O Luto em Portugal: da Corte à Gente Comum (séculos XV-XVI)

O presente estudo lança um breve olhar sobre os rituais do luto na perspetiva da História das Emoções, campo recente que nos permite abordar as ações e os comportamentos do passado segundo novas perspetivas. Analisámos as manifestações de luto na transição da Idade Média para Época Moderna, tendo presente o contexto histórico e político no qual se inserem. Através de uma análise focada sobretudo nas crónicas régias, verificamos que, pelo menos entre os grupos cortesãos, se registou uma tendência crescente para a privatização da dor, através do progressivo desaparecimento da expressão violenta de emoções, ao passo que estas se mantiveram inalteradas no seio da gente comum.The following study casts a brief look at the rituals of mourning within the perspective of the History of the Emotions, a recent but relevant historical field that intends to interpret under a new light habits and actions from the past. We will analyze the concepts and practices of mourning and their evolution throughout the Early Modern period, by reviewing the contents mainly of royal chronicles, inserting the narratives of mourning in their political contexts. Our study suggests that, at least among court circles, there was a tendency towards the privatization of pain, through the progressive disappearance of violent expressions of emotion, while the latter remained mostly unaltered among the common people

Production of drinking water using a multi-barrier approach integrating nanofiltration: a pilot scale study

A multi-barrier system was studied for the production of drinking water with high chemical and microbiological quality. The integration of nanofiltration (NF) and ultraviolet (UV) photolysis was tested at pilot scale in a surface water treatment plant. The NF membranes tested, Desal DK and NF270, allow for the production of permeates with high quality standards, although the membrane with higher molecular weight cut-off (NF270) revealed to be the best option for surface water treatment due to its higher permeability. The NF270 membrane was also efficient to deliver high quality water, even under high pollutant concentrations, making possible to operate with water recovery rates as high as 98%. Extensive studies were performed in the water treatment plant where the proposed system was tested at three locations of the drinking water production line. Seeking to achieve the best compromise between high recovery rate, high retention of chemicals and microorganisms as well as preventing operational problems (flux decline and fouling), it was found that the integrated system should be placed after the conventional sand filtration, operating at a 91% recovery rate. Under the selected conditions – TMP of 8 bar and recovery rate of 91% – it is possible to operate at constant permeability without flux decline for a period of 15 days, after which a gentle CIP procedure is recommended. Membrane fouling was also investigated and the major foulant classes identified were proteins, polysaccharides and humic acids. A cleaning protocol was also tested and the impact of each cleaning step on the recovery of permeability evaluated

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

A História da Alimentação: balizas historiográficas

Os M. pretenderam traçar um quadro da História da Alimentação, não como um novo ramo epistemológico da disciplina, mas como um campo em desenvolvimento de práticas e atividades especializadas, incluindo pesquisa, formação, publicações, associações, encontros acadêmicos, etc. Um breve relato das condições em que tal campo se assentou faz-se preceder de um panorama dos estudos de alimentação e temas correia tos, em geral, segundo cinco abardagens Ia biológica, a econômica, a social, a cultural e a filosófica!, assim como da identificação das contribuições mais relevantes da Antropologia, Arqueologia, Sociologia e Geografia. A fim de comentar a multiforme e volumosa bibliografia histórica, foi ela organizada segundo critérios morfológicos. A seguir, alguns tópicos importantes mereceram tratamento à parte: a fome, o alimento e o domínio religioso, as descobertas européias e a difusão mundial de alimentos, gosto e gastronomia. O artigo se encerra com um rápido balanço crítico da historiografia brasileira sobre o tema

Between politics and mourning: writing consolatory letters to kings and queens (15th-16th centuries)

Dissertação de Mestrado em HistóriaA presente dissertação de mestrado insere-se numa indagação mais vasta sobre as formas de luto e sua evolução nos inícios do período moderno em Portugal, através da análise específica de cartas consolatórias dirigidas aos monarcas ibéricos entre finais do século XV e meados do século XVI. Inicia-se com um excurso pela forma como os rituais de luto se desenrolaram ao longo deste período, através de uma análise focada sobretudo nas crónicas régias, que permite concluir, pelo menos entre os grupos cortesãos, uma tendência para a privatização da dor, através do progressivo desaparecimento da expressão violenta de emoções. Em seguida, analisa-se de que forma as cartas consolatórias, género literário de origens clássicas e bíblicas, constituíram um instrumento para o controlo das emoções em alturas de crise política e de instabilidade no Reino. Confortando reis e rainhas, estas cartas procuravam ajudar a pessoa real a superar a dor, e a manter as suas virtudes, em prol do bom governo do seu povo, e, em última estância, da estabilidade da sua comunidade política. Destinadas geralmente a um público mais vasto do que a pessoa do rei ou da rainha, foram um importante elemento da mesma privatização do luto, ao mesmo tempo que assumiam um papel importante enquanto instrumento político.The following master’s dissertation is included in a wider research about forms of mourning and their evolution in Portugal since the beginning of the early modern period by focusing specifically on consolatory letters addressed to Iberian monarchs between late fifteenth century and mid-sixteenth century. It begins with an exploration of mourning rituals during this period through the reading of royal chronicles, that has allowed to conclude that, at least within court circles, a tendency towards a gradual privatization of pain in opposition to the former outburst of violent emotions in public ceremonies. The following step is the analysis of the ways in which consolatory letters, a literary genre with classic and biblical origins, formed a tool for emotion control in times of political dynastic crisis and kingdom instability. These letters comforted kings and queens and sought to help them to overcome pain and to keep to their virtues in order to foster the stability of their political community. Commonly designed to be read by a wider public than the king and queen, these letters were important elements in the same process of privatization of mourning, while assuming an important role as a political tool

O Luto em Portugal: da Corte à Gente Comum (séculos XV-XVI)

The following study casts a brief look at the rituals of mourning within the perspective of the History of the Emotions, a recent but relevant historical field that intends to interpret under a new light habits and actions from the past. We will analyze the concepts and practices of mourning and their evolution throughout the Early Modern period, by reviewing the contents mainly of royal chronicles, inserting the narratives of mourning in their political contexts. Our study suggests that, at least among court circles, there was a tendency towards the privatization of pain, through the progressive disappearance of violent expressions of emotion, while the latter remained mostly unaltered among the common peopleO presente estudo lança um breve olhar sobre os rituais do luto na perspetiva da História das Emoções, campo recente que nos permite abordar as ações e os comportamentos do passado segundo novas perspetivas. Analisámos as manifestações de luto na transição da Idade Média para Época Moderna, tendo presente o contexto histórico e político no qual se inserem. Através de uma análise focada sobretudo nas crónicas régias, verificamos que, pelo menos entre os grupos cortesãos, se registou uma tendência crescente para a privatização da dor, através do progressivo desaparecimento da expressão violenta de emoções, ao passo que estas se mantiveram inalteradas no seio da gente comu

Medical grade honey as a promising treatment to improve ovarian tissue transplantation

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is a female fertility preservation technique that presents major challenges for the maintenance of follicular viability after transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the application of L-Mesitran Soft®, a product containing 40% medical grade honey (MGH), with other strategies to improve ovarian grafts’ viability. For this purpose, bovine ovarian tissue was vitrified, warmed, and randomly assigned to culture groups: (1) control, (2) MGH 0.2% in vitro, (3) MGH in vivo (direct application in the xenotransplantation), (4) vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF 50 ng/mL) and (5) vitamin D (100 Nm), during a 48 h period. A sixth group (6) of fragments was thawed on transplantation day and was not cultured. The tissue was xenotransplanted into immunodeficient (Rowett nude homozygous) ovariectomized rats. Grafts were analyzed 48 h after culture, and 7 and 28 days after transplantation. The tissue was subjected to histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Treatments using MGH showed the highest angiogenic and cell proliferation stimulation, with cellular apoptosis, within a healthy cellular turnover pathway. In conclusion, MGH should be considered a potentially effective and less expensive strategy to improve ovarian tissue transplantation.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Trainees as simulated patients in family medicine/general practice OSCE stations for undergraduate students: unintended (positive) consequences

© 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.In our medical school, an OSCE was recently introduced as a high-stakes exam in the 4th year. For the first time, Family Medicine/General Practice (FM/GP) faculty members were involved in such a complex undertaking, being responsible for two of the ten five-minute stations. Facing limited resources, we decided to invite FM/GP trainees as simulated patients (SP). They were provided with a ninety minute training session prior to the OSCE. In our debriefing session, examiners and SP felt confident in the aftermath. Examiners praised the trainees’ participation for the level of standardisation achieved. On the other hand, SP practitioners felt training was hugely facilitated because of the trainees’ thorough knowledge of ‘typical’ patients. Trainees confided they saw their participation as an opportunity to feel like a patient, enabling the development of empathy, and recognise the impact of different communication skills in the doctor-patient relationship. This was vastly unforeseen for the faculty members and perceived as a silver lining.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio