Mídias sociais em tempos de bibliotecas 2.0: um estudo em Bibliotecas das instituições federais de ensino brasileiras trazendo perspectivas futuras para a preservação digital

This study aims to discuss the main challenges regarding the social participation on the Web by the Brazilian Federal Education Institutions’(IFES) Libraries and the changes related to the these institutions’ activities, especially interactions with their audience. The Research conducted a quantitative approach survey on the use of the main existing social media by these libraries. The survey sought to identify the level of involvement and participation of these libraries in social media. It is understood that this investigation is necessary as a foundation to the urgent need to raise awareness these Brazilian institutions as the valuable potential of interaction with their users through these media, despite the study demonstrated an incipient use. Based on the conducted survey, the study presents a reflection of the importance that it should devote to digital preservation, not only of their collections, but also the relevant records of the social media content. The results show that most brazilian public universities use Web 2.0 tools with social focus, and the greater adoption of Facebook (43%) and Twitter (29%), but only 5% of them use these medias to disseminate the collections. Thus, it was concluded that the use of social media by these libraries still have a lot to develop and consequently the digital preservation actions need to consider the inclusion of content generated by these media that increasingly have become a valuable communication channel

Avaliação da volemia em pacientes críticos: nova proposta

In order to turn a fluid challenge into a significant increase in stroke volume and cardiac output, 2 conditions must be met: 1) fluid infusion has to significantly increase cardiac preload and 2) the increase in cardiac preload has to induce a significant increase in stroke volume. In other words, a patient can be nonresponder to a fluid challenge because preload does not increase during fluid infusion or/and because the heart (more precisely, at least 1 of the ventricles) is operating on the flat portion of the Frank-Starling curve. Volumetric markers of cardiac preload are therefore useful for checking whether cardiac preload effectively increases during fluid infusion. If this is not the case, giving more fluid, using a venoconstricting agent (to avoid venous pooling), or reducing the intrathoracic pressure (to facilitate the increase in intrathoracic blood volume) may be useful for achieving increased cardiac preload. Arterial pulse pressure variation is useful for determining whether stroke volume can/will increase when preload does increase. If this is not the case, only an inotropic drug can improve cardiac output. Therefore, the best option for determining the usefulness of, and monitoring fluid therapy in critically ill patients is the combination of information provided by the static indicators of cardiac preload and arterial pulse pressure variation.Para ser efetivo em aumentar significativamente o volume sistólico um volume de fluido precisa preencher duas condições : 1- A infusão deste fluido tem que aumentar a pré-carga 2- O aumento da pré-carga tem que promover uma elevação proporcional do volume sistólico Em outras palavras o paciente pode ser não responsivo à infusão de volume em termos de volume sistólico, devido a quantidade de fluidos ainda não ser a necessária ou o coração já estar operando na faixa superior da curva de Frank-Starling. Os indicadores volumétricos da pré-carga cardíaca são úteis para verificar se esta pré-carga aumenta efetivamente durante a infusão de fluido. Em caso negativo, ou seja a pré-carga não aumenta, medidas adicionais como mais fluidos, venoconstrictores para aumentar o quantidade de sangue, ou aumento do retorno venoso por redução da pressão intratorácica podem ser efetivas para atingir a primeira condição: aumento da pré-carga. Delta PP pode ser útil para verificar se o volume sistólico aumenta com a infusão de fluidos. Isto não acontecendo somente drogas inotrópicas podem aumentar o débito cardíaco. Portanto, combinando os indicadores estáticos da pré-carga (PVC, pressão capilar pulmonar) com Delta PP, consegue-se a melhor opção para monitorar a resposta aos fluidos em pacientes críticos

A large Venous-Arterial PCO2 Is Associated with Poor Outcomes in Surgical Patients

Background. This study evaluated whether large venous-arterial CO2 gap (PCO2 gap) preoperatively is associated to poor outcome. Method. Prospective study which included adult high-risk surgical patients. The patients were pooled into two groups: wide [P(v-a)CO2] versus narrow [P(v-a)CO2]. In order to determine the best value to discriminate hospital mortality, it was applied a ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve for the [P(v-a)CO2] values collected preoperatively, and the most accurate value was chosen as cut-off to define the groups. Results. The study included 66 patients. The [P(v-a)CO2] value preoperatively that best discriminated hospital mortality was 5.0 mmHg, area = 0.73. Preoperative patients with [P(v-a)CO2] more than 5.0 mmHg presented a higher hospital mortality (36.4% versus 4.5% P = 0.004), higher prevalence of circulatory shock (56.8% versus 22.7% P = 0.01) and acute renal failure postoperatively (27.3% versus 4.5% P = 0.02), and longer hospital length of stays 20.0 (14.0–30.0) versus 13.5 (9.0–25.0) days P = 0.01. Conclusions. The PCO2 gap values more than 5.0 mmHg preoperatively were associated with worse postoperatively outcome

Epidemiology and outcomes of non-cardiac surgical patients in Brazilian intensive care units

OBJECTIVES: Due to the dramatic medical breakthroughs and an increasingly ageing population, the proportion of patients who are at risk of dying following surgery is increasing over time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes and the epidemiology of non-cardiac surgical patients admitted to the intensive care unit. METHODS: A multicenter, prospective, observational, cohort study was carried out in 21 intensive care units. A total of 885 adult surgical patients admitted to a participating intensive care unit from April to June 2006 were evaluated and 587 patients were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were trauma, cardiac, neurological, gynecologic, obstetric and palliative surgeries. The main outcome measures were postoperative complications and intensive care unit and 90-day mortality rates. RESULTS: Major and urgent surgeries were performed in 66.4% and 31.7% of the patients, respectively. The intensive care unit mortality rate was 15%, and 38% of the patients had postoperative complications. The most common complication was infection or sepsis (24.7%). Myocardial ischemia was diagnosed in only 1.9% of the patients. A total of 94 % of the patients who died after surgery had co-morbidities at the time of surgery (3.4 ± 2.2). Multiple organ failure was the main cause of death (53%). CONCLUSION: Sepsis is the predominant cause of morbidity in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. In this patient population, multiple organ failure prevailed as the most frequent cause of death in the hospital.OBJETIVO: Devido aos avanços da medicina e ao envelhecimento da população, a proporção de pacientes em risco de morte após cirurgias está aumentando. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar o desfecho e a epidemiologia de cirurgias não cardíacas em pacientes admitidos em unidade de terapia intensiva. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, observacional, de coorte, realizado em 21 unidades de terapia intensiva. Um total de 885 pacientes adultos, cirúrgicos, consecutivamente admitidos em unidades de terapia intensiva no período de abril a junho de 2006 foi avaliado e destes, 587 foram incluídos. Os critérios de exclusão foram; trauma, cirurgias cardíacas, neurológicas, ginecológicas, obstétricas e paliativas. Os principais desfechos foram complicações pós-cirúrgicas e mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva e 90 dias após a cirurgia. RESULTADOS: Cirurgias de grande porte e de urgência foram realizadas em 66,4% e 31,7%, dos pacientes, respectivamente. A taxa de mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva foi de 15%, e 38% dos pacientes tiveram complicações no pós-operatório. A complicação mais comum foi infecção ou sepse (24,7%). Isquemia miocárdica foi diagnosticada em apenas 1,9%. Um total de 94 % dos pacientes que morreram após a cirurgia tinha co-morbidades associadas (3,4 ± 2,2). A principal causa de óbito foi disfunção de múltiplos órgãos (53%). CONCLUSÃO: Sepse é a causa predominante de morbidade em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias não cardíacas. A grande maioria dos óbitos no pós-operatório ocorreu por disfunção de múltiplos órgãos.Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio PretoServidor Público Estadual Serviço de Terapia IntensivaHospital São Lucas Unidade Coronariana IntensivaHospital Moinhos de Vento Centro de Terapia IntensivaClínica Sorocaba Centro de Terapia IntensivaClínica São Vicente Centro de Terapia IntensivaUniversidade Federal da Paraíba Hospital Universitário Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de AdultosUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Hospital Pró-Cardíaco Centro de Terapia IntensivaUniversidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul Hospital Universitário Centro de Terapia Intensiva AdultoUniversidade Estadual de LondrinaHospital de Terapia IntensivaUniversidade Estadual do PiauíHospital Santa Luzia Centro de Terapia IntensivaUniversidade Estadual do Oeste do ParanáFaculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto Hospital de BaseHospital do Servidor Público EstadualHospital Cardiotrauma IpanemaSanta Casa de Misericórdia Centro de Terapia IntensivaUNIFESPSciEL

2 nd Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease, 2015

Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. It has considerable psychological, social, and economic impacts. The disease represents a significant public health issue in Brazil, with different regional patterns. This document presents the evidence that resulted in the Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. The objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of Chagas disease in the country, based on the available scientific evidence. The consensus is based on the articulation and strategic contribution of renowned Brazilian experts with knowledge and experience on various aspects of the disease. It is the result of a close collaboration between the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health. It is hoped that this document will strengthen the development of integrated actions against Chagas disease in the country, focusing on epidemiology, management, comprehensive care (including families and communities), communication, information, education, and research

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Development and validation of an algorithm for continuously and intermittent measurement of arterial pressure in a multiparametric monitor: pilot study in high risk surgical patients

Introdução: Diversos estudos mostraram que maximizar (ou aumentar até se alcançar um platô) o volume sistólico com infusão de fluidos durante uma cirurgia de alto risco pode melhorar o resultado pós-operatório. Este objetivo pode ser atingido simplesmente minimizando-se a variação da pressão arterial (PP) induzida por ventilação mecânica. Testou-se esta hipótese em um único e potencial centro de estudo aleatório. O objetivo principal foi a análise da duração de permanência hospitalar pós-operatória. Métodos: Trinta e três pacientes submetidos a cirurgias de alto risco foram randomizados em grupo controle (Grupo C, n = 16) e grupo intervenção (Grupo I, n = 17). No grupo I, o PP foi continuamente monitorizado durante a cirurgia por um dispositivo automático (DX 2020, Dixtal, São Paulo, Brasil) e minimizado até 10% da variação com infusão adicional de fluidos. Resultados: No período pré-operatório, os Grupos C e I foram comparados com base nos dados demográficos, classificação da American Society of Anesthesiologists (classificação ASA) - Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologistas, tipo e duração da cirurgia. Durante a cirurgia, o Grupo I recebeu mais fluido que o Grupo C (4618 ± 1557 vs 1694 ± 705 ml, p<0,0001), e o PP diminuiu de 22 ± 7 para 9 ± 1% (p < 0,05) no Grupo I. A duração média da permanência hospitalar pós-operatória (7 vs 17 dias, p<0,01) foi menor no Grupo I que no Grupo C. O número de complicações pós-operatória por paciente (1,4 ± 2,1 vs 3,9 ± 2,8, p<0,05), bem como a duração média da ventilação mecânica (1 vs 5 dias, p<0,05) e estadia na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) (3 vs 9 dias, p<0,01) também foram mais baixas no Grupo I. Conclusão: Monitorar e minimizar a variação do PP com infusão de fluidos durante cirurgias de alto risco melhorou o resultado pós-operatório e diminuiu a duração da permanência hospitalar. Registro do Estudo: NCT00479011Background: Several studies have shown that maximizing (or increasing until reaching a plateau) stroke volume by volume loading during high-risk surgery may improve postoperative outcome. This goal could be achieved simply by minimizing arterial pulse pressure variation (PP) induced by mechanical ventilation. We tested this hypothesis in a prospective, randomised, single centre study. The primary endpoint was the length of postoperative hospital stay. Methods: Thirty-three patients undergoing high-risk surgery were randomized either to a control group (group C, n = 16) or to an intervention group (group I, n = 17). In group I, PP was continuously monitored during surgery by an automatic device (DX 2020, Dixtal, and Sao Paulo, Brazil) and minimized to 10% by volume loading. Results: Pre-operatively, group C and group I were comparable in terms of demographic data, ASA score, type, and duration of surgery. During surgery, group I received more fluid than group C (4618 ± 1557 vs 1694 ± 705 ml, p<0.0001), and PP decreased from 22 ± 7 to 9 ± 1% (p < 0.05) in group I. The median duration of postoperative hospital stay (7 vs 17 days, p<0.01) was lower in group I than in group C. The number of post-operative complications per patient (1.4 ± 2.1 vs 3.9 ± 2.8, p<0.05), as well as the median duration of mechanical ventilation (1 vs 5 days, p<0.05) and ICU stay (3 vs 9 days, p<0.01) was also lower in group I. Conclusion: Monitoring and minimizing PP by volume loading during high-risk surgery improves post-operative outcome and decreases length of hospital. Trial registration: NCT0047901

Volume management in critically ill patients: new insights

In order to turn a fluid challenge into a significant increase in stroke volume and cardiac output, 2 conditions must be met: 1) fluid infusion has to significantly increase cardiac preload and 2) the increase in cardiac preload has to induce a significant increase in stroke volume. In other words, a patient can be nonresponder to a fluid challenge because preload does not increase during fluid infusion or/and because the heart (more precisely, at least 1 of the ventricles) is operating on the flat portion of the Frank-Starling curve. Volumetric markers of cardiac preload are therefore useful for checking whether cardiac preload effectively increases during fluid infusion. If this is not the case, giving more fluid, using a venoconstricting agent (to avoid venous pooling), or reducing the intrathoracic pressure (to facilitate the increase in intrathoracic blood volume) may be useful for achieving increased cardiac preload. Arterial pulse pressure variation is useful for determining whether stroke volume can/will increase when preload does increase. If this is not the case, only an inotropic drug can improve cardiac output. Therefore, the best option for determining the usefulness of, and monitoring fluid therapy in critically ill patients is the combination of information provided by the static indicators of cardiac preload and arterial pulse pressure variation

Variação da pressão sistólica como método diagnóstico da hipovolemia durante anestesia para cirurgia cardíaca Variación de la presión sistólica como método diagnóstico de la hipovolemia durante anestesia para cirugía cardiaca Systolic pressure variation as diagnostic method for hypovolemia during anesthesia for cardiac surgery

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A estimativa acurada do volume intravascular efetivo é de grande importância em pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos de grande porte. A avaliação da volemia, baseada na variação da pressão sistólica (VPS), (diferença entre os valores sistólicos máximos e mínimos durante um ciclo respiratório controlado mecanicamente) e sua variável delta down (dDown) tem se mostrado um indicador sensível da pré-carga, quando cotejados com parâmetros hemodinâmicos convencionais. Como a VPS não é um parâmetro utilizado rotineiramente para avaliação da volemia, este trabalho teve como objetivo introduzir a técnica da medida da VPS e verificar sua validade em pacientes submetidos à anestesia para cirurgia cardíaca. MÉTODO: A partir de programa de computador especialmente desenvolvido, transmitiu-se em tempo real a variação da pressão arterial a partir do monitor da sala cirúrgica para microcomputador conectado em rede. Após a adaptação deste sistema, foram estudadas as variações da pressão sistólica em nove pacientes submetidos à revascularização do miocárdio. As variáveis foram registradas em dois momentos, utilizando-se a expansão volêmica como indicador: M0 (antes da expansão volêmica) e M1 (após a expansão volêmica). Também foram estudados alguns parâmetros hemodinâmicos convencionais, confrontados com a variação da pressão sistólica. RESULTADOS: Os principais resultados deste estudo mostram que a VPS, em seu componente dDown, é a que apresenta maior consistência de variação após a expansão volêmica com amido.Os demais parâmetros hemodinâmicos estudados, embora apontem para nítida melhora cardiovascular após a expansão, possuem alta variabilidade entre os pacientes e mesmo quanto à resposta ao expansor. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados obtidos mostram que a VPS se comporta como um sensível indicador da volemia, em pacientes sob ventilação mecânica, quando correlacionada às variações da pressão venosa central, pressão capilar pulmonar e índice sistólico.JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La estimativa perfeccionada del volumen intravascular efectivo es de gran importancia en pacientes sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos de grande amplitud. La evaluación de la volemia, basada en la variación de la presión sistólica (VPS), (diferencia entre los valores sistólicos máximos y mínimos durante un ciclo respiratorio controlado mecánicamente) y su variable delta down (dDown) se ha mostrado un indicador sensible de la pre-carga, cuando comparados con parámetros hemodinámicos convencionales. Como la VPS no es un parámetro utilizado rutinariamente para evaluación de la volemia, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo introducir la técnica de la medida de la VPS y verificar su validez en pacientes sometidos a la anestesia para cirugía cardiaca. MÉTODO: Desde un programa de computadora especialmente desarrollado, se transmitió en tiempo real la variación de la presión arterial desde el monitor de la sala quirúrgica para la microcomputadora conectada en red. Después de la adaptación de este sistema, fueron estudiadas las variaciones de la presión sistólica en nueve pacientes sometidos a la revascularización del miocardio. Las variables fueron registradas en dos momentos, utilizándose la expansión volémica como marcador: M0 (antes de la expansión volémica) y M1 (después de la expansión volémica). También fueron estudiados algunos parámetros hemodinámicos convencionales, confrontados con la variación de la presión sistólica. RESULTADOS: Los principales resultados de este estudio muestran que la VPS, en su componente dDown, es la que presenta mayor consistencia de variación después de la expansión volémica con almidón.Los demás parámetros hemodinámicos estudiados, aunque apunten para una clara mejoría cardiovascular después de la expansión, poseen alta variabilidad entre los pacientes y mismo en cuanto a la respuesta al expansor. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados logrados muestran que la VPS se comporta como un sensible indicador de la volemia, en pacientes bajo ventilación mecánica, cuando correlacionada a las variaciones de la presión venosa central, presión capilar pulmonar e índice sistólico.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: An accurate predictor of effective intravascular volume is of paramount importance for patients submitted to major surgical procedures. A new method to evaluate intravascular volume based on systolic blood pressure variations (SPV), (difference between the maximum and minimum systolic values during controlled respiratory cycle) and its variable delta down (dDown) has shown to be a sensitive indicator of ventricular preload. As SPV is not routinely used in clinical practice our purpose was to evaluate the accuracy of this parameter in evaluating volume status of patients submitted to cardiac surgery. METHODS: As from specially developed software, blood pressure variation was transmitted in real time from operating room monitor to a network-connected computer. After the adaptation of this system, nine patients submitted to cardiac surgery were evaluated. Variables were recorded in two moments: T0 (before volume replacement) and TP (after volume replacement). At the same time, conventional hemodynamic parameters were also studied and compared to systolic pressure variation. RESULTS: Primary study results have shown that SPV (systolic pressure variation), in its dDown component, presents the best variation consistency after volume replacement with starch. Remaining hemodynamic parameters evaluated, although pointing to clear cardiovascular improvement after replacement, are highly variable among the patients and even on expander's response. CONCLUSIONS: Results have shown that SPV is a sensitive method to evaluate intravascular volume status in patients under mechanical ventilation, when correlated to central venous pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and systolic index variations