The Late Antique basilica of San Martín de Dulantzi (Alegria-Dulantzi, Álava)

En los últimos años una serie de actuaciones arqueológicas en la villa alavesa de Alegría-Dulantzi han sacado a la luz un gran edificio de culto de planta basilical y de importantes dimensiones, en cuyo interior se inhumó un buen número de enterramientos vestidos, algunos de clara filiación norpirenaica. En este trabajo se amplía la información sobre esta edificación haciendo hincapié en su organización litúrgica, en su cementerio asociado, en su programa arquitectónico y en su cronología y evolución histórica.During the last few years, a number of archaeological surveys have been carried out in Alegria-Dulantzi, an ancient town in the province of Álava, Spain. During these surveys, a large place of worship following the lines of a basilica emerged, and within the building a number of burials with the remains of clothing with clear North Pyrenean characteristics. In this paper, additional information about this building is set out, emphasizing its liturgical layout, its associated burials, its architecture, and its chronology and historical evolution

Iglesias, rentas y sistemas de almacenamiento en el País Vasco durante los siglos X y XI d. C.: el testimonio arqueológico de San Martín de Dulantzi (Alegría-Dulantzi, Álava)

This paper will look at the thirty plus open storage pits located at the high middle age basilica of Dulantzi (Alegría-Dulantzi, Álava) dating back to the tenth and eleventh centuries. In the first instance we propose to present this little-known site to the scientific community. To do so, different archaeological data gathered during the excavation will be presented involving both the containers (capacity, morphology, location, etc.) as the contents (types of fillings and material found in them). The second aim of this paper is to contribute towards the historical debate about the presence of storage pits in high middle age churches. To do so, our contribution will follow three different axis. First, the reasons that explain the high number of opened storage pits in Dulantzi. Secondly, its possible connections to the collecthe first instance we propose to present this little-known site tion and storage of ecclesiastical rents. The final question to be looked relates to whether Dulantzi was an exception or on the contrary, is an explanatory model from which we can extrapolate concerning other high middle age sites in the surrounding area.En el presente artículo se analizan los más de 30 silos abiertos durante los siglos X y XI en el interior de la basílica altomedieval de Dulantzi (Alegría-Dulantzi, Álava). El texto pretende alcanzar un doble objetivo. Por un lado, presentar a la comunidad científica este importante conjunto de silos del que hasta el momento sólo se había dado noticia escuetamente. Para ello, se aportarán todos los datos arqueológicos que ha proporcionado el estudio, tanto de los continentes (capacidad, morfología, situación, etc.), como de los contenidos (tipos de rellenos y material localizado en ellos). Por otro, continuar con el debate historiográfico sobre la presencia de silos en iglesias altomedievales. En este sentido, estructuraremos nuestras reflexiones en torno a tres ejes: las razones que explican el elevado número de silos abiertos en Dulantzi; su posible relación con la captación y almacenamiento de rentas eclesiásticas; y, finalmente, su excepcionalidad: ¿fue Dulantzi un caso singular o, por el contrario, su modelo explicativo puede ser extrapolado a otros yacimientos altomedievales del entorno

8-Amide and 8-carbamate substitution patterns as modulators of 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin's antidepressant profile: Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies

Psychiatric and neurological disorders affect millions of people worldwide. Currently available treatments may help to improve symptoms, but they cannot cure the diseases. Therefore, there is an urgent need for potent and safe therapeutic solutions. 8-Amide and 8-carbamatecoumarins were synthetized and evaluated as human monoamine oxidase A and B (hMAO-A and hMAO-B) inhibitors. Comparison between both scaffolds has been established, and we hypothesized that the introduction of different substituents can modulate hMAO activity and selectivity. N-(7-Hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin-8-yl)-4-methylbenzamide (9) and ethyl N-(7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin-8-yl)carbamate (20) proved to be the most active and selective hMAO-A inhibitors (IC = 15.0 nM and IC = 22.0 nM, respectively), being compound 9 an irreversible hMAO-A inhibitor twenty-four times more active in vitro than moclobemide, a drug used in the treatment of depression and anxiety. Based on PAMPA assay results, both compounds proved to be good candidates to cross the blood-brain barrier. In addition, these compounds showed non-significant cytotoxicity on neuronal viability assays. Also, the best compound proved to have a t of 6.84 min, an intrinsic clearance of 195.63 μL min mg protein, and to be chemically stable at pH 3.0, 7.4 and 10.0. Docking studies were performed to better understand the binding affinities and selectivity profiles for both hMAO isoforms. Finally, theoretical drug-like properties calculations corroborate the potential of both scaffolds on the search for new therapeutic solutions for psychiatric disorders as depression.This research was funded by Consellería de Cultura, Educacion ´ e Ordenacion ´ Universitaria (EM2014/016), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion ´ (PID2020-116076RJ-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and Fundaçao ˜ para a Ciˆencia e Tecnologia (PTDC/ASP-PES/28397/ 2017, CEECIND/02423/2018, UIDB/00081/2020, LA/P/0056/2020 and EXPL/BIA-BQM/0492/2021). Financial support from the Xunta de Galicia (Centro de investigacion ´ de Galicia accreditation 2019–2022) and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund - ERDF), is also gratefully acknowledged. M.I.R.-F. acknowledges the economic support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities; Spanish Research Agency; and European Regional Development Funds (grant PID2021-122650OB-I00) and from CSIC (PIE202080E118)

8-Amide and 8-carbamate substitution patterns as modulators of 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin's antidepressant profile: Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies

Psychiatric and neurological disorders affect millions of people worldwide. Currently available treatments may help to improve symptoms, but they cannot cure the diseases. Therefore, there is an urgent need for potent and safe therapeutic solutions. 8-Amide and 8-carbamatecoumarins were synthetized and evaluated as human monoamine oxidase A and B (hMAO-A and hMAO-B) inhibitors. Comparison between both scaffolds has been established, and we hypothesized that the introduction of different substituents can modulate hMAO activity and selectivity. N-(7-Hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin-8-yl)-4-methylbenzamide (9) and ethyl N-(7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin-8-yl)carbamate (20) proved to be the most active and selective hMAO-A inhibitors (IC50 = 15.0 nM and IC50 = 22.0 nM, respectively), being compound 9 an irreversible hMAO-A inhibitor twenty-four times more active in vitro than moclobemide, a drug used in the treatment of depression and anxiety. Based on PAMPA assay results, both compounds proved to be good candidates to cross the blood-brain barrier. In addition, these compounds showed non-significant cytotoxicity on neuronal viability assays. Also, the best compound proved to have a t1/2 of 6.84 min, an intrinsic clearance of 195.63 μL min−1 mg−1 protein, and to be chemically stable at pH 3.0, 7.4 and 10.0. Docking studies were performed to better understand the binding affinities and selectivity profiles for both hMAO isoforms. Finally, theoretical drug-like properties calculations corroborate the potential of both scaffolds on the search for new therapeutic solutions for psychiatric disorders as depressionThis research was funded by Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria (EM2014/016), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2020-116076RJ-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (PTDC/ASP-PES/28397/2017, CEECIND/02423/2018, UIDB/00081/2020, LA/P/0056/2020 and EXPL/BIA-BQM/0492/2021). Financial support from the Xunta de Galicia (Centro de investigación de Galicia accreditation 2019–2022) and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund - ERDF), is also gratefully acknowledged. M.I.R.-F. acknowledges the economic support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities; Spanish Research Agency; and European Regional Development Funds (grant PID2021-122650OB-I00) and from CSIC (PIE-202080E118)S

Identidades y ajuares en las necrópolis altomedievales. Estudios isotópicos del cementerio de San Martín de Dulantzi, Álava (siglos VI-X)

This paper presents the results of the isotopic studies made on the anthropological remains recovered in the archaeological excavation of the early medieval site of San Martín of Dulantzi (Alegría–Dulantzi, Álava), carried out by the archaeological company Iterbide. The discovery of a series of tombs dating in the 6th and 7th centuries inside a church, some of them containing grave goods, has enabled the analysis, in critical terms, of the status, the eating patterns and the mobility of these individuals through the analysis of the isotopes and the funerary rites. Specifically, it has been possible to observe that it is a local society, with a scarce impact of immigrants, and the personal ornaments constitute a social status marker inside a community with homogeneous lifestyle. Likewise, these results are discussed in the context of other studies conducted at several European sites of the same chronology.En este artículo se presentan los resultados de los estudios isotópicos realizados sobre los restos antropológicos recuperados en la intervención arqueológica de carácter preventivo realizada en el yacimiento altomedieval de San Martín de Dulantzi (Alegría- Dulantzi, Álava) por parte de la empresa Iterbide. El hallazgo de una serie de tumbas fechadas en los siglos VI y VII en el interior de una iglesia, algunas de las cuales dotadas de objetos de adorno personal, ha permitido analizar en términos críticos el estatus, los patrones alimentarios y la movilidad de estos individuos a partir del análisis de los isotopos y de los rituales funerarios. Más concretamente se ha podido observar que se trata de una sociedad local, con una escasa incidencia de inmigrantes, y que los objetos de adorno personal constituyen un marcador de estatus social en el seno de una comunidad que presenta niveles de vida homogéneos. Asimismo se discuten estos resultados en relación con otras fases de ocupación del yacimiento y en el contexto de otros estudios realizados en varios yacimientos europeos coetáneos

Comprehensive description of clinical characteristics of a large systemic Lupus Erythematosus Cohort from the Spanish Rheumatology Society Lupus Registry (RELESSER) with emphasis on complete versus incomplete lupus differences

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multiple organ involvement and pronounced racial and ethnic heterogeneity. The aims of the present work were (1) to describe the cumulative clinical characteristics of those patients included in the Spanish Rheumatology Society SLE Registry (RELESSER), focusing on the differences between patients who fulfilled the 1997 ACR-SLE criteria versus those with less than 4 criteria (hereafter designated as incomplete SLE (iSLE)) and (2) to compare SLE patient characteristics with those documented in other multicentric SLE registries. RELESSER is a multicenter hospital-based registry, with a collection of data from a large, representative sample of adult patients with SLE (1997 ACR criteria) seen at Spanish rheumatology departments. The registry includes demographic data, comprehensive descriptions of clinical manifestations, as well as information about disease activity and severity, cumulative damage, comorbidities, treatments and mortality, using variables with highly standardized definitions. A total of 4.024 SLE patients (91% with ≥4 ACR criteria) were included. Ninety percent were women with a mean age at diagnosis of 35.4 years and a median duration of disease of 11.0 years. As expected, most SLE manifestations were more frequent in SLE patients than in iSLE ones and every one of the ACR criteria was also associated with SLE condition; this was particularly true of malar rash, oral ulcers and renal disorder. The analysis-adjusted by gender, age at diagnosis, and disease duration-revealed that higher disease activity, damage and SLE severity index are associated with SLE [OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.08-1.20 (P < 0.001); 1.29; 95% CI: 1.15-1.44 (P < 0.001); and 2.10; 95% CI: 1.83-2.42 (P < 0.001), respectively]. These results support the hypothesis that iSLE behaves as a relative stable and mild disease. SLE patients from the RELESSER register do not appear to differ substantially from other Caucasian populations and although activity [median SELENA-SLEDA: 2 (IQ: 0-4)], damage [median SLICC/ACR/DI: 1 (IQ: 0-2)], and severity [median KATZ index: 2 (IQ: 1-3)] scores were low, 1 of every 4 deaths was due to SLE activity. RELESSER represents the largest European SLE registry established to date, providing comprehensive, reliable and updated information on SLE in the southern European population

Salvatierra-Aguraineko populaketa Erdi Aroko harresiko eraikuntza aurretik eta ondoren. Esku-hartze arkeologikoa Salvatierra-Aguraineko Zapatari kaleko 35 zenbakian (Araba) (liburutegi zaharreko orubea)

[ES] La construcción de una nueva biblioteca dentro del Casco Histórico de Salvatierra obligó a una intervención arqueológica previa. Unas estructuras excavadas anteriores a la construcción de la muralla que se colmatan en el momento de construcción de ésta, segunda mitad del XIII, son los restos arqueológicos más interesantes, así como el gran tramo cercano a los 17 m de muralla original descubierto. Asimismo, se han exhumado los restos de las primeras viviendas construidas una vez edificada la muralla con el paso de ronda correspondiente entre la muralla y las traseras de estos inmuebles. En el presente artículo se realizará una interpretación histórica del solar con la descripción de las distintas fases históricas diferenciadas que abarcan desde el siglo XIII hasta la actualidad, incluyendo el estudio arqueológico del alzado del tramo de la muralla medieval aparecido (17 m de longitud) y el estudio de los materiales arqueológicos, fundamentalmente cerámicos de cada fase. Todo irá complementado con las planimetrías, matrix y láminas de materiales correspondientes.[EN] The construction of a new library inside the Historic Neighbourhood of Salvatierra forced a previous archaeological intervention. The most interesting remains are some sunken structures prior to the erection of the wall, filled up at the moment of its construction, at the second half of 13th century. So it is the long stretch of approximately 17 m of the original wall exposed. There were also exhumed the remains of the first dwellings built from the construction of the wall, over the corresponding round way between the wall and the rear of these properties. In this paper a historical interpretation of the site with the description of the distinct historic phases ranging from the 13th century to the present will be carried out, including the archaeological study of the elevation of the section of medieval wall identified (17 m. length) and the study of the archaeological materials, mainly ceramics of each phase. All this will be completed by the corresponding plans, matrix and material plateaux.[EUS] Salvatierra-Aguraineko Hirigune Historiko barnean liburutegi berriko eraikuntzak aldez aurreko esku-hartze arkeologikoa behartu zuen. Hondar arkeologiko interesgarrienak XIII. mendeko bigarren erdialdean eraikitako harresia baino lehen zeuden egitura batzuk eta jatorrizko harresiaren aurkitutako 17 metro inguruko tartea dira. Halaber, harresia eraiki ondoren egin ziren lehen etxebizitzen hondarrak induskatu dira, erronda igarobidea harresia eta egitura hauen atzeko aldearen artean kokatuta zegoelarik. Artikulu honetan, orubearen interpretazio historikoa eta XIII. mendetik gaur egun arteko fase historikoen deskribapena egingo da. Era berean, aurkitutako Erdi Aroko harresiaren tartearen (17 m luzera) altxaeraren ikerketa arkeologikoa eta fase bakoitzaren material arkeologikoen ikerketa, batez ere, zeramikoak, egingo dira. Guzti hau, planimetria, matrix eta dagozkien material irudiekin osatuko da

Salvatierra-Aguraineko populaketa Erdi Aroko harresiko eraikuntza aurretik eta ondoren. Esku-hartze arkeologikoa Salvatierra-Aguraineko Zapatari kaleko 35 zenbakian (Araba) (liburutegi zaharreko orubea)

[ES] La construcción de una nueva biblioteca dentro del Casco Histórico de Salvatierra obligó a una intervención arqueológica previa. Unas estructuras excavadas anteriores a la construcción de la muralla que se colmatan en el momento de construcción de ésta, segunda mitad del XIII, son los restos arqueológicos más interesantes, así como el gran tramo cercano a los 17 m de muralla original descubierto. Asimismo, se han exhumado los restos de las primeras viviendas construidas una vez edificada la muralla con el paso de ronda correspondiente entre la muralla y las traseras de estos inmuebles. En el presente artículo se realizará una interpretación histórica del solar con la descripción de las distintas fases históricas diferenciadas que abarcan desde el siglo XIII hasta la actualidad, incluyendo el estudio arqueológico del alzado del tramo de la muralla medieval aparecido (17 m de longitud) y el estudio de los materiales arqueológicos, fundamentalmente cerámicos de cada fase. Todo irá complementado con las planimetrías, matrix y láminas de materiales correspondientes.[EN] The construction of a new library inside the Historic Neighbourhood of Salvatierra forced a previous archaeological intervention. The most interesting remains are some sunken structures prior to the erection of the wall, filled up at the moment of its construction, at the second half of 13th century. So it is the long stretch of approximately 17 m of the original wall exposed. There were also exhumed the remains of the first dwellings built from the construction of the wall, over the corresponding round way between the wall and the rear of these properties. In this paper a historical interpretation of the site with the description of the distinct historic phases ranging from the 13th century to the present will be carried out, including the archaeological study of the elevation of the section of medieval wall identified (17 m. length) and the study of the archaeological materials, mainly ceramics of each phase. All this will be completed by the corresponding plans, matrix and material plateaux.[EUS] Salvatierra-Aguraineko Hirigune Historiko barnean liburutegi berriko eraikuntzak aldez aurreko esku-hartze arkeologikoa behartu zuen. Hondar arkeologiko interesgarrienak XIII. mendeko bigarren erdialdean eraikitako harresia baino lehen zeuden egitura batzuk eta jatorrizko harresiaren aurkitutako 17 metro inguruko tartea dira. Halaber, harresia eraiki ondoren egin ziren lehen etxebizitzen hondarrak induskatu dira, erronda igarobidea harresia eta egitura hauen atzeko aldearen artean kokatuta zegoelarik. Artikulu honetan, orubearen interpretazio historikoa eta XIII. mendetik gaur egun arteko fase historikoen deskribapena egingo da. Era berean, aurkitutako Erdi Aroko harresiaren tartearen (17 m luzera) altxaeraren ikerketa arkeologikoa eta fase bakoitzaren material arkeologikoen ikerketa, batez ere, zeramikoak, egingo dira. Guzti hau, planimetria, matrix eta dagozkien material irudiekin osatuko da

El palacio de los Velasco en Galarreta (San Millán, Álava): antecedentes, origen y arquitectura desde una perspectiva arqueológica y documental

In 2011 an archaeological study was carried out on the plot housing some architectural remains of the old Velasco Palace in Galarreta (San Millán, Álava), traditionally located over the old Torre de Arriba de los Ocáriz (Ocáriz Upper Tower). This article contains a review, from an archaeological and documentary perspective, of the evolution of the plot with its previous history (Lower Middle Age forge), origin and architectural recreation of the palace built by the Velasco family at the beginning of the 17th century.2011. urtean, Galarretan (Donemiliaga, Araba) Velascotarren jauregi zaharraren hainbat arrasto arkitektoniko biltzen zituen lurzatiaren azterketa arkeologikoa egin zen, tradizionalki Ocariztarren Goiko Dorrearen gainean kokatuta zegoena. Artikulu honetan lurzatiaren bilakaeraren errepasoa egiten da, ikuspegi arkeologiko eta dokumentalarekin, Velasco familiak XVII. mendearen hasieraneraikitako jauregiaren aurrekariak (behe Erdi Aroko sutegia), jatorria etabirsorkuntza arkitektonikoa barnean hartuz.En el año 2011 se realizó el estudio arqueológico de la parcela que albergaba algunos restos arquitectónicos del antiguo palacio de los Velasco en Galarreta (San Millán, Álava), tradicionalmente situado sobre la antigua Torre de Arriba de los Ocariz. En el presente artículo se realiza un repaso, desde una perspectiva arqueológica y documental, a la evolución de la parcela con los antecedentes (fragua bajomedieval), origen y recreación arquitectónica del palacio construido por la familia Velasco a comienzos del siglo XVII