L'imputato e il suo processo: il diritto a partecipare personalmente al proprio giudizio alla luce dei più recenti sviluppi giurisprudenziali e normativi

Nella presente tesi viene illustrato il tema della partecipazione dell'imputato al proprio processo, recentemente modificato dal Legislatore al fine di rendere i giudizi italiani sempre più conformi alle prescrizioni delle Carte internazionali, in particolare con riferimento alle disposizioni del giusto processo

Time of Flight Image Segmentation through Co-Regularized Spectral Clustering

Time of Flight (TOF) cameras generate two simultaneous images, one for intensity and one for range. This allows tackling segmentation problems where the information pertaining to intensity or range alone is not enough to extract objects of interest from a 3D scene. In this paper, we present a spectral segmentation method that combines information from both images. By modifying the affinity matrix of each of the images based on the other, the segmentation of objects in the scene is improved. The proposed method exploits two mechanisms, one for reducing the computational demand when calculating the eigenvectors for each matrix, and another for improving segmentation performance. The experimental results obtained with two sets of real images are presented and used to assess the proposed method.Publicado en Feierherd, Guillermo; Pesado, Patricia; Spositto, Osvaldo (eds.). Computer Science & Technology Series. XX Argentine Congress of Computer Science. Selected papers. La Plata, Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 2015.Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Time of Flight Image Segmentation through Co-Regularized Spectral Clustering

Time of Flight (TOF) cameras generate two simultaneous images, one for intensity and one for range. This allows tackling segmentation problems where the information pertaining to intensity or range alone is not enough to extract objects of interest from a 3D scene. In this paper, we present a spectral segmentation method that combines information from both images. By modifying the affinity matrix of each of the images based on the other, the segmentation of objects in the scene is improved. The proposed method exploits two mechanisms, one for reducing the computational demand when calculating the eigenvectors for each matrix, and another for improving segmentation performance. The experimental results obtained with two sets of real images are presented and used to assess the proposed method.Publicado en Feierherd, Guillermo; Pesado, Patricia; Spositto, Osvaldo (eds.). Computer Science & Technology Series. XX Argentine Congress of Computer Science. Selected papers. La Plata, Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 2015.Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

The Legacy of the Great Recession in Italy : A Wider Geographical, Gender, and Generational Gap in Working Life Expectancy

Under the pressure of population aging the Italian pension system has undergone reforms to increase labor force participation and retirement age, and, thus, the length of working life. However, how the duration of working life has developed in recent years is not well understood. This paper is the first to analyze trends in working life expectancy in Italy. We use data from a nationally representative longitudinal sample of 880,000 individuals from 2003 to 2013 and estimate working life expectancy by gender, occupational category, and region of residence using a Markov chain approach. We document large and increasing heterogeneity in the length of working life. From 2003–2004 to 2012–2013, working life expectancy for men declined from 35.2 to 27.2 years and for women from 34.7 to 23.7 years, increasing the gender gap to 3.5 years. Both young and old were hit, as roughly half of the decline was attributable to ages below 40, half above 40. Working life expectancy declined for all occupational groups, but those in manual occupations lost most, 8.5 years (men) and 10.5 years (women). The North–South economic gradient widened such that men living in the North were expected to work 8 years longer than women living in the South. The fraction of working life of total life expectancy at age 15 declined to record lows at 40% for men and 34% for women in 2012–2013. Policies aiming at increasing total population working life expectancy need to take into consideration the socio-demographic disparities highlighted by our results.Peer reviewe

Understanding Reinforcement Learning Control in Cyber-Physical Energy Systems

The possibility of modeling a renewable energy system as a Cyber-Physical Energy System (CPES) offers new possibilities in terms of control. More precisely, this document discusses the applicability of Reinforcement Learning (RL) techniques to CPES. By considering a benchmark algorithm, we focus on conceptual and implementation details and on how such details relate to the problem of interest. In this case, we simulate how a RL model can optimize the energy storage control in order to reduce energy costs. The work also discusses the issues that arise in RL models and the possible approaches to these difficulties. Specifically, we propose investigating a better exploitation of the memory mechanism

Educational disparities in disability-free life expectancy across Europe : A focus on the East-West gaps from a gender perspective

Altres ajuts: CERCA programme / Generalitat de CatalunyaEducation plays a crucial role in shaping the health outcomes of adults. This study examines the relationship between educational attainment and health across Europe. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we estimate educational inequalities in disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) by gender in seven Western European (2004-2019) and three Central and Eastern European (CEE) (2010-2019) countries. We exploit a novel approach that combines the Sullivan method and multivariate life tables to calculate DFLE using SHARE data. We find that educational differences in DFLE favoring the better-educated exist in both CEE and Western European countries, but also that the differences across countries are more pronounced among the low-educated. While the absolute gaps in DFLE between low- and high-educated individuals in CEE and Western European countries are similar, the educational disparities in DFLE impose a more significant burden on the CEE populations due to their overall lower life expectancy. Educational inequalities are larger among women than among men in CEE countries, while the results for Western European countries are mixed. Our findings further highlight the important role of the institutional context in mitigating or exacerbating educational inequalities in health

Changes in the Educational Gradient of Fertility Not Driven by Changes in Preferences

Fertility levels have historically been negatively correlated with the amount of information and material resources available to individuals and families. The recent reversal of this trend has been interpreted as a fundamental change in preferences, a return to large families led by more educated individuals. Our analysis shows, however, that the recently documented changes in fertility can be reproduced in the context of declining family size preferences across educational levels, and without assuming any transformation of the underlying behavioral mechanisms that link resources and fertility across cohorts. We demonstrate this point by replicating the stylized facts reported in previous studies using a simulated dataset. We generate this dataset from a model that assumes continuity in the way education shapes reproductive intentions over time. In our simulated population, the reversal in the relationship between education and fertility emerges as a result of the transition from a natural to a regulated fertility regime, as the share of unplanned births decreases over time, and the mechanisms that positively connect educational attainment with desired fertility become dominant. We conclude, thus, that the explanation for the weakening educational gradient of fertility lies primarily in the decline of unintended fertility, instead of in changes in fertility preferences.acceptedVersio

Modeling of Renewable Energy Communities: the RECoupled approach

The increase in energy production and consumption from Renewable Energy Sources (RES) is becoming strategic to reduce CO2 emissions and to contrast climate-change related issues. In this view, EU promoted the creation of Renewable Energy Communities (RECs) to foster the sharing of local RES production among end users. Even if technological aspects of these energy systems are not critical, their complexity in management and planning is presently arising due to intermittent RES generation and end users demands. Storage solutions can contribute to RES exploitation and to the flexibility of RECs, but introducing further complexity in the system. In this context, an adequate model of the physical and management layouts of the REC becomes crucial to perform energy, economic and environmental analyses. Consequently, in this paper a modelling approach of interconnected multi-energy systems named RECoupled is proposed to simulate such RECs in the Italian context, taking into account the corresponding rules and peculiarities

Segmentación espectral de imágenes obtenidas con cámaras de tiempo de vuelo

El propósito de un método de segmentación es descomponer una imagen en sus partes constitutivas. Se han propuesto un gran número técnicas y algoritmos para realizar ésta tarea. Algoritmos de visión por computador, en particular de segmentación, que han sido utilizados con éxito en ambientes industriales, con colores e iluminación controlada, no obtienen resultados similares en contextos diferentes. Una alternativa para abordar problemas en que las condiciones de contorno no permiten una segmentación adecuada es incorporar información de profundidad. Las mejoras realizadas en el campo de las tecnologías de escaneo 3D han hecho posible que las cámaras basadas en el principio de tiempo de vuelo sean más accesibles. Las cámaras de tiempo de vuelo son dispositivos de captura que generan simultáneamente imágenes en tonos de grises e información 3D de la escena. La fusión de la información de profundidad junto con la informaci ́on de intensidad permite obtener descripciones de las escenas que tienen en cuenta tanto la geometr ́ıa de los objetos como la información de luminancia. En éste contexto, la segmentación de imágenes consiste en utilizar algoritmos que utilicen ambas fuentes de información y no sólo los niveles de intensidad. Con esta perspectiva el problema de segmentación puede ser formulado como la búsqueda de formas efectivas para particionar adecuadamente un conjunto de muestras con información de intensidad y distancia. Recientemente han sido propuestos diversos algoritmos de agrupamiento, tanto jerárquicos como particionales, para abordar el problema de segmentar objetos en imágenes de intensidad. En particular los métodos de agrupamiento espectral tienden a determinar la estructura subyacente en un conjunto de patrones, donde otros métodos convencionales por la disposición y características particulares de los agrupamientos, no obtienen los resultados esperados. La presente tesina se enfoca en la posibilidad de utilizar métodos de agrupamiento espectral en imágenes de rango y de intensidad para abordar problemas de segmentación complejos.Facultad de Informátic