DECOMPOSITION OF THE REMAINING STRAW DURING SOYBEAN GROWING IN THE MIDWESTERN PARANÁ, BRAZIL

Crop biomass plays an important role, especially in tropical and subtropical crops that adopt the no-tillage system, whose decomposition is related to material composition and environmental conditions. The objective of this work was to analyze the decomposition of straw remaining from autumn/winter crops in the development of soybean in succession in the Midwest region of Paraná. The experiment was conducted between 2019 and 2021 in a completely randomized design, with eight treatments (spontaneous, black oat, brachiaria, corn, wheat, oilseed radish, corn + brachiaria, and black oat + oilseed radish) and four replications. After autumn/winter cultivation, biomass samples were dried and placed in nylon bags, returning to the original plot during soybean sowing. The decomposition bags were collected in seven periods over 120 days, coinciding with the soybean cycle. The decomposition rate was analyzed by regression. The regression equations and the amount of biomass remaining from the autumn/winter seasons were determinate the half-file and the remaining mass on the soil surface at sowing and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after sowing. Biomass production and decomposition rate varied with the season, depending on environmental conditions. Wheat had the lowest decomposition rate with a half-life greater than 100 days. Intercropping crops reduce the decomposition rate.Crop biomass plays an important role, especially in tropical and subtropical crops that adopt the no-tillage system, whose decomposition is related to material composition and environmental conditions. The objective of this work was to analyze the decomposition of straw remaining from autumn/winter crops in the development of soybean in succession in the Midwest region of Paraná. The experiment was conducted between 2019 and 2021 in a completely randomized design, with eight treatments (spontaneous, black oat, brachiaria, corn, wheat, oilseed radish, corn + brachiaria, and black oat + oilseed radish) and four replications. After autumn/winter cultivation, biomass samples were dried and placed in nylon bags, returning to the original plot during soybean sowing. The decomposition bags were collected in seven periods over 120 days, coinciding with the soybean cycle. The decomposition rate was analyzed by regression. The regression equations and the amount of biomass remaining from the autumn/winter seasons were determinate the half-file and the remaining mass on the soil surface at sowing and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after sowing. Biomass production and decomposition rate varied with the season, depending on environmental conditions. Wheat had the lowest decomposition rate with a half-life greater than 100 days. Intercropping crops reduce the decomposition rate

Evaluation in vitro of antimicrobial activity of tucumã oil (Astrocaryum Vulgare)

Hospital Infection is a major health problem and affects around 1.5 million people annually around the world. The Amazon region has a wide diversity of native palm trees that have fruits and oilseeds. Astrocaryum vulgare, commonly known as Tucumã in Brazil, belongs to the family Arecaceae. This palm has orange, fleshy, single-egg-shaped fruits that are used for therapeutic purposes in diseases of the eyes and skin due to the high content of carotenoids, oil is used in cooking, health treatment and massage. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the Tucumã oil against 18 microorganisms. The antimicrobial activity of Tucumã was measured through the determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), as well as the determination of the Minimum Microbicidal Concentration (CMM) aiming to contribute to the discovery of new antimicrobials against pathogenic microorganisms’ human health and may contribute to the treatment of nosocomial infections. The results showed that the oil of Tucumã presented antimicrobial activity against five important bacteria, four Gram - positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus agalactiae) and one Gram - negative (Acinetobacter baumannii)

Assistência humanizada pelo enfermeiro no processo parturitivo: uma revisão narrativa da literatura / Humanized care by nurses in the parturition process: a narrative review of the literature

INTRODUÇÃO: O trabalho de parto e parto assim como muitos outros procedimentos em saúde, vem passando por transformações ao decorrer dos anos com intuito de melhorar a experiência para a mulher, e diminuir os riscos para ela e o bebê. OBJETIVO: Identificar as ações de enfermagem na assistência humanizada à mulher durante pré-parto, parto e puerpério imediato. METODOLOGIA: Estudo de revisão narrativa, do tipo descritiva realizada no ano de 2022. A coleta de dados foi realizada através das fontes de dados BVS – Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e SciELO – Scientific Electronic Library Online. RESULTADO: A amostra final foi de 7 artigos. Alguns artigos deste estudo destacaram a importância da humanização do enfermeiro durante o trabalho de parto e sua importância para uma assistência ideal, por outro lado outros artigos relatam que as violências obstétricas ainda existem e enfatizam que o enfermeiro precisa ser capacitado e estar sempre atualizado para prestar a assistência humanizada. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que a humanização do enfermeiro no trabalho de parto contribui para uma melhor experiência para a gestante, filho e acompanhante, porém ainda existem muitas falhas na humanização assim como violências obstétricas, por isso é totalmente necessária a capacitação da equipe

Estratégias para aumentar a adesão ao exame citopatológico: relato de experiência

Introduction: Cervical cancer, also known as cervical cancer, represents a serious public health challenge, being one of the main causes of mortality among women in Brazil. Objective: This work sought to report the experience of an academic regarding the use of strategies to increase adherence to cytopathological examination in primary health care. Method: Experience report study, carried out by a nursing student at the Cesmac University Center, during the mandatory supervised internship in a basic health unit. The internship took place from February to May 2024, from Monday to Thursday one shift per day. Results: The report of a nursing student based on her experience during her stay in a basic health unit of a family health strategy during the mandatory supervised internship period. The report begins during her planning of health education about women's health and the importance of the cytopathological exam, known as the Pap smear. Conclusion: This experience was relevant for promoting self-assessment, allowing the application of theoretical and practical knowledge obtained throughout academic training in nursing. In addition to providing a valuable opportunity to reflect on the role of nurses in preventing women's health and disease prevention. And it reinforced my understanding of the importance as a future professional in the practice of health promotion, showing how the application of health education can positively impact people's health.Introdução: O câncer do colo do útero, também conhecido como câncer cervical, representa um sério desafio de saúde pública, sendo uma das principais causas de mortalidade entre mulheres no Brasil. Objetivo: Este trabalho buscou relatar a experiencia de uma acadêmica quanto ao uso de estratégias para aumentar a adesão ao exame citopatologico na atenção primaria de saúde. Método: Estudo do tipo relato de experiencia, realizado por acadêmica do curso de enfermagem do Centro universitário Cesmac, durante o estágio supervisionado obrigatório em unidade básica de saúde. O estágio aconteceu no período de fevereiro a maio de 2024, de segunda a quinta um turno por dia. Resultados: O relato de seu de uma estudante de enfermagem com base na sua vivência durante sua permanência em uma unidade básica de saúde de estratégia de saúde da família no período de estágio supervisionado obrigatório. O relato dá início durante seu planejamento de uma educação em saúde sobre saúde da mulher e a importância do exame citopatologico, conhecido como exame Papanicolau. Conclusão: Essa experiência foi relevante para promoção de autoavaliação, permitindo a aplicação de conhecimentos teóricos e práticos obtidos ao longo da formação acadêmica em enfermagem. Além de proporcionar uma oportunidade valiosa para refletir sobre o papel do enfermeiro na prevenção da saúde da mulher, e prevenção de doenças. E reforçou minha compreensão sobre a importância como futura profissional na prática da promoção da saúde, mostrando como a aplicação de educação em saúde pode impactar de forma positiva na saúde das pessoas

SUPORTE A IDOSAS CUIDADORAS DE FAMILIARES DEPENDENTES

Objetivo: conhecer os suportes para as idosas cuidadoras no cuidado de familiares dependentes. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, realizada entre março e junho de 2017 com seis idosas cuidadoras de pessoas dependentes cadastradas no programa público de atenção domiciliar em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Os dados das entrevistas foram analisados com base na Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: o estudo apontou que as idosas cuidadoras, no processo de cuidar do ente dependente, contam com o suporte de familiares, cuidadores formais, empregadas domésticas, programa de atendimento domiciliar e o atendimento móvel de urgência 24 horas. Conclusão: as idosas cuidadoras, no processo de cuidar do ente dependente, contavam com diversos suportes, os quais minimizavam a sobrecarga do cuidado e possibilitavam-lhes maior qualidade de vida.Descritores: Cuidadoras. Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente. Enfermagem Domiciliar. Saúde do Idoso. Enfermagem Geriátrica

Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus spp (VRE) : follow up during 9 years in a tertiary teaching hospital in southern Brazil

Introduction: Infection with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp (VRE) has been a worldwide problem since mid 1980’s and, in Brazil, since 1996. This study was conducted to evaluate the experience with VRE in our institution. Methods: A prospective cohort study from 2000 to 2009 was conducted at Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS. All hospitalized patients with VRE positive culture were included and followed from their diagnosis until they were negative for VRE or their discharge. Only the first admission for each VRE positive patient was included. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed to determine how VRE had spread. Results: A total of 315 cases of VRE were identified, 224 of which were isolated from rectal swabs. Vancomycin-resistant/ampicilin susceptible Enterococcus faecalis were identified in 312 isolates. PFGE was performed in 47 VRE isolates that presented an indistinguishable migratory profile. The median length of hospital stay and length of stay before VRE isolation were 46 days and 21 days, respectively; 52% of the patients were aged 60 and above. The annual distribution of the new VRE cases showed a clear decrease from 2000 to 2009. Discussion: This study shows a substantial VRE colonization (71%) with a homogenous pattern that emphasizes its transversal spread. Predominance of E. faecalis differs from the literature which largely describes a higher prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. The follow up of VRE during 9 years in our institution highlighted the importance of continuous surveillance to prevent outbreaks in our hospital

Parvovirus and distemper virus outbreak in puppies bred in a military kennel: Surto de parvovirose e cinomose em cães filhotes criados em um canil militar

A parvovirose e a cinomose são enfermidades infecciosas virais comuns da espécie canina no Brasil, ambas resultando em alta taxa de mortalidade por conta de sua severidade e aparecimento abrupto. Cães de trabalho são utilizados por instituições militares no Brasil desde o início do século passado, ganhando importância nas últimas décadas principalmente pelo fato de nosso país sediar alguns dos eventos esportivos mais importantes do mundo. Neste contexto, os canis militares, normalmente com concentração significativa de animais, estão sujeitos à ocorrência destas enfermidades infectocontagiosas. O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar um surto ocorrido em uma unidade militar e discutir os fatores que levaram ao seu surgimento.  Para tanto, foram analisadas as informações obtidas nos prontuários dos animais e em relatos de médicos veterinários e auxiliares que participaram de todas as atividades no momento do surto. Inicialmente, quatro dos 34 filhotes presentes no canil apresentaram sinais de gastroenterite e receberam terapia de suporte de acordo com as alterações expressadas. Depois de dois dias e com a confirmação laboratorial do diagnóstico de parvovirose, os animais tiveram sua terapia alterada e foram isolados do restante do plantel. Neste momento, todos os filhotes restantes começaram a receber vacinação em esquema para plantéis em risco. Após sete dias do início do surto, outros 12 filhotes começaram a apresentar sintomas semelhantes, sendo também isolados e tratados. Destes animais, quatro vieram a óbito. Após 25 dias do início do surto, outros seis filhotes, mais jovens, começaram a apresentar sintomas gastroentéricos e neurológicos e foram posteriormente confirmados laboratorialmente como infectados pelos vírus da cinomose e parvovirose simultaneamente, sendo tratados para tais. Todos estes animais vieram a óbito. Ao final do surto, contabilizou-se 22 animais acometidos, sendo seis por cinomose e parvovirose concomitantes e 16 somente por parvovirose. Algumas hipóteses em relação à epidemiologia dos vírus no canil foram levantadas e várias medidas profiláticas foram tomadas a fim de se evitar novos surtos. A partir do ocorrido pode-se concluir que estas enfermidades tem grande potencial de prejuízo tanto para a saúde do plantel, quanto para recursos materiais e pessoais em canis militares. Este potencial sugere a necessidade de medidas profiláticas robustas e constantes para evitar/mitigar tais prejuízos

Vancomycin resistant enterococcus spp (VRE): follow up during 9 years in a tertiary teaching hospital in southern Brazil

Introduction: Infection with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp (VRE) has been a worldwide problem since mid 1980's and, in Brazil, since 1996. This study was conducted to evaluate the experience with VRE in our institution.Methods: A prospective cohort study from 2000 to 2009 was conducted at Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS. All hospitalized patients with VRE positive culture were included and followed from their diagnosis until they were negative for VRE or their discharge. Only the first admission for each VRE positive patient was included. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed to determine how VRE had spread.Results: A total of 315 cases of VRE were identified, 224 of which were isolated from rectal swabs. Vancomycin-resistant/ampicilin susceptible Enterococcus faecalis were identified in 312 isolates. PFGE was performed in 47 VRE isolates that presented an indistinguishable migratory profile. The median length of hospital stay and length of stay before VRE isolation were 46 days and 21 days, respectively; 52% of the patients were aged 60 and above. The annual distribution of the new VRE cases showed a clear decrease from 2000 to 2009.Discussion: This study shows a substantial VRE colonization (71%) with a homogenous pattern that emphasizes its transversal spread. Predominance of E. faecalis differs from the literature which largely describes a higher prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium . The follow up of VRE during 9 years in our institution highlighted the importance of continuous surveillance to prevent outbreaks in our hospital.

YIELD AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CORN AND BRACHIARIA INTERCROPPING IN THE NORTHWESTERN PARANÁ

A consorciação de milho e Urochloa ruziziensis apresenta potencial para os sistemas de produção agrícola, permitindo a produção de grãos e biomassa remanescente. O estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a produtividade e a viabilidade econômica das modalidades de consórcio de milho e U. ruziziensis na região noroeste do Paraná. O experimento foi conduzido em Maringá-PR, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos (milho solteiro; U. ruziziensis solteira; milho com U. ruziziensis na entre linha; milho com U. ruziziensis na mesma linha; milho com U. ruziziensis em linhas intercaladas) e quatro repetições. Foi analisado o desenvolvimento inicial e produtividade de grãos do milho, e produção de biomassa de milho e U. ruziziensis. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste Tukey com significância de 5%. No desenvolvimento inicial das plantas de milho não houve diferença significativa em função da consorciação. U. ruziziensis em sistema consorciado apresentou redução na produção de biomassa. O cultivo em linhas intercaladas apresentou produtividade de grãos superior as demais modalidades de consorciação e semelhante ao cultivo de milho solteiro.The maize and Urochloa ruziziensis intercropping have potential use for agricultural production systems, allowing the production of grains and biomass. The study aims to evaluate the yield and economic viability of corn and U. ruziziensis intercropping modalities in the northwestern region of Paraná. The experiment was conducted in Maringá-PR in a completely randomized design with five treatments (single corn; single U. ruziziensis; U. ruziziensis between the corn rows; corn with U. ruziziensis in the same row; corn rows interspersed with U. ruziziensis rows) and four replicates. Initial development, grain yield of corn, and the production of biomass of corn and U. ruziziensis were evaluated. The data were submitted to analysis of variance. The means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. In the initial development of corn plants, there was no significant difference due to intercropping. U. ruziziensis in the intercropped system had a reduction in biomass production. Intercropping with corn rows interspersed with U. ruziziensis rows had grain yield higher than other intercropping modalities and similar to single corn cultivatio

Multicomponent systems with cyclodextrins and hydrophilic polymers for the delivery of Efavirenz

AbstractEfavirenz (EFZ) is one of the most used drugs in the treatment of AIDS and is the first antiretroviral choice. However, since it has low solubility, it does not exhibit suitable bioavailability, which interferes with its therapeutic action and is classified as a class II drug according Biopharmaceutical Classification System (low solubility and high permeability). Among several drug delivery systems, the multicomponent systems with cyclodextrins and hydrophilic polymers are a promising alternative for increasing the aqueous solubility of the drug. The present study aimed to develop and characterize in a ternary system of EFZ, MβCD and PVP K30. The results showed that the solid ternary system provided a large increase in the dissolution rate which was greater than 80% and was characterized by DSC, TG, XRD, FT-IR and SEM. The use of the ternary system (EFZ, MβCD and PVP K30 1%) proved to be a viable, effective and safe delivery of the drug. The addition of the hydrophilic polymer appeared to be suitable for the development of a solid oral pharmaceutical product, with possible industrial scale-up and with low concentration of CDs (cyclodextrins)