Bactérias ácido láticas e perfil antimicrobiano frente a microrganismos patogênicos gram-positivos: Lactic acid bacteria and antimicrobial profile against gram-positive pathogenic microorganisms

As bactérias ácido láticas (BAL) são microrganismos muito utilizados na produção de fermentados lácteos. As BAL podem caracterizar sensorialmente um produto e, além disso, atuar como conservantes, competindo com microrganismos patogênicos. Frente a isso, o objetivo deste artigo consiste em realizar uma revisão sobre BAL e sua potencial ação antimicrobiana contra microrganismos Gram positivos que causam doenças veiculadas por alimentos. Uma busca bibliográfica de trabalhos publicados no período de 11 anos (2010-2021), utilizando as principais bases de dados foi realizada. Com este trabalho evidenciamos que BAL atuam como produtoras de barreiras frente ao desenvolvimento de patógenos gram positivos em alimentos, sendo demonstrado que há vários mecanismos de ação envolvendo a atividade antimicrobiana das BAL e que esse é um campo aberto a novas pesquisas que possibilitem entender de forma mais clara e aprofundada o real efeito de cada um deles, ou suas diversas formas de interação

Fatores associados à qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de adultos com sequelas de AVC

OBJECTIVE: To assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among adults with stroke sequelae and to identify the factors that influenced the domains of HRQoL. METHOD: The subjects were adults with stroke who were admitted to a rehabilitation program between March and August 2008. They were investigated using the following instruments: Medical Outcomes 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Sixty-four adults of mean age 58.8 years were evaluated. RESULTS: The individuals who had had their injuries for longer times and who were more independent and younger had better HRQoL regarding physical functioning. Social participation was associated with better HRQoL, and there was a difference between groups with and without depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: HRQoL was compromised primarily with regard to functional characteristics. Moreover, the presence of depressive symptoms contributed towards a decline in HRQoL. Rehabilitation needs to focus on improving functionality and social participation, which may stimulate reductions in depressive symptoms and improvement of HRQoL

Visão de professores de Libras de instituições de ensino superior acerca do trabalho pedagógico e da ação docente nesta disciplina

Esse trabalho objetiva analisar a visão de um grupo de docentes da disciplina de Língua Brasileira de Sinais quanto aos objetivos, conteúdos, metodologia e referenciais teóricos contemplados em Ementas e Planos de Ensino (PE) ofertados nos cursos de licenciatura e bacharelado em Pedagogia, em Instituições de Educação Superior do Oeste do Paraná. Para a coleta do material, adotam-se técnicas de pesquisas bibliográfica, documental e de campo e entrevista semiestruturada, aplicada a nove docentes de Libras de seis diferentes Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES). Analisa-se qualitativamente esse material sob a concepção de Libras como direito linguístico dos surdos. O discurso dos docentes participantes revela que a inserção da Libras no Ensino Superior (ES) toma como centralidade o professor e o estudante surdo bilíngue. Em decorrência disso, atenta-se para (re) pensar o lugar adjudicado à Libras na Educação Superior e seu papel na formação de professores e pedagogos, o que potencializa novas formas de condução da educação dos surdos brasileiros.

Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida spp. bloodstream isolates from Latin American hospitals

From March 1999 to March 2000, we conducted a prospective multicenter study of candidemia involving five tertiary care hospitals from four countries in Latin America. Yeast isolates were identified by classical methods and the antifungal susceptibility profile was determined according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards microbroth assay method. During a 12 month-period we were able to collect a total of 103 bloodstream isolates of Candida spp. C. albicans was the most frequently isolated species accounting for 42% of all isolates. Non-albicans Candida species strains accounted for 58% of all episodes of candidemia and were mostly represented by C. tropicalis (24.2%) and C. parapsilosis (21.3%). It is noteworthy that we were able to identify two cases of C. lusitaniae from different institutions. In our casuistic, non-albicans Candida species isolates related to candidemic episodes were susceptible to fluconazole. Continuously surveillance programs are needed in order to identify possible changes in the species distribution and antifungal susceptibility patterns of yeasts that may occurs after increasing the use of azoles in Latin American hospitals.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Hospital São PauloUniversidad de Buenos Aires Hospital de Clínicas José de San MartínSanta Casa de Porto Alegre Instituto Especializado em Pesquisa e DiagnósticoHospital Cayetano HerediaUniversidad del Zulia Hospital Universitário de MaracaiboUNIFESP, EPM, Hospital São PauloSciEL

Evaluation of efficacy and safety of itraconazole oral solution for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in AIDS patients

This study was a non-comparative multicenter clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of itraconazole oral solution 200 mg/day (100 mg twice a day in the fasting state) for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in AIDS patients. We included 50 patients who were treated and followed for up to 3 weeks after ending therapy in the analysis. Mycological cures at the end of therapy occurred in 20/50 patients (40%), but colonization by Candida sp. was recorded in 42/50 (84%) by the end of follow-up. A high rate of clinical response was observed in 46/50 (92%), and the response was sustained for up to 21 days after stopping therapy in 24/46 patients (52%). Clinical relapses were documented among 22 patients, but all causative fungal organisms associated with a relapse were susceptible to itraconazole. There were many patients with persistence or recurrence of Candida, but without mucositis. Relapse of Candida mucositis was significantly related to low levels of CD4 lymphocytes exhibited by symptomatic patients. The drug was well tolerated by all but 1 patient. We conclude that itraconazole oral solution (100 mg bid for 7-14 days) is a well tolerated and effective treatment for suppressing the symptoms of oropharyngeal candidiasis in AIDS patients. Patients with severe immunosuppression may relapse and require frequent cycles of treatment or longterm suppressive therapy.Federal University of Paraná Clinical HospitalAliança HospitalFederal University of São Paulo DIPA Special Mycology LaboratoryJanssen-Cilag Farmacêutica do BrasilUNIFESP, DIPA Special Mycology LaboratorySciEL

Effects of two different decellularization routes on the mechanical properties of decellularized lungs

Considering the limited number of available lung donors, lung bioengineering using whole lung scaffolds has been proposed as an alternative approach to obtain lungs suitable for transplantation. However, some decellularization protocols can cause alterations on the structure, composition, or mechanical properties of the lung extracellular matrix. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the acellular lung mechanical properties when using two different routes through the trachea and pulmonary artery for the decellularization process. This study was performed by using the lungs excised from 30 healthy male C57BL/6 mice, which were divided into 3 groups: tracheal decellularization (TDG), perfusion decellularization (PDG), and control groups (CG). Both decellularized groups were subjected to decellularization protocol with a solution of 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. The behaviour of mechanical properties of the acellular lungs was measured after decellularization process. Static (Est) and dynamic (Edyn) elastances were obtained by the end-inspiratory occlusion method. TDG and PDG showed reduced Est and Edyn elastances after lung decellularization. Scanning electron microscopy showed no structural changes after lung decellularization of the TDG and PDG. In conclusion, was demonstrated that there is no significant difference in the behaviour of mechanical properties and extracellular matrix of the decellularized lungs by using two different routes through the trachea and pulmonary artery

Impaired gas exchange: accuracy of defining characteristics in children with acute respiratory infection

;;OBJETIVO:;; analizar la precisión de las características definitorias del diagnóstico de enfermería Deterioro del intercambio gaseoso, en niños con infección respiratoria aguda.;;;;MÉTODO:;; estudio de cohorte prospectivo abierto, realizado con 136 niños, acompañados por un período consecutivo de por lo menos seis días y como máximo de diez días. Para recolección de los datos se utilizó un instrumento basado en las características definitorias del diagnóstico Deterioro del intercambio gaseoso y en la literatura pertinente acerca de la evaluación pulmonar. Fueron calculadas las medidas de precisión de todas las características definitorias estudiadas.;;;;RESULTADOS:;; el diagnóstico Deterioro del intercambio gaseoso estuvo presente en 42,6% de los niños, en la primera evaluación. La hipoxemia fue la característica que presentó las mejores medidas de precisión. La respiración anormal presentó elevado valor de sensibilidad, agitación, cianosis y el color de la piel anormal evidenciaron alta especificidad. Todas estas características presentaron valor de predicción negativo arriba de 70%, y la cianosis también se destacó por el elevado valor de predicción positivo.;;;;CONCLUSIÓN:;; la hipoxemia fue la característica definitoria que presentó mejor capacidad de predicción para determinación del Deterioro del intercambio gaseoso. Estudios de esta naturaleza permiten que el enfermero minimice la variabilidad existente en las situaciones clínicas presentadas por el paciente e identifique, de forma precisa, el diagnóstico de enfermería que representa su verdadera condición clínica.;;;;OBJETIVO:;; analisar a acurácia das características definidoras do diagnóstico de enfermagem troca de gases prejudicada, em crianças com infecção respiratória aguda.;;;;MÉTODO:;; estudo de coorte prospectiva aberta, realizado com 136 crianças, acompanhadas por um período consecutivo de, no mínimo, seis dias e, no máximo, dez dias. Para coleta dos dados utilizou-se um instrumento baseado nas características definidoras do diagnóstico troca de gases prejudicada e na literatura pertinente acerca da avaliação pulmonar. Foram calculadas as medidas de acurácia de todas as características definidoras estudadas.;;;;RESULTADOS:;; o diagnóstico Troca de gases prejudicada esteve presente em 42,6% das crianças, na primeira avaliação. Hipoxemia foi a característica que apresentou as melhores medidas de acurácia. Respiração anormal apresentou elevado valor de sensibilidade e agitação, cianose e cor da pele anormal evidenciaram alta especificidade. Todas estas características apresentaram valor preditivo negativo acima de 70%, e cianose também se destacou pelo elevado valor preditivo positivo.;;;;CONCLUSÃO:;; hipoxemia foi a característica definidora que apresentou melhor capacidade preditiva para determinação de Troca de gases prejudicada. Estudos desta natureza permitem que o enfermeiro minimize a variabilidade existente nas situações clínicas apresentadas pelo paciente e identifique, de forma acurada, o diagnóstico de enfermagem que representa a sua verdadeira condição clínica.;;;;OBJECTIVE:;; to analyze the accuracy of the defining characteristics of the Impaired gas exchange nursing diagnosis in children with acute respiratory infection.;;;;METHOD:;; open prospective cohort study conducted with 136 children monitored for a consecutive period of at least six days and not more than ten days. An instrument based on the defining characteristics of the Impaired gas exchange diagnosis and on literature addressing pulmonary assessment was used to collect data. The accuracy means of all the defining characteristics under study were computed.;;;;RESULTS:;; the Impaired gas exchange diagnosis was present in 42.6% of the children in the first assessment. Hypoxemia was the characteristic that presented the best measures of accuracy. Abnormal breathing presented high sensitivity, while restlessness, cyanosis, and abnormal skin color showed high specificity. All the characteristics presented negative predictive values of 70% and cyanosis stood out by its high positive predictive value.;;;;CONCLUSION:;; hypoxemia was the defining characteristic that presented the best predictive ability to determine Impaired gas exchange. Studies of this nature enable nurses to minimize variability in clinical situations presented by the patient and to identify more precisely the nursing diagnosis that represents the patient's true clinical condition.;

FATORES PREDITORES ASSOCIADOS AO SOBREPESO E OBESIDADE EM AGENTES COMUNITÁRIOS DE SAÚDE

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a prevalência e os fatores preditores associados ao sobrepeso e à obesidade em Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS). Trata-se de um estudo analítico, transversal com ACS atuantes nas equipes de Estratégia Saúde da Família do município de Montes Claros - Minas Gerais. A coleta de dados ocorreu através da avaliação presencial, contendo variáveis sociodemográficas, comportamentais e clínicas. A variável desfecho referiu-se ao sobrepeso e à obesidade, por meio do cálculo do índice de massa corporal. A associação entre a variável desfecho e as variáveis independentes foram analisadas pela regressão de Poisson, com variância robusta. Foram entrevistados 675 ACS, dos quais mais da metade apresentaram sobrepeso e obesidade. A presença de sobrepeso e obesidade esteve associada ao tempo de atuação maior que 5 anos (RP- 1,16 - IC95% -1,03-1,31), ser hipertenso (RP- 1,38 IC95% -1,23-1,55), e relatar pior percepção do estado de saúde (RP-1,34- IC95% -1,18-1,51). Conclui-se que as prevalências de sobrepeso e obesidade entre os ACS são preocupantes e a maioria dos fatores associados aos desfechos está sujeita a mudanças a partir da adoção de um estilo de vida saudáve

System Engineering Paper

The Iowa State University team, Team LunaCY, is composed of the following sub-teams: the main student organization, the Lunabotics Club; a senior mechanical engineering design course, ME 415; a senior multidisciplinary design course, ENGR 466; and a senior design course from Wartburg College in Waverly, Iowa. Team LunaCY designed and fabricated ART-E III, Astra Robotic Tractor- Excavator the Third, for the team's third appearance in the NASA Lunabotic Mining competition. While designing ART-E III, the team had four main goals for this year's competition:to reduce the total weight of the robot, to increase the amount of regolith simulant mined, to reduce dust, and to make ART-E III autonomous. After many designs and research, a final robot design was chosen that obtained all four goals of Team LunaCY. A few changes Team LunaCY made this year was to go to the electrical, computer, and software engineering club fest at Iowa State University to recruit engineering students to accomplish the task of making ART-E III autonomous. Team LunaCY chose to use LabView to program the robot and various sensors were installed to measure the distance between the robot and the surroundings to allow ART-E III to maneuver autonomously. Team LunaCY also built a testing arena to test prototypes and ART-E III in. To best replicate the competition arena at the Kennedy Space Center, a regolith simulant was made from sand, QuickCrete, and fly ash to cover the floor of the arena. Team LunaCY also installed fans to allow ventilation in the arena and used proper safety attire when working in the arena . With the additional practice in the testing arena and innovative robot design, Team LunaCY expects to make a strong appearance at the 2012 NASA Lunabotic Mining Competition.