High-Precision Spectroscopy of O 20 Benchmarking Ab Initio Calculations in Light Nuclei

: The excited states of unstable ^{20}O were investigated via γ-ray spectroscopy following the ^{19}O(d,p)^{20}O reaction at 8 AMeV. By exploiting the Doppler shift attenuation method, the lifetimes of the 2_{2}^{+} and 3_{1}^{+} states were firmly established. From the γ-ray branching and E2/M1 mixing ratios for transitions deexciting the 2_{2}^{+} and 3_{1}^{+} states, the B(E2) and B(M1) were determined. Various chiral effective field theory Hamiltonians, describing the nuclear properties beyond ground states, along with a standard USDB interaction, were compared with the experimentally obtained data. Such a comparison for a large set of γ-ray transition probabilities with the valence space in medium similarity renormalization group ab initio calculations was performed for the first time in a nucleus far from stability. It was shown that the ab initio approaches using chiral effective field theory forces are challenged by detailed high-precision spectroscopic properties of nuclei. The reduced transition probabilities were found to be a very constraining test of the performance of the ab initio models

High-Precision Spectroscopy of 20{20}O Benchmarking Ab Initio Calculations in Light Nuclei

International audienceHigh-precision spectroscopy of 20O benchmarking ab-initio calculations in light nucleiI. Zanon,1, 2 E. Cl´ement,3 A. Goasduff,1 J. Men´endez,4 T. Miyagi,5, 6, 7 M. Assi´e,8 M. Ciemala,9F. Flavigny,10 A. Lemasson,3 A. Matta,10 D. Ramos,3 M. Rejmund,3 L. Achouri,10 D. Ackermann,3D. Barrientos,11 D. Beaumel,8 G. Benzoni,12 A.J. Boston,13 H.C. Boston,13 S. Bottoni,14, 12 A. Bracco,12, 14D. Brugnara,1, 15 G. de France,3 N. de Sereville,8 F. Delaunay,10 P. Desesquelles,8 F. Didierjean,16C. Domingo-Prato,17 J. Dudouet,18 J. Eberth,19 D. Fern´andez,20 C. Foug`eres,3 A. Gadea,17 F. Galtarossa,8V. Girard-Alcindor,3 V. Gonzales,21 A. Gottardo,1 F. Hammache,8 L.J. Harkness-Brennan,13 H. Hess,19D.S Judson,13 A. Jungclaus,22 A. Ka¸ska¸s,23 Y.H. Kim,24 A. Ku¸so˘glu,25 M. Labiche,26 S. Leblond,3C. Lenain,10 S.M. Lenzi,27 S. Leoni,12 H. Li,3 J. Ljungvall,8 J. Lois-Fuentes,20 A. Lopez-Martens,8A. Maj,28 R. Menegazzo,27 D. Mengoni,15, 27 C. Michelagnoli,3, 24 B. Million,12 D.R. Napoli,1 J. Nyberg,29G. Pasqualato,15, 27 Zs. Podolyak,30 A. Pullia,12 B. Quintana,31 F.Recchia,15, 27 D. Regueira-Castro,20 P. Reiter,19K. Rezynkina,32 J.S. Rojo,33 M.D. Salsac,34 E. Sanchis,21 M. S¸enyi˘git,23 M. Siciliano,34, 35 D. Sohler,36O. Stezowski,18 Ch. Theisen,34 A. Utepov,3, 10 J.J. Valiente-Dob´on,1 D. Verney,8 and M. Zielinska341INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy.2Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Universit`a di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.3Grand Acc´el´erateur National d’Ions Lourds (GANIL), CEA/DRF-CNRS/IN2P3, Caen, France4Department of Quantum Physics and Astrophysics and Institute of Cosmos Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain5Technische Universit¨at Darmstadt, Department of Physics, Darmstadt, Germany6ExtreMe Matter Institute, GSI Helmholtzzentrum f¨ur Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany7Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany8Universit´e Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France9IFJ PAN, Krakow, Poland.10Universit´e de Caen Normandie, ENSICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen UMR6534, F-14000 Caen, France.11CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland12INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy13Oliver Lodge Laboratory, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.14Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit`a di Milano, Milano, Italy15Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit`a di Padova, Padova, Italy.16Universit´e de Strasbourg, IPHC, Strasbourg, France.17Instituto de Fisica Corpuscolar, CSIC-Universidad de Valencia, E-46071 Valencia, Spain.18Universit´e de Lyon, Universit´e Lyon-1, CNRS/IN2P3,UMR5822, IP2I, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France19Institut f¨ur Kernphysik, Universit¨at zu K¨oln, Z¨ulpicher Str. 77, D-50937 K¨oln, Germany20IGFAE and Dpt. de F´ısica de Part´ıculas, Univ. of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain21Departamento de Ingenier´ıa Electr´onica, Universitat de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain22Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Madrid, E-28006 Madrid, Spain23Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100 Besevler - Ankara, Turkey24Institue Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France.25Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler/Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.26STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, WA4 4AD, UK27INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.28The Henryk Niewodnicza´nski Institute of Nuclear Physics,Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Krak´ow, Poland29Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden30Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK31Laboratorio de Radiaciones Ionizantes, Departamento de F´ısica Fundamental,Universidad de Salamanca, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain32Universit´e de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France33Department of Physics, University of York, York, UK.34Irfu, CEA, Universit´e Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France35Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont (IL) 60439, United States.36Institute for Nuclear Research, Atomki, 4001 Debrecen, HungaryThe excited states of unstable 20O were investigated via γ-ray spectroscopy following the19O(d, p)20O reaction at 8 AMeV. By exploiting the Doppler Shift Attenuation Method, the lifetimeof the 2+2 and 3+1 states were firmly established. From the γ-ray branching and E2/M1 mixing ratiosfor transitions deexciting the 2+2 and 3+1 states, the B(E2) and B(M1) were determined. Variouschiral effective field theory Hamiltonians, describing the nuclear properties beyond ground states,along with a standard USDB interaction, were compared with the experimentally obtained data.Such a comparison for a large set of γ-ray transition probabilities with the valence space in medium 2similarity renormalization group ab-initio calculations was performed for the first time in a nucleusfar from stability. It was shown that the ab-initio approaches using chiral EFT forces are challengedby detailed high-precision spectroscopic properties of nuclei. The reduced transition probabilitieswere found to be a very constraining test of the performance of the ab-initio model

High-Precision Spectroscopy of 20{20}O Benchmarking Ab Initio Calculations in Light Nuclei

International audienceHigh-precision spectroscopy of 20O benchmarking ab-initio calculations in light nucleiI. Zanon,1, 2 E. Cl´ement,3 A. Goasduff,1 J. Men´endez,4 T. Miyagi,5, 6, 7 M. Assi´e,8 M. Ciemala,9F. Flavigny,10 A. Lemasson,3 A. Matta,10 D. Ramos,3 M. Rejmund,3 L. Achouri,10 D. Ackermann,3D. Barrientos,11 D. Beaumel,8 G. Benzoni,12 A.J. Boston,13 H.C. Boston,13 S. Bottoni,14, 12 A. Bracco,12, 14D. Brugnara,1, 15 G. de France,3 N. de Sereville,8 F. Delaunay,10 P. Desesquelles,8 F. Didierjean,16C. Domingo-Prato,17 J. Dudouet,18 J. Eberth,19 D. Fern´andez,20 C. Foug`eres,3 A. Gadea,17 F. Galtarossa,8V. Girard-Alcindor,3 V. Gonzales,21 A. Gottardo,1 F. Hammache,8 L.J. Harkness-Brennan,13 H. Hess,19D.S Judson,13 A. Jungclaus,22 A. Ka¸ska¸s,23 Y.H. Kim,24 A. Ku¸so˘glu,25 M. Labiche,26 S. Leblond,3C. Lenain,10 S.M. Lenzi,27 S. Leoni,12 H. Li,3 J. Ljungvall,8 J. Lois-Fuentes,20 A. Lopez-Martens,8A. Maj,28 R. Menegazzo,27 D. Mengoni,15, 27 C. Michelagnoli,3, 24 B. Million,12 D.R. Napoli,1 J. Nyberg,29G. Pasqualato,15, 27 Zs. Podolyak,30 A. Pullia,12 B. Quintana,31 F.Recchia,15, 27 D. Regueira-Castro,20 P. Reiter,19K. Rezynkina,32 J.S. Rojo,33 M.D. Salsac,34 E. Sanchis,21 M. S¸enyi˘git,23 M. Siciliano,34, 35 D. Sohler,36O. Stezowski,18 Ch. Theisen,34 A. Utepov,3, 10 J.J. Valiente-Dob´on,1 D. Verney,8 and M. Zielinska341INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy.2Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Universit`a di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.3Grand Acc´el´erateur National d’Ions Lourds (GANIL), CEA/DRF-CNRS/IN2P3, Caen, France4Department of Quantum Physics and Astrophysics and Institute of Cosmos Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain5Technische Universit¨at Darmstadt, Department of Physics, Darmstadt, Germany6ExtreMe Matter Institute, GSI Helmholtzzentrum f¨ur Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany7Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany8Universit´e Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France9IFJ PAN, Krakow, Poland.10Universit´e de Caen Normandie, ENSICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen UMR6534, F-14000 Caen, France.11CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland12INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy13Oliver Lodge Laboratory, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.14Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit`a di Milano, Milano, Italy15Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit`a di Padova, Padova, Italy.16Universit´e de Strasbourg, IPHC, Strasbourg, France.17Instituto de Fisica Corpuscolar, CSIC-Universidad de Valencia, E-46071 Valencia, Spain.18Universit´e de Lyon, Universit´e Lyon-1, CNRS/IN2P3,UMR5822, IP2I, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France19Institut f¨ur Kernphysik, Universit¨at zu K¨oln, Z¨ulpicher Str. 77, D-50937 K¨oln, Germany20IGFAE and Dpt. de F´ısica de Part´ıculas, Univ. of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain21Departamento de Ingenier´ıa Electr´onica, Universitat de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain22Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Madrid, E-28006 Madrid, Spain23Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100 Besevler - Ankara, Turkey24Institue Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France.25Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler/Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.26STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, WA4 4AD, UK27INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.28The Henryk Niewodnicza´nski Institute of Nuclear Physics,Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Krak´ow, Poland29Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden30Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK31Laboratorio de Radiaciones Ionizantes, Departamento de F´ısica Fundamental,Universidad de Salamanca, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain32Universit´e de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France33Department of Physics, University of York, York, UK.34Irfu, CEA, Universit´e Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France35Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont (IL) 60439, United States.36Institute for Nuclear Research, Atomki, 4001 Debrecen, HungaryThe excited states of unstable 20O were investigated via γ-ray spectroscopy following the19O(d, p)20O reaction at 8 AMeV. By exploiting the Doppler Shift Attenuation Method, the lifetimeof the 2+2 and 3+1 states were firmly established. From the γ-ray branching and E2/M1 mixing ratiosfor transitions deexciting the 2+2 and 3+1 states, the B(E2) and B(M1) were determined. Variouschiral effective field theory Hamiltonians, describing the nuclear properties beyond ground states,along with a standard USDB interaction, were compared with the experimentally obtained data.Such a comparison for a large set of γ-ray transition probabilities with the valence space in medium 2similarity renormalization group ab-initio calculations was performed for the first time in a nucleusfar from stability. It was shown that the ab-initio approaches using chiral EFT forces are challengedby detailed high-precision spectroscopic properties of nuclei. The reduced transition probabilitieswere found to be a very constraining test of the performance of the ab-initio model

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context

Summary: Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health