Atributos físicos e microbiológicos do solo cultivado com feijoeiro em dois sistemas de manejo

Agricultural management systems can alter the physical and biological soil quality, interfering with crop development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and microbiological attributes of a Red Latosol, and its relationship to the biometric parameters of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), irrigated and grown under two management systems (conventional tillage and direct seeding), in Campinas in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design was of randomised blocks, with a split-plot arrangement for the management system and soil depth, analysed during the 2006/7 and 2007/8 harvest seasons, with 4 replications. The soil physical and microbiological attributes were evaluated at depths of 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m. The following were determined for the crop: density, number of pods per plant, number of beans per pod, thousand seed weight, total weight of the shoots and harvest index. Direct seeding resulted in a lower soil physical quality at a depth of 0.00-0.05 m compared to conventional tillage, while the opposite occurred at a depth of 0.05-0.10 m. The direct seeding showed higher soil biological quality, mainly indicated by the microbial biomass nitrogen, basal respiration and metabolic quotient. The biometric parameters in the bean were higher under the direct seeding compared to conventional tillage.454641649CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESSem informaçãoSem informaçãoOs sistemas de manejo agrícola do solo podem alterar sua qualidade física e biológica, interferindo no desenvolvimento das culturas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os atributos físicos e microbiológicos de um Latossolo Vermelho e sua relação com parâmetros biométricos do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris) irrigado cultivado em dois sistemas de manejo (preparo convencional e semeadura direta), em Campinas-SP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com arranjo em parcelas subdivididas para sistema de manejo e profundidade do solo, analisados nas safras de 2006/07 e 2007/08, com 4 repetições. Os atributos físicos e microbiológicos do solo foram avaliados nas profundidades de 0,00-0,05; 0,05-0,10; 0,10-0,20 e 0,20-0,40 m. Para a cultura foram determinados: estande, número de vagens por planta, número de grãos por vagem, massa de mil grãos, massa da parte aérea total e o índice de colheita. A semeadura direta resultou em menor qualidade física do solo na profundidade de 0,00-0,05 m em relação ao preparo convencional, ocorrendo o inverso na profundidade de 0,05-0,10 m. O solo em que foi feita a semeadura direta apresentou melhor qualidade biológica, indicada, principalmente, pelo nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana, respiração basal e quociente metabólico. Os parâmetros biométricos do feijoeiro foram superiores no sistema semeadura direta em relação ao convencional

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Soil structure, micromorphology and microbiology in two soil management systems

Orientador: Zigomar Menezes de SouzaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia AgrícolaResumo: O manejo agrícola afeta a estrutura do solo, modificando a porosidade, a densidade, a resistência do solo à penetração e a capacidade de retenção e de movimentação de água no solo. Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar os efeitos do manejo convencional e plantio direto sobre a estrutura do solo com enfoque na distribuição dos poros por meio de análise micromorfológica e na microbiologia do solo. O projeto foi desenvolvido no Campo Experimental da FEAGRI/UNICAMP, em LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Distroférrico típico (Rhodic Hapludox), com parcelas experimentais em blocos inteiramente casualizados, onde foram comparados os sistemas "preparo convencional com grade aradora" e "plantio direto", com quatro replicações cada. Foram coletadas amostras para determinação dos atributos físicos, microbiológicos e micromorfológicos nas profundidades de 0,00-0,05 m, 0,05-0,10 m, 0,10-0,20 m e 0,20-0,40 m. Os dados foram submetidos a análises da variância para tratamentos e blocos, e comparação de médias pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados mostraram que o sistema plantio direto apresentou maiores valores de densidade do solo e menores de porosidade do solo e macroporosidade na profundidade de 0,00-0,05 m. A condutividade hidráulica do solo e o diâmetro médio ponderado apresentaram os maiores valores na profundidade de 0,00-0,05 m no plantio direto. O plantio direto apresentou valores superiores de carbono e nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana do solo e inferiores para o quociente metabólico microbiano indicando maior qualidade biológica. A análise de imagem mostrou que o sistema plantio direto apresentou maior porcentagem de área total média de poros e maior número de poros complexos. Os indicadores biométricos da cultura foram superiores para o plantio direto. As análises microbiológicas, micromorfológicas do solo e biométricas da cultura indicaram que o plantio direto tem maior qualidade estrutural quando comparado com o preparo convencionalAbstract: Agricultural management systems affects soil structure, changing the porosity, density, resistance to penetration as well as water retention capacity and water movement in soil. This research work aims to study the effects of conventional tillage and direct seedling on soil structure with emphasis on pore distribution as supported by micromorphological and microbiological soil analysis. The experimental part of this work was developed in the experimental field of FEAGRI/UNICAMP on a RED LATOSOL Dystroferric (Rhodic Hapludox), experimental plots in a completely randomized blocks systems and furtherlly compared with "conventional tillage with harrow disc" and "no-tillage", with four replications each. Samples were collected to physical attributes, microbiological and micromorphological depths of 0.00-0.05 m, 0.05-0.10 m, 0.10-0.20 m, 0.20-0.40 m. Treatment and bloc data were processed by analysis of variation meanwhile the comparison of means had been carried by the Tukey test at 5% of probability. Results showed that direct seedling system presented higher soil density and lower porosity as well as macroporosity values at the depth interval of 0.00-0.05 m. Soil hydraulic conductivity and average pore diameter presented higher values at the depth interval of 0-0.05 m for the direct seedling system. Directed seedling system generated higher values of carbon and nitrogen associated to the soil microbial biomass and lower microbial metabolic quotient indicating higher biological quality. Image analysis showed that direct seedling system presented higher average total pore area and higher complex pores. Cultural indices showed to be higher for the direct seedling system. Soil microbiological and micromorfological analysis as well as culture biometrical analysis indicated that direct seedling system presents higher structural quality when compared with conventional soil tillage systemMestradoAgua e SoloMestre em Engenharia Agrícol

Soil Structure Under Irrigated Beans And Different Soil Management Practices

Agricultural management affects soil structure, modifying soil physical properties and soil water movement. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) on soil structure through physical properties and pore distribution in 2-D digital images. The study was conducted in an Oxisol with a randomized block design. Soil bulk density, soil macroporosity, mean weighted diameter (MWD), saturated hydraulic conductivity (SHC), and analysis of 2-D digital images (156.25 mu m(2) resolution) were evaluated at the depths of 0-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m. Management systems did not differ for soil bulk density and soil macroporosity. The NT showed higher MWD and SHC compared to CT. The CT had a greater total pore area at the 0-0.20 m depth in relation to NT, with the opposite occurring at the 0.20-0.40 m depth. The NT had a greater number of complex pores of large size (>0.156 mm(2)) at the depth of 0.20-0.40 m in relation to the CT, which showed a predominance of rounded pores. The NT showed improvements in soil structure in relation to the CT, with greater aggregate stability, hydraulic conductivity, and total pore area, contributing to soil and water conservation in production systems.39260861

Soil physical and microbiological attributes cultivated with the common bean under two management systems

Agricultural management systems can alter the physical and biological soil quality, interfering with crop development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and microbiological attributes of a Red Latosol, and its relationship to the biometric parameters of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), irrigated and grown under two management systems (conventional tillage and direct seeding), in Campinas in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design was of randomised blocks, with a split-plot arrangement for the management system and soil depth, analysed during the 2006/7 and 2007/8 harvest seasons, with 4 replications. The soil physical and microbiological attributes were evaluated at depths of 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m. The following were determined for the crop: density, number of pods per plant, number of beans per pod, thousand seed weight, total weight of the shoots and harvest index. Direct seeding resulted in a lower soil physical quality at a depth of 0.00-0.05 m compared to conventional tillage, while the opposite occurred at a depth of 0.05-0.10 m. The direct seeding showed higher soil biological quality, mainly indicated by the microbial biomass nitrogen, basal respiration and metabolic quotient. The biometric parameters in the bean were higher under the direct seeding compared to conventional tillage.Os sistemas de manejo agrícola do solo podem alterar sua qualidade física e biológica, interferindo no desenvolvimento das culturas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os atributos físicos e microbiológicos de um Latossolo Vermelho e sua relação com parâmetros biométricos do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris) irrigado cultivado em dois sistemas de manejo (preparo convencional e semeadura direta), em Campinas-SP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com arranjo em parcelas subdivididas para sistema de manejo e profundidade do solo, analisados nas safras de 2006/07 e 2007/08, com 4 repetições. Os atributos físicos e microbiológicos do solo foram avaliados nas profundidades de 0,00-0,05; 0,05-0,10; 0,10-0,20 e 0,20-0,40 m. Para a cultura foram determinados: estande, número de vagens por planta, número de grãos por vagem, massa de mil grãos, massa da parte aérea total e o índice de colheita. A semeadura direta resultou em menor qualidade física do solo na profundidade de 0,00-0,05 m em relação ao preparo convencional, ocorrendo o inverso na profundidade de 0,05-0,10 m. O solo em que foi feita a semeadura direta apresentou melhor qualidade biológica, indicada, principalmente, pelo nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana, respiração basal e quociente metabólico. Os parâmetros biométricos do feijoeiro foram superiores no sistema semeadura direta em relação ao convencional

ESTRUTURA DO SOLO SOB FEIJÃO IRRIGADO E DIFERENTES MANEJO DO SOLO

O manejo agrícola influencia a estrutura do solo, modificando os atributos físicos e o comportamento hídrico do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da semeadura direta (SD) e do preparo convencional (PC) sobre a estrutura do solo, por meio de atributos físicos e da distribuição dos poros, utilizando imagens digitais 2-D. O estudo foi realizado em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico com delineamento de blocos casualizados. A densidade do solo, macroporosidade, diâmetro médio ponderado (DMP), condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado (Kfs) e análise de imagens digitais 2-D (resolução de 156,25 μm2) foram avaliadas nas profundidades de 0-0,20 e 0,20-0,40 m. Os manejos não diferiram para a densidade e macroporosidade do solo. A SD revelou maior DMP e Kfs em relação ao PC. O PC apresentou maior área total de poros na profundidade de 0-0,20 m em relação ao SD, ocorrendo o inverso na profundidade de 0,20-0,40 m. A SD apresentou maior quantidade de poros complexos de tamanho grande (>0,156 mm2) na camada de 0,20-0,40 m em relação ao PC, que evidenciou predomínio de poros arredondados. A SD demonstrou melhorias na estrutura do solo em relação ao PC, com maior estabilidade dos agregados, condutividade hidráulica e área total de poros, contribuindo para a conservação do solo e da água em sistemas produtivos

Soil physical and microbiological attributes cultivated with the common bean under two management systems

Agricultural management systems can alter the physical and biological soil quality, interfering with crop development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and microbiological attributes of a Red Latosol, and its relationship to the biometric parameters of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), irrigated and grown under two management systems (conventional tillage and direct seeding), in Campinas in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design was of randomised blocks, with a split-plot arrangement for the management system and soil depth, analysed during the 2006/7 and 2007/8 harvest seasons, with 4 replications. The soil physical and microbiological attributes were evaluated at depths of 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m. The following were determined for the crop: density, number of pods per plant, number of beans per pod, thousand seed weight, total weight of the shoots and harvest index. Direct seeding resulted in a lower soil physical quality at a depth of 0.00-0.05 m compared to conventional tillage, while the opposite occurred at a depth of 0.05-0.10 m. The direct seeding showed higher soil biological quality, mainly indicated by the microbial biomass nitrogen, basal respiration and metabolic quotient. The biometric parameters in the bean were higher under the direct seeding compared to conventional tillage

Poor timing and failure of source control are risk factors for mortality in critically ill patients with secondary peritonitis

Purpose: To describe data on epidemiology, microbiology, clinical characteristics and outcome of adult patients admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) with secondary peritonitis, with special emphasis on antimicrobial therapy and source control. Methods: Post hoc analysis of a multicenter observational study (Abdominal Sepsis Study, AbSeS) including 2621 adult ICU patients with intra-abdominal infection in 306 ICUs from 42 countries. Time-till-source control intervention was calculated as from time of diagnosis and classified into 'emergency' (< 2 h), 'urgent' (2-6 h), and 'delayed' (> 6 h). Relationships were assessed by logistic regression analysis and reported as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The cohort included 1077 cases of microbiologically confirmed secondary peritonitis. Mortality was 29.7%. The rate of appropriate empiric therapy showed no difference between survivors and non-survivors (66.4% vs. 61.3%, p = 0.1). A stepwise increase in mortality was observed with increasing Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores (19.6% for a value ≤ 4-55.4% for a value > 12, p < 0.001). The highest odds of death were associated with septic shock (OR 3.08 [1.42-7.00]), late-onset hospital-acquired peritonitis (OR 1.71 [1.16-2.52]) and failed source control evidenced by persistent inflammation at day 7 (OR 5.71 [3.99-8.18]). Compared with 'emergency' source control intervention (< 2 h of diagnosis), 'urgent' source control was the only modifiable covariate associated with lower odds of mortality (OR 0.50 [0.34-0.73]). Conclusion: 'Urgent' and successful source control was associated with improved odds of survival. Appropriateness of empirical antimicrobial treatment did not significantly affect survival suggesting that source control is more determinative for outcome

Effects of pre‐operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05-1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4-7 days or >= 8 days of 1.25 (1.04-1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11-1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care