The perception of the autonomy supportive behaviour as a predictor of perceived effort and physical self-esteem among school students from four nations

Grounded in self-determination theory (SDT), this study tested a model of motivational sequence in which perceived autonomy support from teachers in a physical education (PE) context predicted the perceived effort and physical self-esteem via self-determined motivation in school students. School students aged 12 to 16 years from Estonia (N = 816), Lithuania (N = 706), Hungary (N = 664), and Spain (N = 922) completed measures of perceived autonomy support from PE teachers, need satisfaction for autonomy, competence, relatedness, self-determined motivation, perceived effort and physical self-esteem. The results of the structural equation model (SEM) of each sample indicated that the students’ perceived autonomy support from the teacher was directly related to effort and indirectly via autonomous motivation, whereas physical self-esteem was related indirectly. Confirmatory factor analyses and multi-sample structural equation revealed well-fitting models within each sample with the invariances of the measurement parameters across four nations. The findings support the generalizability of the measures in the motivational sequence model to predict perceived effort and physical self-estee

Simulació aerodinàmica Tesla S model i Tesla Cybertruck

En aquest treball es realitza un estudi aerodinàmic amb una simulació CFD de dos models de vehicle de la marca Tesla, sent aquests el Tesla S model i el Tesla Cybertruck. L’ objectiu principal en l’estudi aerodinàmic és la comparació dels dos models i l’anàlisi dels resultats. Altres objectius importants són la representació fidel a la realitat dels models CAD dels vehicles, l’obtenció de la malla més optima possible i aconseguir resultats pròxims als oficials. Per realitzar l’anàlisi aerodinàmic dels vehicles s’ha realitzat el treball amb el programa ANSYS Fluent. Un cop trobades les geometries i realitzats els dominis computacionals, s’ha realitzat l’anàlisi de sensibilitat per trobar la malla optima. La simulació de ambdós vehicles s’ha realitzat amb una velocitat d’entrada de 40 m/s i el model de turbulència utilitzat ha estat el k-Epsilon. El resultats del coeficient de drag de Tesla S model ha estat de 0,2886 i el del Tesla Cybertruck de 0,4335, aquest resultats són de l’ordre de magnitud correcte però disten del resultats oficials. La geometria del Tesla S model permet tenir un millor rendiment aerodinàmic en comparació amb el Tesla Cybertruck. Tot i així l’aerodinàmica del Cybertruck és millor de l’esperat considerant la seva geometria angulosaEn este trabajo se realiza un estudio aerodinámico con una simulación CFD de dos modelos de vehículos de la marca Tesla, siendo estos el Tesla S model y el Tesla Cybertruck. El objetivo principal en el estudio aerodinámico es la comparación de los dos modelos y el análisis de los resultados. Otros objetivos importantes son la representación fiel a la realidad de los modelos CAD de los vehículos, la obtención de la malla óptima posible y conseguir resultados cercanos a los oficiales. Para realizar el análisis aerodinámico de los vehículos se ha utilizado el programa ANSYS Fluent. Una vez encontradas las geometrías y realizados los dominios computacionales, se ha realizado el análisis de sensibilidad para encontrar la malla óptima. La simulación de ambos vehículos se ha realizado con una velocidad de entrada de 40 m/s y el modelo de turbulencia utilizado ha sido el k-Epsilon. Los resultados del coeficiente de arrastre del Tesla S model han sido de 0,2886 y el del Tesla Cybertruck de 0,4335, estos resultados están en el orden de magnitud correcto, pero difieren de los resultados oficiales. La geometría del modelo Tesla S permite tener un mejor rendimiento aerodinámico en comparación con el Tesla Cybertruck. Sin embargo, la aerodinámica del Cybertruck es mejor de lo esperado considerando su geometría angularIn this work, an aerodynamic study is carried out using CFD simulation of two Tesla vehicle models, namely the Tesla S model and the Tesla Cybertruck. The main objective of the aerodynamic study is to compare the two models and analyse the results. Other important objectives include the realistic representation of the CAD models of the vehicles, obtaining the most optimal mesh possible, and achieving results close to the official ones. To perform the aerodynamic analysis of the vehicles, the ANSYS Fluent software has been used. Once the geometries are found and the computational domains are set up, sensitivity analysis on the mesh has been conducted to find the optimal mesh. The simulation of both vehicles has been performed with an inlet velocity of 40 m/s, using the k-Epsilon turbulence model. The results of the drag coefficient for the Tesla S model were 0.2886, and for the Tesla Cybertruck, it was 0.4335. These results are in the correct order of magnitude but differ from the official results. The geometry of the Tesla Model S allows for better aerodynamic performance compared to the Tesla Cybertruck. However, the aerodynamics of the Cybertruck are better than expected considering its angular geometr

Pictures are worth many words: Effectiveness of visual communication in dispelling the rent–control misconception

The popular belief that rent–control leads to an increase in the amount of affordable housing is in contradiction with ample empirical evidence and congruent theoretical explanations. It can therefore be qualified as a misconception. We present the results of a preregistered on–line experiment in which we study how to dispel this misconception using a refutational approach both in a video and in a text format. Communication in a video format comes closer to how citizens are typically exposed to information. We find that the refutational video has a significantly higher positive impact on revising the misconception than a refutational text, an effect that is driven by the departure from the misconception by individuals who initially agreed with it. The refutational text, in turn, does not have a significant impact relative to a non–refutational baseline text. Higher cognitive reflective ability positively affects the impact on beliefs of all interventions. Our research shows that visual communication effectively reduces the gap between scientific economic knowledge and the views of citizens

Conocimiento de los alumnos de estomatología sobre aromaterapia en el control de la ansiedad en la USS 2023

Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento de los alumnos de estomatología sobre aromaterapia en el control de la ansiedad en la USS 2023. Método: En este estudio, se utilizó una metodología de tipo básica que se caracterizó por un diseño observacional, transversal y descriptivo, se evaluó a 380 estudiantes de odontología por ciclo del VI al X. Se validó mediante el juicio de cinco especialistas, cuya valoración se realizó aplicando un coeficiente V de Aiken obteniendo 0.97 excelente validez se indica que el cuestionario fue de 14 preguntas con una confiabilidad buena de 0.837. Resultados: El nivel de conocimiento de los alumnos de estomatología sobre aromaterapia en el control de la ansiedad en la USS 2023, presentó un nivel regular con un 51.72% representado por 197 estudiantes; seguido de un nivel malo con un 40.28% representado por 153 estudiantes. Además, hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el nivel de conocimiento según sexo, edad y ciclo académico. Conclusión: El nivel de conocimiento de los alumnos de estomatología sobre aromaterapia en el control de la ansiedad en la USS 2023 fue con mayor porcentaje regular.TesisCalidad de vida, promoción de la salud del individuo y la comunidad para el desarrollo de la socieda

Prioritization criteria of patients on scheduled waiting lists for abdominal wall hernia surgery: a cross-sectional study

Elective herniorrhaphy; Incisional hernia; Inguinal herniaHerniorrafia electiva; Hernia incisional; Hernia inguinalHerniorràfia electiva; Hèrnia incisional; Hèrnia inguinalPurpose: Long delays in waiting lists have a negative impact on the principles of equity and providing timely access to care. This study aimed to assess waiting lists for abdominal wall hernia repair (incisional ventral vs. inguinal hernia) to define explicit prioritization criteria. Methods: A cross-sectional single-center study was designed. Patients in the waiting list for incisional/ventral hernia (n = 42) and inguinal hernia (n = 50) repair were interviewed by phone and completed health-related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaires (EQ-5D, COMI-hernia, HerQLes) as a measure of severity. Priority was measured as hernia complexity, patient frailty using the modified frailty index (mFI-11), and the consumption of analgesics for hernia. Results: The mean (SD) time on the waiting list was 5.5 (3.2) months (range 1-14). Complex hernia was present in 34.8% of the patients. HRQoL was moderately poor in patients with incisional/ventral hernia (mean HerQL score 66.1), whereas it was moderately good in patients with inguinal hernia (mean COMI-hernia score 3.40). The use of analgesics was higher in patients with incisional/ventral hernia as compared with those with inguinal hernia (1.48 [0.54] vs. 1.31 [0.51], P = 0.021). Worst values of mFI were associated with inguinal hernia as compared with incisional/ventral hernia (0.21 [0.14] vs. 0.12 [0.11]; P = 0.010). Conclusion: Explicit criteria for prioritization in the waiting lists may be the consumption of analgesics for patients with incisional/ventral hernia and frailty for patients with inguinal hernia. A reasonable approach seems to establish separate waiting lists for incisional/ventral hernia and inguinal hernia repair

Soluble/MOF-Supported Palladium Single Atoms Catalyze the Ligand-, Additive-, and Solvent-Free Aerobic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohols to Benzoic Acids

Metal single-atom catalysts (SACs) promise great rewards in terms of metal atom efficiency. However, the requirement of particular conditions and supports for their synthesis, together with the need of solvents and additives for catalytic implementation, often precludes their use under industrially viable conditions. Here, we show that palladium single atoms are spontaneously formed after dissolving tiny amounts of palladium salts in neat benzyl alcohols, to catalyze their direct aerobic oxidation to benzoic acids without ligands, additives, or solvents. With this result in hand, the gram-scale preparation and stabilization of Pd SACs within the functional channels of a novel methyl-cysteine-based metal-organic framework (MOF) was accomplished, to give a robust and crystalline solid catalyst fully characterized with the help of single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD). These results illustrate the advantages of metal speciation in ligand-free homogeneous organic reactions and the translation into solid catalysts for potential industrial implementation.This work was supported by the Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (Italy) and the MINECO (Spain) (Projects PID2019−104778GB−I00, CTQ 2017–86735–P, RTC–2017–6331–5, Severo Ochoa program SEV–2016–0683 and Excellence Unit “Maria de Maeztu” CEX2019−000919−M). E.T. and M.M. thank MINECO and ITQ for the concession of a contract. D.A. acknowledges the financial support of the Fondazione CARIPLO/“Economia Circolare: ricerca per un futuro sostenibile” 2019, Project code: 2019–2090, MOCA and Diamond Light Source for awarded beamtime and provision of synchrotron radiation facilities and thanks Dr. Sarah Barnett and David Allan for their assistance at I19 beamline (Proposal No. MT18768-1). Thanks are also extended to the “2019 Post-doctoral Junior Leader-Retaining Fellowship, la Caixa Foundation (ID100010434 and fellowship code LCF/BQ/PR19/11700011” (J.F.-S.) and “La Caixa” scholarship (ID 100010434) LCF/BQ/DI19/11730029 (J.B.-S). E.P. acknowledges the financial support of the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme/ERC Grant Agreement No 814804, MOF reactors. J.O.-M. acknowledges the Juan de la Cierva program for the concession of a contract (IJC2018-036514-I). We gratefully acknowledge to ALBA synchrotron for allocating beamtime and CLÆSS beamline staff for their technical support during our experiment. The computations were performed on the Tirant III cluster of the Servei d’Informàtica of the University of Valencia.Peer reviewe

Regioirregular and catalytic Mizoroki-Heck reactions

[EN] The palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reaction between alkenes and aryl halides (the Mizoroki-Heck reaction) is a powerful methodology to construct new carbon-carbon bonds. However, the success of this reaction is in part hampered by an extremely marked regioselectivity on the double bond, which dictates that electron-poor alkenes react exclusively on the beta-carbon. Here, we show that ligand-free, few-atom palladium clusters in solution catalyse the alpha-selective intramolecular Mizoroki-Heck coupling of iodoaryl cinnamates, and mechanistic studies support the formation of a sterically encumbered cinnamate-palladium cluster intermediate. Following this rationale, the alpha-selective intermolecular coupling of aryl iodides with styrenes is also achieved with palladium clusters encapsulated within fine-tuned and sterically restricted zeolite cavities to produce 1,1-bisarylethylenes, which are further engaged with aryl halides by a metal-free photoredox-catalysed coupling. These ligand-free methodologies significantly expand the chemical space of the Mizoroki-Heck coupling.This work was supported by MINECO (Spain, projects CTQ 2017-86735-P, PID2019-105391GB-C22 and MAT2017-82288-C2-1-P, Severo Ochoa programme SEV-2016-0683 and the Juan de la Cierva programme). F.G.-P. and R.G. thank ITQ for the concession of a contract. J.O.-M. acknowledges the Juan de la Cierva programme for the concession of a contract, and R.P.-R. and J.C.-S. thank the Plan GenT programme (CIDEGENT/2018/044) funded by Generalitat Valenciana. HR STEM measurements were performed at DME-UCA in Cadiz University, with financial support from FEDER/MINECO (PID2019-110018GA-I00 and PID2019-107578GA-I00). We acknowledge ALBA Synchrotron for allocating beamtime and CL AE SS beamline staff for their technical support during our experiment.Garnes-Portoles, F.; Greco, R.; Oliver-Meseguer, J.; Castellanos-Soriano, J.; Jiménez Molero, MC.; Lopez-Haro, M.; Hernández-Garrido, JC.... (2021). Regioirregular and catalytic Mizoroki-Heck reactions. Nature Catalysis. 4(4):293-303. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-021-00592-3S2933034

Three-dimensional imaging in myotonic dystrophy type 1

Altres ajuts: The research of G. Nogales-Gadea, A. Ramos-Fransi, and A. Lucia is funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III and cofinanced by Fondos FEDER. G. Nogales-Gadea is supported by a Miguel Servet research contract and by a Trampoline Grant #21108 from AFM Telethon. A. Ballester-Lopez is funded by an FI Agaur fellowship and Generalitat de Catalunya. E. Koehorst is funded by the La Caixa Foundation (ID 100010434), fellowship code LCF/BQ/IN18/11660019, cofunded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 713673. I. Linares-Pardo is funded by CP14/00032 and SGR 1520 (GRC) Generalitat de Catalunya. J. Núñez-Manchón was funded by AFM Telethon Trampoline Grant #21108. G. Lucente was supported by a Rio Hortega contract. J. Chojnacki is supported by European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant . The funding bodies had no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data.We aimed to determine whether 3D imaging reconstruction allows identifying molecular:clinical associations in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). We obtained myoblasts from 6 patients with DM1 and 6 controls. We measured cytosine-thymine-guanine (CTG) expansion and detected RNA foci and muscleblind like 1 (MBNL1) through 3D reconstruction. We studied dystrophia myotonica protein kinase (DMPK) expression and splicing alterations of MBNL1, insulin receptor, and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase 1. Three-dimensional analysis showed that RNA foci (nuclear and/or cytoplasmic) were present in 45%-100% of DM1-derived myoblasts we studied (range: 0-6 foci per cell). RNA foci represented <0.6% of the total myoblast nuclear volume. CTG expansion size was associated with the number of RNA foci per myoblast (r = 0.876 [95% confidence interval 0.222-0.986]) as well as with the number of cytoplasmic RNA foci (r = 0.943 [0.559-0.994]). Although MBNL1 colocalized with RNA foci in all DM1 myoblast cell lines, colocalization only accounted for 1% of total MBNL1 expression, with the absence of DM1 alternative splicing patterns. The number of RNA foci was associated with DMPK expression (r = 0.967 [0.079-0.999]). On the other hand, the number of cytoplasmic RNA foci was correlated with the age at disease onset (r = −0.818 [−0.979 to 0.019]). CTG expansion size modulates RNA foci number in myoblasts derived from patients with DM1. MBNL1 sequestration plays only a minor role in the pathobiology of the disease in these cells. Higher number of cytoplasmic RNA foci is related to an early onset of the disease, a finding that should be corroborated in future studies

CDK4 Phosphorylates AMPKα2 to Inhibit Its Activity and Repress Fatty Acid Oxidation

The roles of CDK4 in the cell cycle have been extensively studied, but less is known about the mechanisms underlying the metabolic regulation by CDK4. Here, we report that CDK4 promotes anaerobic glycolysis and represses fatty acid oxidation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) by targeting the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). We also show that fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is specifically induced by AMPK complexes containing the α2 subunit. Moreover, we report that CDK4 represses FAO through direct phosphorylation and inhibition of AMPKα2. The expression of non-phosphorylatable AMPKα2 mutants, or the use of a CDK4 inhibitor, increased FAO rates in MEFs and myotubes. In addition, Cdk4(-/-) mice have increased oxidative metabolism and exercise capacity. Inhibition of CDK4 mimicked these alterations in normal mice, but not when skeletal muscle was AMPK deficient. This novel mechanism explains how CDK4 promotes anabolism by blocking catabolic processes (FAO) that are activated by AMPK