L. forbesii.

Common squid, Loligo vulgaris and veined squid, Loligo forbesi have nearly coinciding distribution in the northeast Atlantic, a similar reproductive seasonality, and largely overlapping depth ranges of spawning grounds. There are no unambiguous criteria to distinguish between egg masses of both species. This pioneer study was focused on Celtic Sea and western part of the English Channel and combined both research survey data and observations by recreational divers ("citizen science"). L,vulgaris was found to reproduce there in late winter – spring; distribution of egg masses coincided with bottom temperature range of 8.5-10°C and bottom salinities of 35-35.5 psu. No L.forbesii egg masses was found across the studied area though they are known from literature from deeper areas further west. Based on the original materials and literature data we provide a guideline to distinguish between egg masses of both squids based on egg size and embryonic stage as a tool to map species specific spawning grounds for improvement of understanding of population structure, migrations and development of fisheries management measures

Spatial and temporal variability of spawning and nursery grounds of Loligo forbesii and Loligo vulgaris squids in ecoregions of Celtic Seas and Greater North Sea

International audienceThe inshore commercial squids, Loligo vulgaris and L. forbesii, co-occur in the ecoregions of Celtic Seas and Greater North Sea but the spatio-temporal structure of their spawning ranges is poorly understood. To help solve the problem, data sets collected during the last 30 years by British, German, French, and Irish scientists, as well as observations from multinational Citizen Science, were combined. Spawning grounds of L. forbesii were found to form an external semi-circle around the spawning grounds of L. vulgaris, with the latter being centred on the English Channel and southernmost North Sea. The nursery grounds of both species appear to coincide with the respective spawning grounds, though L. forbesii makes much wider use of the North Sea. Seasonally, the position of the spawning grounds of both species is driven by the local temperature regime, although this is possibly subject to interannual variability. Spawning of both species begins around November and gradually progresses eastward following favourable currents and increasing water temperatures. Spawning in both species is mostly over by July, though some egg masses persist until August–November. Nursery grounds follow the same seasonal shift from west to east, at least in L. forbesii

Synthesis and biological evaluation of bolaamphiphilic sophorolipids

New synthetic pathways are proposed for the synthesis of a new set of bolaamphiphilic derivatives starting from microbiologically produced sophorolipids. A total set of 43 new derivatives was synthesized via reductive amination of a previously synthesized sophorolipid aldehyde with diamines and primary amines. The new derivatives were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were determined for the active compounds. Transfection efficiencies were also evaluated for some of the deprotected derivatives via the assessment of their capacity to transfect three different eukaryotic cell lines in vitro. Finally, the self-assembly properties were evaluated for the deprotected derivatives. Antimicrobial activities were mostly observed for the peracetylated mono- or dicationic bolaamphiphiles, and only the deprotected monocationic bolaamphiphile with an octadecyl chain on the nitrogen atom was eligible for the evaluation of its transfection properties. Evaluation of the self-assembly properties indicated that the presence of an octadecyl chain was necessary for micelle formation. Both micelle formation and the net charge of the compounds seem to have an influence on the antimicrobial activity and transfection efficiency. These results are promising for use of bolaamphiphilic sophorolipids in medical and self-assembly applications