The interference of age and gender on smile characterization analyzed on six parameters: a clinical-photographic pilot study

Background and Objective: This study aimed to evaluate six smile-esthetic parameters (deviation of the upper dental midline from the facial midline, upper lip curvature, smile line, smile arch, smile width, and shape of the maxillary central incisors), correlating them with age and gender. Materials and methods: Caucasian individuals (N = 114) were grouped by gender (male and female) and age (group I-18 to 30 years old; group II-31 to 50 years old; and group III-over 50 years old). Using a digital camera, extra and intraoral pictures were taken to analyze the variables above-mentioned. The data were statistically evaluated, considering a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Most participants found deviations of the upper dental midline, straight upper lip curvature, and the medium smile line coincided with the facial midline. The parallel smile arch exposing 9 to 11 upper teeth, the absence of exposure of lower teeth when smiling, and oval upper incisors were prevalent parameters. Regarding gender, significant results were found for the curvature of the upper lip (p = 0.049), the smile arch (p = 0.001), and the shape of the upper central incisors (p = 0.004). For age, the association with the curvature of the upper lip (p = 0.032), the smile line (p = 0.001), the smile arch (p = 0.007), the width of the smile exposing lower teeth (p = 0.002), and the shape of the upper central incisors (0.012) were significant. Conclusions: Within this study's limitations, gender and age affect the anterior teeth shape and upper lip curves; gender and age did not influence the coincidence between dental and facial midlines.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The protist Trichomonas vaginalis harbors multiple lineages of transcriptionally active Mutator-like elements

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>For three decades the <it>Mutator </it>system was thought to be exclusive of plants, until the first homolog representatives were characterized in fungi and in early-diverging amoebas earlier in this decade.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here, we describe and characterize four families of <it>Mutator</it>-like elements in a new eukaryotic group, the Parabasalids. These <b><it>T</it></b><it>richomonas </it><b><it>v</it></b><it>aginalis </it><it><b>Mu</b>tator- <b>l</b>ike </it><it><b>e</b>lements</it>, or <it>TvMULEs</it>, are active in <it>T. vaginalis </it>and patchily distributed among 12 trichomonad species and isolates. Despite their relatively distinctive amino acid composition, the inclusion of the repeats <it>TvMULE1</it>, <it>TvMULE2</it>, <it>TvMULE3 </it>and <it>TvMULE4 </it>into the <it>Mutator </it>superfamily is justified by sequence, structural and phylogenetic analyses. In addition, we identified three new <it>TvMULE</it>-related sequences in the genome sequence of <it>Candida albicans</it>. While <it>TvMULE1 </it>is a member of the <it>MuDR </it>clade, predominantly from plants, the other three <it>TvMULEs</it>, together with the <it>C. albicans </it>elements, represent a new and quite distinct <it>Mutator </it>lineage, which we named <it>TvCaMULEs</it>. The finding of <it>TvMULE1 </it>sequence inserted into other putative repeat suggests the occurrence a novel TE family not yet described.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These findings expand the taxonomic distribution and the range of functional motif of <it>MULEs </it>among eukaryotes. The characterization of the dynamics of <it>TvMULEs </it>and other transposons in this organism is of particular interest because it is atypical for an asexual species to have such an extreme level of TE activity; this genetic landscape makes an interesting case study for causes and consequences of such activity. Finally, the extreme repetitiveness of the <it>T. vaginalis </it>genome and the remarkable degree of sequence identity within its repeat families highlights this species as an ideal system to characterize new transposable elements.</p

Specific warm-up exercise is the best for vertical countermovement jump in young volleyball players

We evaluated the effect of performing various distinct warm-up exercises on vertical countermovement jump (VCMJ) performance. Eight volleyball players (age 15.4 ± 0.5 yrs) performed five different warm-up activities (in a counterbalanced, randomized crossover study) over five days, at 24-h intervals: stretching (4 × 30 s, 30 s between sets), cycloergometer (5 min at 50 W + 5 min at 100 W), resistance exercise (leg press 45°, 3 × 5 repetitions maximum, 3-min pause between sets), specific vertical jumping (4 × 10 VCMJ, 2-min pause between sets), and no warm-up at all (control condition). Beginning 3 min after their warm-up, the players performed 3 attempts (at intervals of 3 min) of VCMJ (on a contact carpet), and each player's best jump was considered in the analysis. All warm-up activities presented higher VCMJ performance (p< 0.05) than the control condition, with the exception of stretching. Vertical jumping revealed a large effect size(0.8) than other interventions. We conclude that in practical terms, vertical jumps are the best warm-up exercise (when applied by itself) to acutely improve VCMJ performance in volleyball players, but that other exercises can make a complementary contribution.

RANGE OF MOTION AND STRETCH TOLERANCE AFTER ECCENTRIC STRENGTH TRAINING

The purpose of this study was to examine whether eccentric strength training alone and eccentric strength training combined with flexibility training of hamstring muscles can alter the maximum range of motion (ROM) and the stretch tolerance (ST) in the human hamstring muscles. Thirteen male (physical education students) performed strength eccentric training (Ecc) on one leg and eccentric and flexibility training (Ecc_F) on their other leg for 6 weeks; nine other subjects, not involved in any of these exercise performed served as a control group (CON). Strength and flexibility tests were administered before and after the training period. After 6 weeks of training, a significant difference between pretest and posttest was found for the one maximum repetition (1- RM) test on the Ecc and Ecc_F (

THE CHRONIC EFFECT OF STRENGTH AND FLEXIBILITY TRAINING ON STIFFNESS AND RANGE OF MOTION

Twelve male subjects were in the training group (T) who performed concentric strength training (CON) on one side and concentric plus flexibility training (CON_F) on the other side; other 10 subjects served as a control (C). A strength and stretch tests were administered before and after the training period. After 6 weeks of training a significant difference between pre and posttest was found for the 1 repetition maximum (1RM) test on T group. The ROM increased significantly only in CONC_F group. No differences between groups or time existed was found for stiffness. Concentric training was able to enhance strength without any alterations in the stiffness of muscle-tendon unit (MTU). The concentric training combined with flexibility training was able to increase strength and ROM without any augmentation in stiffness

Violacein Extracted from Chromobacterium violaceum Inhibits Plasmodium Growth in Vitro and in Vivo

Violacein is a violet pigment extracted from the gram-negative bacterium Chromobacterium violaceum. It presents bactericidal, tumoricidal, trypanocidal, and antileishmanial activities. We show that micromolar concentrations efficiently killed chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains in vitro; inhibited parasitemia in vivo, even after parasite establishment; and protected Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi-infected mice from a lethal challenge.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Univ Estadual Campinas, UNICAMP, Dept Parasitol, Inst Biol, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, UNICAMP, Dept Microbiol & Imunol, Inst Biol, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Bioquim, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilCEPEM, IPEPATRO, BR-78900970 Porto Velho, RO, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Dept Parasitol, ICB2, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, Dept Fisiol & Biofis, Inst Biol, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, Lab Quim Biol, Inst Quim, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Bioquim, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 2004/00638-6CNPq: 470587/2006-7Web of Scienc

Theoretical and experimental differential cross sections for electron impact excitation of the electronic bands of furfural

13 págs.; 8 figs.; 6 tabs.We report results from a joint experimental and theoretical investigation into electron scattering from the important industrial species furfural (CHO). Specifically, differential cross sections (DCSs) have been measured and calculated for the electron-impact excitation of the electronic states of CHO. The measurements were carried out at energies in the range 20-40 eV, and for scattered-electron angles between 10°and 90°. The energy resolution of those experiments was typically ∼80 meV. Corresponding Schwinger multichannel method with pseudo-potential calculations, for energies between 6-50 eV and with and without Born-closure, were also performed for a sub-set of the excited electronic-states that were accessed in the measurements. Those calculations were undertaken at the static exchange plus polarisation-level using a minimum orbital basis for single configuration interaction (MOB-SCI) approach. Agreement between the measured and calculated DCSs was qualitatively quite good, although to obtain quantitative accord, the theory would need to incorporate even more channels into the MOB-SCI. The role of multichannel coupling on the computed electronic-state DCSs is also explored in some detail. ©2016 AIP Publishing LLCR.F.C.N. thanks CNPq (Brazil) and the Science Without Borders Programme for opportunities to study abroad. D.B.J. thanks the Australian Research Council (ARC) for financial support provided through a Discovery Early Career Research Award, while M.J.B. also thanks the ARC for their support. M.J.B. and M.C.A.L. acknowledge the Brazilian agencies CNPq and FAPEMIG. P.L.-V. acknowledges the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCTMEC) through Grant Nos. PTDC/FIS-ATO/1832/2012 and UIO/FIS/00068/2013. G.G. acknowledges partial financial support from the Spanish Ministry MINECO (Project No. FIS2012-31230) and the European Union COST Action No. CM1301 (CELINA). Finally, R.F.d.C., M.T.d.N.V., M.H.F.B., and M.A.P.L. acknowledge support from the Brazilian agency CNPq and M.T.d.N.V. also thanks FAPESP.Peer Reviewe

Polypodium leucotomos targets multiple aspects of oral carcinogenesis and it is a potential antitumor phytotherapy against tongue cancer growth

Peer reviewe

Análise comparativa entre biodiesel filtrado e biodiesel destilado em trator agrícola

The scarcity of natural resources, in addition to the increasing concern about the environment, is forcing man kind to develop energy alternatives from renewable and biodegradable sources of a sustainable nature. In the search for such alternatives for motors with ignition by compression, biodiesel rises as a biofuel option derived from the reaction of plant oils with anhydrous alcohol. The objective of the present study was to compare the fuel consumption of an agricultural tractor functioning of alternate form with filtered and distilled biodiesel in a direct planting operation. A factorial scheme with fully randomized blocks was used as experimental design, combining seven mixture proportions (B0, B5, B15, B25, B50, B75 and B100) and two types of biodiesel (filtered and distilled). Hourly consumption as a volume unit (L h-1) and mass (kg h-1) and specific consumption (g kWh-1) were determined. The results showed no difference in the specific consumption when the tractor used filtered or distilled biodiesel.A escassez de recursos naturais, aliada à crescente preocupação ambiental, força o homem a desenvolver alternativas energéticas provenientes de fontes renováveis e biodegradáveis de caráter sustentável. Na busca de tais alternativas para o motor de ignição por compressão, o biodiesel destaca-se como opção de biocombustível produzido a partir da reação química de óleo vegetal e álcool anidro na presença de um catalizador. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o consumo de combustível de um trator agrícola funcionando de maneira alternada com biodiesel filtrado e biodiesel destilado em operação de semeadura-direta. O experimento foi realizado em esquema fatorial, em blocos inteiramente casualizados, combinando-se sete proporções de mistura (B0, B5, B15, B25, B50, B75 e B100) e dois tipos de biodiesel (filtrado e destilado). Analisaram-se o consumo horário em unidade de volume (L h-1) e massa (kg h-1) e consumo específico (g kWh-1). Os resultados mostraram não haver diferença no consumo específico quando o trator utiliza biodiesel filtrado ou destilado

Integral elastic, electronic-state, ionization, and total cross sections for electron scattering with furfural

We report absolute experimental integral cross sections (ICSs) for electron impact excitation of bands of electronic-states in furfural, for incident electron energies in the range 20-250 eV. Wherever possible, those results are compared to corresponding excitation cross sections in the structurally similar species furan, as previously reported by da Costa et al. [Phys. Rev. A 85, 062706 (2012)] and Regeta and Allan [Phys. Rev. A 91, 012707 (2015)]. Generally, very good agreement is found. In addition, ICSs calculated with our independent atom model (IAM) with screening corrected additivity rule (SCAR) formalism, extended to account for interference (I) terms that arise due to the multi-centre nature of the scattering problem, are also reported. The sum of those ICSs gives the IAM-SCAR+I total cross section for electron-furfural scattering. Where possible, those calculated IAM-SCAR+I ICS results are compared against corresponding results from the present measurements with an acceptable level of accord being obtained. Similarly, but only for the band I and band II excited electronic states, we also present results from our Schwinger multichannel method with pseudopotentials calculations. Those results are found to be in good qualitative accord with the present experimental ICSs. Finally, with a view to assembling a complete cross section data base for furfural, some binary-encounter-Bethe-level total ionization cross sections for this collision system are presented. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC