1,660 research outputs found
Intra-articular injection of vitamin A: a rabbit model to study osteoarthrosis
An experimental model of osteoarthrosis (OA) induced by injection of vitamin A in knees of rabbits is presented. This model represents a modification and improvement of a preexisting one (Boni et al., 1977; Benazzo et al., 1982) based on a higher number of vitamin A injections. In our model, two vitamin A injections were sufficient to induce OA without exposure of the subchondral bone. The advantages of this model are: 1) the maintaining of articular cartilage could make the experimental joints suitable to test the reparative efficiency of candidate intra-articular pharmacological treatments, 2) animal stress and the risk of infections are strongly reduced in compliance with European legislation on laboratory animal welfare.
Isolated aortic root dilation in homocystinuria
BACKGROUND: Vascular complications in homocystinuria have been known for many years, but there have been no reports to date on involvement of the ascending aorta. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients with homocystinuria, known to a single metabolic centre, and evaluated in 2016 with a transthoracic echocardiogram. Aortic root dilation was defined as Z-score â„ 2.0 SD, and graded mild (Z-score 2.0-3.0), moderate (Z-score 3.01-4.0) and severe (Z-score > 4.0). RESULTS: The study population included 34 patients, median age of 44.3 years (IQR 33.3-52.2), 50% males, 69% diagnosed aged <18 years and 29% pyridoxine-responsive. Eight (24%) had a history of hypertension. Seven patients (21%) were found to have a dilation of the aortic root, mild in two cases (6%), moderate in four (12%) and severe in one (3%). None had dilation of the ascending aorta. Significant aortic regurgitation, secondary to moderate aortic root dilation, was documented in two patients. A single patient had significant mitral regurgitation due to prolapse of both valve leaflets, as well as mild aortic root dilation. Comparing patients with a dilation of the aortic root to those without, there were no significant clinical, laboratory or echocardiographic differences, with the only exception being that the diameter of the ascending aorta was larger in the group with a dilated aortic root, albeit within normal limits. CONCLUSIONS: A subset of patients with homocystinuria have isolated dilation of the aortic root similar to that observed in Marfan syndrome
Cuts and flows of cell complexes
We study the vector spaces and integer lattices of cuts and flows associated
with an arbitrary finite CW complex, and their relationships to group
invariants including the critical group of a complex. Our results extend to
higher dimension the theory of cuts and flows in graphs, most notably the work
of Bacher, de la Harpe and Nagnibeda. We construct explicit bases for the cut
and flow spaces, interpret their coefficients topologically, and give
sufficient conditions for them to be integral bases of the cut and flow
lattices. Second, we determine the precise relationships between the
discriminant groups of the cut and flow lattices and the higher critical and
cocritical groups with error terms corresponding to torsion (co)homology. As an
application, we generalize a result of Kotani and Sunada to give bounds for the
complexity, girth, and connectivity of a complex in terms of Hermite's
constant.Comment: 30 pages. Final version, to appear in Journal of Algebraic
Combinatoric
Energy Analysis of Bare Electrodynamic Tethers
The design of an electrodynamic tether is a complex task that involves the control of dynamic instabilities, optimization of the generated power (or the descent time in deorbiting missions), and minimization of the tether mass. The electrodynamic forces on an electrodynamic tether are responsible for variations in the mechanical energy of the tethered system and can also drive the system to dynamic instability. Energy sources and sinks in this system include the following: 1) ionospheric impedance, 2) the potential drop at the cathodic contactor, 3) ohmic losses in the tether, 4) the corotational plasma electric field, and 5) generated power and/or 6) input power. The analysis of each of these energy components, or bricks, establishes parameters that are useful tools for tether design. In this study, the nondimensional parameters that govern the orbital energy variation, dynamic instability, and power generation were characterized, and their mutual interdependence was established. A space-debris mitigation mission was taken as an example of this approach for the assessment of tether performance. Numerical simulations using a dumbbell model for tether dynamics, the International Geomagnetic Reference Field for the geomagnetic field, and the International Reference Ionosphere for the ionosphere were performed to test the analytical approach. The results obtained herein stress the close relationships that exist among the velocity of descent, dynamic stability, and generated power. An optimal tether design requires a detailed tradeoff among these performances in a real-world scenario
High Electron Mobility in AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures Grown on Bulk GaN Substrates
Dislocation-free high-quality AlGaN/GaN heterostructures have been grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on semi-insulating bulk GaN substrates. Hall measurements performed in the 300 Kâ50 mK range show a low-temperature electron mobility exceeding 60â000 cm2/Vâs for an electron sheet density of 2.4Ă1012âcmâ2. Magnetotransport experiments performed up to 15 T exhibit well-defined quantum Hall-effect features. The structures corresponding to the cyclotron and spin splitting were clearly resolved. From an analysis of the Shubnikov de Hass oscillations and the low-temperature mobility we found the quantum and transport scattering times to be 0.4 and 8.2 ps, respectively. The high ratio of the scattering to quantum relaxation time indicates that the main scattering mechanisms, at low temperatures, are due to long-range potentials, such as Coulomb potentials of ionized impurities
Chip-Firing and Rotor-Routing on Directed Graphs
We give a rigorous and self-contained survey of the abelian sandpile model
and rotor-router model on finite directed graphs, highlighting the connections
between them. We present several intriguing open problems.Comment: 34 pages, 11 figures. v2 has additional references, v3 corrects
figure 9, v4 corrects several typo
Resistive g-modes in a reversed field pinch plasma
First direct experimental evidence of high frequency, high toroidal mode
number (n>20), magnetic fluctuations due to unstable resistive interchange
modes (g-modes) resonant in the edge region of a reversed field pinch (RFP)
plasma is presented. Experimental characterization of time and space
periodicities of the modes is provided by means of highly resolved in-vessel
edge and insertable magnetic diagnostics. It is found that the spectral mode
properties are in good agreement with the predictions of the theoretical linear
resistive magnetohydrodynamic stability analysis. A simple model is proposed
for the observed saturation levels of the modes.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review Letter
The plasma boundary in Single Helical Axis RFP plasmas
Single Helical Axis (SHAx) states obtained in high current reversed field
pinch (RFP) plasmas display, aside from a dominant mode in the m=1 spectrum,
also a dominant m=0 mode, with the same toroidal mode number as the m=1 one.
The two modes have a fixed phase relationship. The island chain created by the
m=0 mode across the reversal surface gives rise, at shallow reversal of the
toroidal field, to an X-point structure which separates the last closed flux
surface from the first wall, creating a divertor-like configuration. The
plasma-wall interaction is found to be related to the connection length of the
field lines intercepting the wall, which displays a pattern modulated by the
dominant mode toroidal periodicity. This configuration, which occurs only for
shallow toroidal field reversal, could be exploited to realize an island
divertor in analogy to stellarators.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures Submitted to Nuclear Fusio
The variable finesse locking technique
Virgo is a power recycled Michelson interferometer, with 3 km long Fabry-Perot cavities in the arms. The locking of the interferometer has been obtained with an original lock acquisition technique. The main idea is to lock the instrument away from its working point. Lock is obtained by misaligning the power recycling mirror and detuning the Michelson from the dark fringe. In this way, a good fraction of light escapes through the antisymmetric port and the power build-up inside the recycling cavity is extremely low. The benefit is that all the degrees of freedom are controlled when they are almost decoupled, and the linewidth of the recycling cavity is large. The interferometer is then adiabatically brought on to the dark fringe. This technique is referred to as variable finesse, since the recycling cavity is considered as a variable finesse Fabry-Perot. This technique has been widely tested and allows us to reach the dark fringe in few minutes, in an essentially deterministic way
Virgo calibration and reconstruction of the gravitational wave strain during VSR1
Virgo is a kilometer-length interferometer for gravitational waves detection
located near Pisa. Its first science run, VSR1, occured from May to October
2007. The aims of the calibration are to measure the detector sensitivity and
to reconstruct the time series of the gravitational wave strain h(t). The
absolute length calibration is based on an original non-linear reconstruction
of the differential arm length variations in free swinging Michelson
configurations. It uses the laser wavelength as length standard. This method is
used to calibrate the frequency dependent response of the Virgo mirror
actuators and derive the detector in-loop response and sensitivity within ~5%.
The principle of the strain reconstruction is highlighted and the h(t)
systematic errors are estimated. A photon calibrator is used to check the sign
of h(t). The reconstructed h(t) during VSR1 is valid from 10 Hz up to 10 kHz
with systematic errors estimated to 6% in amplitude. The phase error is
estimated to be 70 mrad below 1.9 kHz and 6 micro-seconds above.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, proceedings of Amaldi 8 conference, to be
published in Journal of Physics Conference Series (JPCS). Second release:
correct typo
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