Análisis de la gestión administrativa en la Unidad de Gestión Educativa Local N.° 302, Leoncio Prado

Objective: To analyze the administrative management in the Local Educational Management Unit N.° 302, Leoncio Prado. Methods. The research approach was quantitative, while the level was descriptive. A survey was applied to the principals (primary and secondary) that make up the educational staff of the province of Leoncio Prado, who formed the unit of analysis of the study. Results. In the analysis of administrative management, the results were 42.0 % or "regular". Planning yielded results of 46.1 % or "fair". Also, organization yielded results of 47.7 % or "fair". The results for management were 47.2 % or "fair". Finally, the results for control were 47.2 % or "fair". Conclusions. The analysis of the administrative management of the institution was predominantly regular, being the dimensions: planning, organization, direction and control, the ones that presented the greatest deficiencies in the management of the Local Educational Management Unit N.° 302, Leoncio Prado.Objetivo. Analizar la gestión administrativa en la Unidad de Gestión Educativa Local N.° 302, Leoncio Prado. Métodos. El enfoque de investigación fue cuantitativo, mientras que el nivel fue descriptivo. Se aplicó una encuesta a los directores (primaria y secundaria) que conforman el personal educativo de la provincia de Leoncio Prado, quienes formarón la unidad de análisis del estudio. Resultados. En análsiis de la gestión administrativa arrojó resultados del 42,0 % o “regular”. Por su parte, la planeación arrojó resultados del 46,1 % o “regular”. También, la organización arrojó resultados del 47,7 % o “regular”. Referente a la dirección esta arrojó resultados del 47,2 % o “regular”. Finalmente, los resultados del control fueron del 47,2 % o “regular”. Conclusiones. El analisis de la gestión administra de la insttución fue predominantemente regular, siendo las dimensiones: planeación, organización, dirección y control, las que presentaron mayores deficiencias en la gestión de la Unidad de Gestión Educativa Local N.° 302, Leoncio Prado

Differential gene expression and alternative splicing in insect immune specificity

Background: Ecological studies routinely show genotype-genotype interactions between insects and their parasites. The mechanisms behind these interactions are not clearly understood. Using the bumblebee Bombus terrestris/trypanosome Crithidia bombi model system (two bumblebee colonies by two Crithidia strains), we have carried out a transcriptome-wide analysis of gene expression and alternative splicing in bees during C. bombi infection. We have performed four analyses, 1) comparing gene expression in infected and non-infected bees 24 hours after infection by Crithidia bombi, 2) comparing expression at 24 and 48 hours after C. bombi infection, 3) determining the differential gene expression associated with the bumblebee-Crithidia genotype-genotype interaction at 24 hours after infection and 4) determining the alternative splicing associated with the bumblebee-Crithidia genotype-genotype interaction at 24 hours post infection. Results: We found a large number of genes differentially regulated related to numerous canonical immune pathways. These genes include receptors, signaling pathways and effectors. We discovered a possible interaction between the peritrophic membrane and the insect immune system in defense against Crithidia. Most interestingly, we found differential expression and alternative splicing of immunoglobulin related genes (Dscam and Twitchin) are associated with the genotype-genotype interactions of the given bumblebee colony and Crithidia strain. Conclusions: In this paper we have shown that the expression and alternative splicing of immune genes is associated with specific interactions between different host and parasite genotypes in this bumblebee/trypanosome model

The effect of protective covers on pollinator health and pollination service delivery

Protective covers (i.e., glasshouses, netting enclosures, and polytunnels) are increasingly used in crop production to enhance crop quality, yield, and production efficiency. However, many protected crops require insect pollinators to achieve optimal pollination and there is no consensus about how best to manage pollinators and crop pollination in these environments. We conducted a systematic literature review to synthesise knowledge about the effect of protective covers on pollinator health and pollination services and identified 290 relevant studies. Bees were the dominant taxon used in protected systems (90%), represented by eusocial bees (e.g., bumble bees (Bombus spp.), honey bees (Apis spp.), stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini)) and solitary bees (e.g., Amegilla spp., Megachile spp., and Osmia spp.). Flies represented 9% of taxa and included Calliphoridae, Muscidae, and Syrphidae. The remaining 1% of taxa was represented by Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. Of the studies that assessed pollination services, 96% indicate that pollinators were active on the crop and/or their visits resulted in improved fruit production compared with flowers not visited by insects (i.e., insect visits prevented, or flowers were self- or mechanically pollinated). Only 20% of studies evaluated pollinator health. Some taxa, such as mason or leafcutter bees, and bumble bees can function well in covered environments, but the effect of covers on pollinator health was negative in over 50% of the studies in which health was assessed. Negative effects included decreased reproduction, adult mortality, reduced forager activity, and increased disease prevalence. These effects may have occurred as a result of changes in temperature/humidity, light quality/quantity, pesticide exposure, and/or reduced access to food resources. Strategies reported to successfully enhance pollinator health and efficiency in covered systems include: careful selection of bee hive location to reduce heat stress and improve dispersal through the crop; increased floral diversity; deploying appropriate numbers of pollinators; and manipulation of flower physiology to increase attractiveness to pollinating insects. To improve and safeguard crop yields in pollinator dependent protected cropping systems, practitioners need to ensure that delivery of crop pollination services is compatible with suitable conditions for pollinator health

Understanding the complexity of disease-climate interactions for rice bacterial panicle blight under tropical conditions

Bacterial panicle blight (BPB) caused by Burkholderia glumae is one of the main concerns for rice production in the Americas since bacterial infection can interfere with the grain-filling process and under severe conditions can result in high sterility. B. glumae has been detected in several rice-growing areas of Colombia and other countries of Central and Andean regions in Latin America, although evidence of its involvement in decreasing yield under these conditions is lacking. Analysis of different parameters in trials established in three rice-growing areas showed that, despite BPB presence, severity did not explain the sterility observed in fields. PCR tests for B. glumae confirmed low infection in all sites and genotypes, only 21.4% of the analyzed samples were positive for B. glumae. Climate parameters showed that Montería and Saldaña registered maximum temperature above 34°C, minimum temperature above 23°C, and Relative Humidity above 80%, conditions that favor the invasion model described for this pathogen in Asia. Our study found that in Colombia, minimum temperature above 23°C during 10 days after flowering is the condition that correlates with disease incidence. Therefore, this correlation, and the fact that Montería and Saldaña had a higher level of infected samples according to PCR tests, high minimum temperature, but not maximum temperature, seems to be determinant for B. glumae colonization under studied field conditions. This knowledge is a solid base line to design strategies for disease control, and is also a key element for breeders to develop strategies aimed to decrease the effect of B. glumae and high night-temperature on rice yield under tropical conditions

GZI index for the file with copy number variation events relative to the bean reference genome v2.1

GZI index for the file with copy number variation events relative to the bean reference genome v2.1. This file was generated using the bgzip tool (http://www.htslib.org/doc/tabix.html

Bean variation catalog relative to the reference genome v2.1

Bean variation catalog relative to the reference genome v2.1. See README.txt file for instructions on how to perform different filters of this VCF file using NGSE

TBI index for the file with copy number variation events relative to the bean reference genome v2.1

TBI index for the file with copy number variation events relative to the bean reference genome v2.1. This file was generated using the tabix tool (http://www.htslib.org/doc/tabix.html

Merging of regions identified as repetitive in the reference genome v2.1

Catalog of regions marked as repetitive in the softmasked version of the bean reference genome v2.1, or marked as repetitive by NGSEP, based on Illumina reads from G19833 with non-unique alignments to the reference genome. This is the file provided here containing the largest amount of predicted repetitive regions in the reference genom

Tabix index for the bean variation catalog aligned to the reference genome v2.1

Tabix index for the bean variation catalog aligned to the reference genome v2.1. This file is useful to make quick queries using the tabix tool of htslib (http://www.htslib.org/doc/tabix.html

Regions masked as repetitive in the reference genome v2.1

Catalog of regions marked as repetitive in the softmasked version of the bean reference genome v2.1. See https://phytozome.jgi.doe.gov/pz/portal.html#!info?alias=Org_Pvulgaris for details