Understanding the impact of introducing Lambda expressions in Java Programs

Background: The Java programming language version eight introduced several features that encourage the func­ tional style of programming, including the support for lambda expressions and the Stream API. Currently, there is a common wisdom that refactoring legacy code to introduce lambda expressions, besides other potential benefits, simplifies the code and improves program comprehension. Aims: The purpose of this work is to investigate this belief, conducting an in­depth study to evaluate the effect of introducing lambda expressions on program compre­hension. Method: We conducted this research using a mixed­method approach. For the quantitative method, we quantitatively analyzed 158 pairs of code snippets extracted directly either from GitHub or from recommendations from three tools (RJTL, NetBeans, and IntelliJ). We also surveyed practitioners to collect their perceptions about the benefits on program comprehension when introducing lambda expressions. We asked practitioners to evaluate and rate sets of pairs of code snippets. Results: We found contradictory results in our research. Based on the quantitative assessment, we could not find evidence that the introduction of lambda expressions improves software readability— one of the components of program comprehension. Our results suggest that the transformations recommended by the aforementioned tools decrease program comprehension when assessed by two state­of­the­art models to esti­mate readability. Differently, our findings of the qualitative assessment suggest that the introduction of lambda expression improves program comprehension in three scenarios when: we convert anonymous inner classes to a lambda expression, use structural loops with inner conditional to an anyMatch operator, and apply structural loops to filter operator combined with a collect method. Implications: We argue in this paper that one can improve program comprehension when he/she applies particular transformations to introduce lambda expressions (e.g., re­placing anonymous inner classes with lambda expressions). Also, the opinion of the participants highlights which kind of transformation for introducing lambda might be advantageous. This might support the implementation of effective tools for automatic program transformations

Evidências de Validade da Escala Conflito Trabalho-Família para Profissionais da Segurança Pública

The aim of this article is to present evidence of validity for the ‘work-family conflict scale’ with a sample of 10,383 professionals working in Brazilian public security. Cross-validation procedures were applied through the definition of two subsamples, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. All ethical procedures were followed. The results found in both the exploratory factor analysis (‘Work Interference with Family’ Factor, with factor loadings between .91 and .81 and alpha of .93, and ‘Family Interference with Work’ Factor, with factor loadings between .96 and .71 and alpha of .90) and the confirmatory analysis (χ2/df <5; CFI >.98; TLI >.98; RMSEA <.10) demonstrate robust evidence of validity, indicating the use of the scale in other organizational contexts.O artigo tem como objetivo geral apresentar evidências de validade da escala ‘conflito trabalho-família’ junto a uma amostra de 10.383 profissionais que atuam na segurança pública brasileira. Optou-se pela condução dos procedimentos de validação cruzada, por meio da definição de duas subamostras, foram realizadas análises fatoriais exploratórias e confirmatórias. Todos os procedimentos éticos foram adotados. Os resultados encontrados tanto na análise fatorial exploratória (Fator ‘Interferência do Trabalho na Família’, com cargas fatoriais entre 0,91 e 0,81 e alpha de 0,93 e Fator ‘Interferência da Família no Trabalho, com cargas entre 0,96 a 0,71 e alpha de 0,90) quanto confirmatória (χ2/gl < 5; CFI > 0,98; TLI > 0,98; RMSEA < 0,1) demonstram robustas evidências de validade, indicando o uso da escala em outros contextos organizacionais

Avaliação agroeconômica do uso de matéria orgânica na produção comercial de pepino

Different sources of organic matter were compared in the commercial production of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) cv. Aodai Nazaré in a dark red latosol under Cerrado (savannah). The experimental design was in randomized complete blocks with four replications and seven treatments: chicken manure (10 t/ha), cattle manure (20 t/ha), and processed garbage (30  t/ha) enriched with O, 5.4, 10.8 or 16.2 kg N/t, besides the check. Organic matter significantly improved marketable yield in cucumber. Treatments involving processed garbage were in general similar to the more traditional sources of organic matter. Chicken manure treatment outyielded cattle manure. In general, there was no advantage concerning the physic production volume to the N enrichment of processed garbage. The treatments were also analysed under a decision model that takes both profitability and risks into account. The best treatments under this perspective were chicken manure (10 t/ha) and processed garbage enriched with 10.8kg N/t of processed garbag.Foram comparadas diferentes fontes de matéria orgânica na produção comercial do pepino (Cucumis sativus) cv. Aodai Nazaré em Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro (LE), sob vegetação de cerrado. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e sete tratamentos: esterco de galinha (10 t/ha), esterco de curral (20 t/ha), lixo industrializado (30 t/ha) enriquecido com 0; 5, 4; 10, 8 e 16,2 kg de N/t de lixo e testemunha. A matéria orgânica foi eficiente na produção comercial de pepino, aumentando a produtividade; o lixo industrializado teve eficiência compatível com a apresentada pelas fontes tradicionais de matéria orgânica. Entre estas fontes, o esterco de galinha superou significativamente a produção do esterco de curral. Em geral, não há vantagem quanto ao volume físico de produção no enriquecimento do lixo industrializado com N. Os tratamentos foram analisados sob um processo de decisão que considerou tanto a rentabilidade como os riscos. Os melhores tratamentos sob este aspecto foram esterco de galinha (10 t/ha) e lixo industrializado tratado com 10,8 kg N/t lixo

Correlation between serum cystatin C and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in hypertensive patients

BACKGROUND: Serum cystatin C (s-CC), an endogenous marker of kidney function, has also been proposed as a cardiovascular risk marker. However, it is unknown whether it is a direct marker of atherosclerosis, independently of kidney function. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to correlate s-CC with two surrogate markers of subclinical atherosclerosis. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study involving 103 middle-aged (57.49 ± 11.7 years) hypertensive outpatients, being 60 female (58.25%), most with preserved kidney function. S-CC was correlated with carotid intima media thickness (IMT) and flow-mediated dilation of brachial artery (FMD), both assessed by ultrasound, as well as with measured creatinine clearance and established cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: S-CC was neither significantly correlated with IMT (r = -0.024; p = 0.84) nor with FMD (r = -0.050 and p = 0.687) and no significant association was observed with conventional risk factors and inflammatory markers. In univariate analysis, s-CC was correlated with measured creatinine clearance (r = -0,498; p < 0,001), age (r = 0,408; p < 0,001), microalbuminuria (r = 0,291; p = 0,014), uric acid (r = 0,391; p < 0,001), ratio E/e' (r = 0,242; p = 0,049) and Framingham score (r = 0,359; p = 0,001). However, after multiple regression analysis, only the association with measured creatinine clearance remained significant (r = -0,491; p < 0,001). CONCLUSION: In middle-aged hypertensive outpatients, s-CC correlated with measured creatinine clearance, as expected, but no association was observed with markers of atherosclerosis neither with established cardiovascular risk factors.FUNDAMENTO: A cistatina C sérica (s-CC), um marcador endógeno da função renal, tem sido proposta também como um marcador de risco cardiovascular. No entanto, ainda não está estabelecido se se trata de um marcador direto de aterosclerose, independentemente da função renal. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi correlacionar a s-CC com dois marcadores substitutos de aterosclerose subclínica. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal envolvendo 103 pacientes hipertensos ambulatoriais, de meia idade (57,49 ± 11,7 anos), sendo 60 do sexo feminino (58,25%) e a maioria com função renal preservada. A s-CC foi correlacionada com a espessura mediointimal carotídea (EMIc) e a dilatação mediada por fluxo de artéria braquial (DMF), ambas avaliadas por ultrassonografia, bem como com o clearance de creatinina medido e fatores de risco cardiovascular estabelecidos. RESULTADOS: A s-CC não se correlacionou significativamente nem com a EMIc (r = -0,024, p = 0,84) nem com a DMF (r = -0,050 e p = 0,687), e não foi observada também associação significativa com fatores de risco convencionais nem marcadores inflamatórios. Na análise univariada, a s-CC se correlacionou com o clearance de creatinina medido (r = - 0,498, p < 0,001), idade (r = 0,408, p < 0,001), microalbuminúria (r = 0,291, p = 0,014), ácido úrico (r = 0,391, p < 0,001), relação E/e' (r = 0,242, p = 0,049) e escore de Framingham (r = 0,359, p = 0,001). No entanto, após análise de regressão múltipla, apenas a associação com o clearance de creatinina medido permaneceu significativa (r = -0,491, p <0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Em pacientes hipertensos ambulatoriais de meia idade, a s-CC se correlacionou com o clearance de creatinina medido,como esperado, mas não foi observada associação com marcadores de aterosclerose nem com fatores de risco cardiovascular estabelecidos.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Universidade Federal do MaranhãoUNIFESPSciEL

CONGENITAL SYPHILIS EVALUATED FOR SYPHILITIC HEPATITIS - CASE SERIES

Objective: To report case series evaluated for congenital syphilitic hepatitis. Method: Study conducted at Maternity Santa Isabel from December 2021 to May 2022. We evaluated newborns with congenital syphilis using data taken from the pregnant woman’s card, the child’s card, the anamnesis and exams performed in the follow-up consultations of these families. Complete medical records of infants who presented the criteria for the diagnosis of congenital syphilis of the Ministry of Health and the Center for Disease Transmission Control were included. Results: The review was 15 of which were selected that fit all the inclusion criteria. The babies were born with good vitality, term, one had low birth weight, six hepatomegaly, all treated with penicillin, nine had altered liver biochemical tests. At ultrasonography, Doppler was normal for all, one case of hepatosplenomegaly and one with splenomegaly. Two mothers who were diagnosed at the time of delivery had fewer than six consultations, their babies had neurosyphilis and presented developmental alertness. The child who had microcephaly and low birth weight also presented altered neurodevelopment. Of the pregnant women, three were over 30 years old, one was white, five had studied less than 8 years, thirteen were not working, family income of 1 minimum wage or less in twelve families. Eight were inadequately treated. Of the parents, eleven had studied less than 8 years and eleven were inadequately treated. Conclusion: The children with syphilis were born vigorous and had adequate treatment. Nine had altered hepatic biochemical exams, two had ultrasonographic alterations, however, without alterations in the Doppler. The children of untreated mothers had neurosyphilis and neurodevelopmental&nbsp;changes

Avaliação do Potencial Eólico no Município de Jaguaruana, Litoral Cearense

This paper objective was to study the variation of speed wind anddirection, and to determine the wind power in the selected region. It is presentedin this study, a preliminary assessment of wind potential in the municipality ofJaguaruana, coastline region of Ceará State, using data of speed wind obtainedin a Meteorological Data Acquisition Equipment (Plataforma de Coleta deDados - PCD) of Fundação Cearense de Meteorologia e Recursos Hídricos (FUNCEME), from January 2004 to December 2006. For this, it was identifiedthe wind speed profile for 110 meters, with that the Weibull distributionparameters was estimated to determine the monthly average of density of windpower for the three years studied. In accordance with the results presented inthis paper, it was conclude that in Jaguaruana the predominant wind directionis from east with variations between northeast and southeast. The region has agood wind potential with excellent results in power density. The results showedthat the location of Jaguaruana obtained satisfactory values and good resultsfor the capacity factor, ranging between 20% and 35%.ento, bem como determinar a potência eólica da região selecionada.Apresenta-se neste estudo uma avaliação preliminar do potencial eólicono município de Jaguaruana, região litorânea do Estado do Ceará, atravésde uma série de dados de velocidade do vento obtidos de uma Plataformade Coleta de Dados (PCD) da Fundação Cearense de Meteorologia e RecursosHídricos (FUNCEME), no período de janeiro de 2004 a dezembrode 2006. Para tanto, identificou-se o perfil do vento para velocidade a 110m de altura, com isso, estimaram-se os parâmetros da distribuição de Weibullpara a determinação da densidade de potência eólica mensal média para ostrês anos em estudo. Em função dos resultados apresentados neste trabalho,pode-se concluir que a direção predominante do vento em Jaguaruanaé de leste com variações entre nordeste e sudeste. A região tem um potencialeólico satisfatório com ótimos resultados de densidade de potência.Os resultados mostraram que a localidade de Jaguaruana obteve valoressatisfatórios e bons resultados para o fator de capacidade, variando entre20% e 35%

Influência da temperatura no comportamento reológico de geleias comerciais de cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) / Temperature influence on behavior jellies rheological cupuaçu commercials (Theobroma grandiflorum)

A Reologia é a ciência que estuda as propriedades mecânicas dos materiais que determinam seu escoamento quando solicitadas por forças externas. As frutas nativas da Amazônia Brasileira despertam um grande interesse mundial quanto à sua composição nutricional e valor comercial. Com o cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) não é diferente, pois tal fruta, além de exótica, apresenta inúmeras formas de ser consumida, tais como: doces, geleias, sucos, sorvete, mousse e até em forma de licores. O cupuaçu pode, ainda, ser usado em produtos cosméticos, utilizando a parte gordurosa do fruto, suas sementes contém alto valor proteico e servem para incorporar vários tipos de alimentos. As geleias são doces semitransparentes, contendo polpa do fruto em partes de açúcar, que são cozidos até obter uma consistência viscosa, a pectina das frutas garante essa propriedade física. Objetivos: Determinar o comportamento reológico de uma geleia comercial de cupuaçu nas temperaturas de 20ºC, 30ºC, 40ºC, 50ºC e 60ºC e identificar o modelo mais adequado para descrever o comportamento reológico desse tipo de alimento, a fim de se obter parâmetros para a produção deste tipo de produto.  Material e métodos: As geleias foram adquiridas no comércio local da cidade de São Luís, no estado do Maranhão. As análises reológicas foram determinadas por um reômetro rotacional do tipo cone e placa, localizado no DETA/UNESP. Resultados: Os dados experimentais foram ajustados aos modelos de Newton, Ostwald-de-Waelle e Bingham, sendo que o modelo mais adequado para descrever o comportamento reológico do produto estudado foi o de Ostwald-de-Waelle, pois apresentou coeficientes de determinação (R2) superiores a 0,99 e menores valores de erro em todas as temperaturas estudadas. O tempo para formação dos géis foi de aproximadamente 50 minutos (300s). Conclusão: As amostras apresentaram comportamento não newtoniano e caráter pseudoplástico

a space-time approach

Publisher Copyright: © 2024 | Epidemio is a publication of Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva-ABRASCO.Objective: To identify the epidemiological, spatial, and temporal pattern of TB-HIV coinfection in Brazil during the period from 2001 to 2020. Methods: Ecological study using space-time analysis techniques. It included cases of TB-HIV coinfection registered in Brazil from 2001 to 2020. The temporal trend analysis was performed using segmented regression by Joinpoint regression. For spatial analysis, Moran indices were calculated and choropleth maps were produced using TerraView and QGIS software. Results: A stable temporal trend was observed in the incidence rates of TB-HIV coinfection in Brazil during the analyzed period. In addition, high-risk areas for coinfection located in states in the North, Southeast, South, and Midwest regions were identified. Conclusion: There was stability in the incidence of TB-HIV coinfection in Brazil over the last 20 years and heterogeneous geographic distribution of risk areas for the condition.publishersversionpublishe

Use of phytotherapy in treating diabetic foot in older adults: an integrative review

Objective: to identify the scientific evidence on herbal medicines used in treating diabetic foot in older adults. Methods: an integrative review conducted in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Web of Science and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature databases. The Rayyan platform was used as a supporting tool for archiving, organizing and selecting articles. Results: the search resulted in 158 articles. After identifying, selecting, evaluating eligibility, systematization and performing a full reading of the articles, the final sample consisted of 10 articles. We identified herbal medicines derived from Calendula officinalis, Ageratina pichinchensis, Phellodendron chinense, Curcumin phytosome, Capsicum spp., Rehmannia Glutinosa and Astragalus membranaceus. Conclusion: investigations of herbal compounds derived from four plants used in treating diabetic foot in older adults predominated. Considerations for practice: supported by legislation, nurses can guide users interested in using phytotherapy as an accessible solution with proven efficacy

Safety, Tolerability, and Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate Inhalation in Cystic Fibrosis.

BACKGROUND:Among the many consequences of loss of CFTR protein function, a significant reduction of the secretion of bicarbonate (HCO3-) in cystic fibrosis (CF) is a major pathogenic feature. Loss of HCO3- leads to abnormally low pH and impaired mucus clearance in airways and other exocrine organs, which suggests that NaHCO3 inhalation may be a low-cost, easily accessible therapy for CF. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the safety, tolerability, and effects of inhaled aerosols of NaHCO3 solutions (4.2% and 8.4%). METHODS:An experimental, prospective, open-label, pilot, clinical study was conducted with 12 CF volunteer participants over 18 years of age with bronchiectasis and pulmonary functions classified as mildly to severely depressed. Sputum rheology, pH, and microbiology were examined as well as spirometry, exercise performance, quality-of-life assessments, dyspnea, blood count, and venous blood gas levels. RESULTS:Sputum pH increased immediately after inhalation of NaHCO3 at each clinical visit and was inversely correlated with rheology when all parameters were evaluated: [G' (elasticity of the mucus) = - 0.241; G″ (viscosity of the mucus) = - 0.287; G* (viscoelasticity of the mucus) = - 0.275]. G* and G' were slightly correlated with peak flow, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and quality of life; G″ was correlated with quality of life; sputum pH was correlated with oxygen consumption (VO2) and vitality score in quality of life. No changes were observed in blood count, venous blood gas, respiratory rate, heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SpO2), body temperature, or incidence of dyspnea. No adverse events associated with the study were observed. CONCLUSION:Nebulized NaHCO3 inhalation appears to be a safe and well tolerated potential therapeutic agent in the management of CF. Nebulized NaHCO3 inhalation temporarily elevates airway liquid pH and reduces sputum viscosity and viscoelasticity