Campus developments China Versus Middle East

Campus developments are great social cultural and economic indicator for how a country views education on the one side and on the other what value architecture has in this. The paper is assessing the key stakeholder. The impact education has on the community and economy. Architectural designers are driven by their own design as well as economic ambition. The architectural choice of campus designs in the UAE is driven by internationalization drive. China seems to be more driven by internal flexibility and drive to have a symbolic architectural expression of the campus

Campus developments China Versus Middle East

Campus developments are great social cultural and economic indicator for how a country views education on the one side and on the other what value architecture has in this. The paper is assessing the key stakeholder. The impact education has on the community and economy. Architectural designers are driven by their own design as well as economic ambition. The architectural choice of campus designs in the UAE is driven by internationalization drive. China seems to be more driven by internal flexibility and drive to have a symbolic architectural expression of the campus.</jats:p

Rivers of Steel: The Economic Development of Seattle During the Rail Age, 1870-1920

The Pacific Northwest experienced massive urban development and growth in population from 1870 to 1920. The railroad was a key factor contributing to the influx of people and expansion of the built environment. The rival port towns around the Washington Territory’s Puget Sound all strove to become the dominant center of trade. As the pattern of railroads expanded, this new mode of transportation would have a significant effect on which ports would prosper and which would languish. This paper will show that the rail network that developed between 1873 and 1893 would come to favor Seattle at a critical point in history: just before the Klondike Gold Rush. But as the railroads shaped the development of the Sound, other factors shaped the pattern of the rails as well. Seattle was able to play an early role as a local supply hub because of its early start as a community, central location, and strong maritime trade. The city’s proximity to large and high quality coal deposits also played a role its development and the extension of local rail lines. Seattle’s role as trade hub and local rail network created the infrastructure necessary to convince the Great Northern transcontinental railroad to make the city its terminus, nullifying the competitive advantage of its main rival on the sound, Tacoma. The railroad network that developed during this period further entrenched Seattle’s role as the trading hub of Puget Sound, which played a crucial role in the city’s rise to become the dominant port on the sound. This paper contributes to the historical analysis of Seattle’s early days as a burgeoning port town by surveying the works of scholars and providing a new perspective on the driving forces in Seattle’s rise to economic supremacy

Campus Developments China Versus Middle East

Campus developments are great social cultural and economic indicator for how a country views education on the one side and on the other what value architecture has in this. The paper is assessing the key stakeholder. The impact education has on the community and economy. Architectural designers are driven by their own design as well as economic ambition. The architectural choice of campus designs in the UAE is driven by Internationalization drive. China seems to be more driven by internal flexibility and drive to have a symbolic architectural expression of the campus

Commensuration by form:Lists and accounting in collective action networks

This paper studies the roles of accounting in decentralized and unregulated collective action networks. Although the recent past has witnessed a proliferation of social collectives, little is known about accounting in such loose and fluid forms of organizing. While the existence of putatively primitive accountings becomes discernible in some studies on collective action, literature has largely neglected to discuss these in more detail. Taking a conceptual diversion via the format of the list, this paper ascribes such rudimentary and short-lived accounting instantiations a more critical and integrated role in governing the network at large. We develop the notion of commensuration by form to account for the list's dual capacity to convert the world into boxes of equivalent size that can flexibly be reshuffled into new relationships and its ability to serve as an intruder to the world of accounting. The upshot of this perspective, a significant expansion of accounting's non-calculative structuring powers, is demonstrated by an in-depth study of a collective action network formed during the German refugee crisis in 2015. While repertoires of digital and analog lists formed the backbone of the network's infrastructure, we show how their creation, recombination, and growing dispersion constantly provoked arrays of dispersed micro accountings. Even if such accountings interfered with the lists for only a moment, we nevertheless observed their ability to leave more permanent traces by irrevocably residualizing, prioritizing or canceling out items in such lists. We argue that the interplay between listing and accounting is ever more relevant in times when collective organizing is reliant upon digital media technologies that have accelerated the production and circulation of the list as never before in history