"Mini-hospital Veterinário"

O objetivo é transmitir de forma lúdica os conhecimentos de guarda responsável, cuidados com os animais e zoonoses ao público infantil. Esse projeto é articulado através de modelos didáticos, que simulam um animal doméstico ou selvagem, para que as crianças tenham contato direto com os problemas rotineiros que os afetam, e as possíveis soluções que devem ser tomadas para o bem estar do animal. São simulados alguns ambientes internos do hospital veterinário (por isso o apelido "mini-hospital veterinário"), como o setor de isolamento de doenças infecciosas, o setor de cirurgia, o setor de clínica médica, e um laboratório para realização de exames. As crianças têm participação direta na execução das tarefas e resolução dos problemas. Os participantes são divididos em grupos de 5 e as atividades são posicionadas de um modo que possa ser realizado um rodízio adequado para a resolução dos casos clínicos. Para que o rodízio ocorra como planejado, é fornecida para as crianças uma ficha de controle de atividades. Os modelos didáticos foram confeccionados pelos alunos do projeto. Para as crianças se sentirem como médicos veterinários foram também confeccionadas vestimentas em TNT, e são utilizadas toucas e máscaras descartáveis e luvas de procedimento. A maioria das crianças que participam se mostra muito empolgada e, durante cada atividade, surgem diversas perguntas por parte delas, mostrando que o interesse pelo tema é despertado. Com os ensinamentos ao público infantil, além de garantir uma geração mais consciente e madura a respeito dos temas abordados, é possível melhorar a conduta de quem realmente pode mudar o presente, os adultos, pois as crianças transmitem o que aprendem a seus familiares. Os professores dessas crianças, mesmo não sendo o público alvo, também se interessam em aprender, pois muitos dos temas são importantes e de baixa divulgação popular. Ao fim, a análise da última atividade proposta, que consiste na pergunta sobre o que elas mais gostaram e na elaboração de um desenho, possibilita perceber o que mais chama a atenção do público alvo, que são as atividades com mais atrativos, ou seja, que permitem maior participação ativa. Assim, podemos melhorar nossos modelos e a forma como os conceitos são transmitidos, a cada grupo de crianças que participa. O objetivo de se colocar esta atividade no REA é o "Mini-hospital" possa servir de base para outras Universidades que queiram desenvolver projetos semelhantes

"Mini-hospital Veterinário"

O objetivo é transmitir de forma lúdica os conhecimentos de guarda responsável, cuidados com os animais e zoonoses ao público infantil. Esse projeto é articulado através de modelos didáticos, que simulam um animal doméstico ou selvagem, para que as crianças tenham contato direto com os problemas rotineiros que os afetam, e as possíveis soluções que devem ser tomadas para o bem estar do animal. São simulados alguns ambientes internos do hospital veterinário (por isso o apelido "mini-hospital veterinário"), como o setor de isolamento de doenças infecciosas, o setor de cirurgia, o setor de clínica médica, e um laboratório para realização de exames. As crianças têm participação direta na execução das tarefas e resolução dos problemas. Os participantes são divididos em grupos de 5 e as atividades são posicionadas de um modo que possa ser realizado um rodízio adequado para a resolução dos casos clínicos. Para que o rodízio ocorra como planejado, é fornecida para as crianças uma ficha de controle de atividades. Os modelos didáticos foram confeccionados pelos alunos do projeto. Para as crianças se sentirem como médicos veterinários foram também confeccionadas vestimentas em TNT, e são utilizadas toucas e máscaras descartáveis e luvas de procedimento. A maioria das crianças que participam se mostra muito empolgada e, durante cada atividade, surgem diversas perguntas por parte delas, mostrando que o interesse pelo tema é despertado. Com os ensinamentos ao público infantil, além de garantir uma geração mais consciente e madura a respeito dos temas abordados, é possível melhorar a conduta de quem realmente pode mudar o presente, os adultos, pois as crianças transmitem o que aprendem a seus familiares. Os professores dessas crianças, mesmo não sendo o público alvo, também se interessam em aprender, pois muitos dos temas são importantes e de baixa divulgação popular. Ao fim, a análise da última atividade proposta, que consiste na pergunta sobre o que elas mais gostaram e na elaboração de um desenho, possibilita perceber o que mais chama a atenção do público alvo, que são as atividades com mais atrativos, ou seja, que permitem maior participação ativa. Assim, podemos melhorar nossos modelos e a forma como os conceitos são transmitidos, a cada grupo de crianças que participa. O objetivo de se colocar esta atividade no REA é o "Mini-hospital" possa servir de base para outras Universidades que queiram desenvolver projetos semelhantes

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2012: volume 6: formação de professores e trabalho docente

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Proceedings Of The 23Rd Paediatric Rheumatology European Society Congress: Part Two

PubMe

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research