Merluzas del mundo (Familia Merlucciidae). Catálogo comentado e ilustrado de las merluzas conocidas

Revisión de la familia Merlucciidae, con todas las especies actualmente aceptadas. Claves de identificación. Dibujos y fotografías de todas ellas, así como de piezas duras (Otolitos, hiomandibulares y Urohiales. A destacar la diferencia existente entre las especies americanas y las euroafricanas(presencia o ausencia de escamas en la membrana nasal).-- 57 pages, 12 colour plates[EN] This is a worldwide catalogue of the family Merlucciidae. Two subfamilies, Macruroninae and Merlucciinae, are recognized comprising four genera, Lyconodes, Lyconus, Macruronus and Merluccius, and 18 species. The following subspecies are proposed: Macruronus novaezelandiae magellanicus Lönnberg, 1907; Merluccius albidus magnoculus Ginsburg, 1954, Merluccius australis polylepis Ginsburg, 1954 and Merluccius polli cadenati Doutre, 1960 and Merluccius merluccius smiridus Rafinesque, 1810. The possibility of one other subspecies, Merluccius merluccius lessepsianus, represents the first record of Merluccius from the Red Sea. Merluccius paradoxus is first recorded from Madagascar. In the introductory chapters, Merlucciidae systematics is debated, justifications for the proposed taxonomic organization are provided, and the characters used for the identifications are discussed. Dichotomous keys are provided in the systematics chapter, enabling the identification of the hakes to the species level. Subfamilies and genera are also defined. The species are arranged in alphabetical order under each subfamily and genus to which they belong. The scientific name appears in bold at the head of each genus and species description, followed by the author, year of first description, and publication. Existing synonyms and FAO common names in English, French and Spanish are also provided. For each species there is an illustration followed by ten sections: description or diagnosis with differential characters; additional information; geographical distribution; habitat and biology; size; fisheries; fishery statistics; state of resources; local names, if any; and bibliographical references (author and year). The review is completed by a series of colour plates showing details of different elements (heads, otoliths, hyomandibulars, urohyals) for a quick and efficient diagnosis of the genera and species of Lyconus, Macruronus and Merluccius[ES] Éste es un catálogo mundial de la familia Merlucciidae. Se presentan dos subfamilias: Macruroninae y Merlucciinae, con cuatro géneros: Lyconodes, Lyconus, Macruronus y Merluccius, debidamente comentadas e ilustradas que incluyen 18 especies. Se proponen las siguientes subespecies: Macruronus novaezelandiae magellanicus Lönnberg, 1907, Merluccius albidus magnoculus Ginsburg, 1954, Merluccius australis polylepis Ginsburg, 1954, Merluccius polli cadenati Doutre, 1960 y Merluccius merluccius smiridus Rafinesque, 1810, así como la posibilidad de la existencia de otra, Merluccius merluccius lessepsianus, que constituiría la primera cita del género Merluccius en el Mar Rojo. Igualmente se lleva a cabo el primer registro de Merluccius paradoxus en Madagascar. En los capítulos introductorios se debate la sistemática de Merlucciidae, justificando la organización taxonómica propuesta, y se discute sobre los caracteres usados para la identificación. En el capítulo sistemático se presentan las claves dicotómicas que permiten identificar los organismos tratados aquí hasta el nivel de especie. Se definen también las subfamilias y los géneros. La descripción de las especies se encabeza con el nombre científico, el autor de la primera descripción y el año de la misma, así como el lugar donde se publicó. Inmediatamente después, si existen, sus sinónimos y los nombres FAO en español, francés e inglés. A continuación se presenta una ilustración de la especie a la que siguen diez apartados: descripción o diagnosis, según el caso, con las características diferenciales, notas complementarias, distribución geográfica (acompañada de un mapa), hábitat y biología, talla, pesquería, nombres locales, si los tiene y, finalmente, las referencias bibliográficas (autor y año), utilizadas en cada caso. Finalmente, el trabajo se complementa con una serie de láminas en color que muestran aspectos y detalles de diferentes elementos (cabezas, otolitos, hiomandibulares, urohiales), que, en conjunto, permiten un rápido y eficaz diagnóstico de las especies de los géneros Lyconus, Macruronus y MerlucciusFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)Peer reviewe

Le besoin de rendre les donnees scientifiques publiquement accessible - preoccupations et solutions possibles

4 pages[EN] The paper argues the necessity to render scientific data available in the public domain in order to prevent loss of knowledge associated with institutional discontinuities and poor archiving and conversely to support higher level analyses of biodiversity and ecosystems, often beyond the original scope of data collection. The concerns of data custodians are discussed, e.g. loss of competitiveness, publication by others, copyright and public acceptability of interpretations. Among the solutions suggested to address these are e.g. delayed public access, aggregation of data; proper use agreement and read-only access. It concludes that such public access policy should be in place for all scientific data collected with public funding.[FR] Ce travail souligne la nécessité de rendre les données scientifiques publiques afin d’éviter la perte des connaissances suite à des discontinuités institutionnelles et des faiblesses d’archivage, mais aussi afin de permettre des analyses plus poussées sur la biodiversité et les écosystèmes, souvent au-delà de ce qui avait été l’objectif initial de l’échantillonnage. Les préoccupations des gardiens de données sont examinés, telles que la perte de compétitivité, le risque de publication par d’autres, le droit d’auteur et l’acceptabilité publique des interprétations. Parmi les solutions proposées en vue de les prendre en compte figurent le retard d’accès public, l’aggrégation des données, des accords appropriés d’utilisation et un accès limité à la lecture. La conclusion est qu’il serait souhaitable d’avoir des politiques en place sanctionnant de telles solutions pour toutes les données scientifiques collectées avec des fonds publics.We thank David Cross for useful comments on the manuscript and the suggestion to stress advantages of data sharing in a dedicated paragraph. This study was supported by the European Commission, DG Research, within the scope of an INCO Accompanying Measure (ICA4-CT-2002-50001, ECOFISH).Peer reviewe

A new redescription of Galeus atlanticus (Vaillant, 1888) (Chondrichthyes: Scyliorhinidae) based on field marks

The Atlantic sawtail catshark, Galeus atlanticus, has long been synonymous with the blackmouth catshark, Galeus melastomus, until the validity of G. atlanticus was resurrected by Muñoz-Chapuli and Ortega (1985). Despite this resurrection, the two species are still often confused because of their close resemblance. Consequently, field characters are proposed to distinguish the two sibling species. In particular, the internal colour of the labial furrows is easily observable on fresh specimens and also on preserved ones in museum collections, since it is blackish in G. atlanticus as opposed to white in G. melastomus. The two Atlanto-Mediterranean species are also compared to the West-African species G. polli.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Asociaciones de peces profundos en el Mediterráneo

[EN] Data collected during the DESEAS survey carried out in three areas of the Mediterranean Sea (Balearic Sea, western and eastern Ionian Sea) were used to describe the structure and spatial distribution of the fish assemblages at depths between 600 and 4000 m. A total of 55 species (8 chondrichthyes and 47 teleost fish) were sampled, 38 of them in the Balearic Sea, 30 in the western Ionian and 37 in the eastern Ionian. Multivariate analysis showed a clear pattern of zonation with depth and geographic area. Three main assemblages were identified across the vertical gradient investigated: on the upper slope around a depth of 600 m, on the middle slope between 800 and 1300 m, and on the lower slope below 1300 m. The geographic characterisation of the ichthyofauna structure was mainly observed on the upper and middle slope. The highest abundance and biomass values were found at depths of 1000-1200 m due to the presence of larger species with high energy requirements, such as Alepocephalusrostratus, Mora moro and Galeus melastomus. On the middle slope, significant differences in the abundance, biomass and mean fish weight were detected between the three areas. Significant differences for these parameters were also shown between the middle and lower slope assemblages. A significant decrease in species richness and diversity was shown with increasing depth, indicating an impoverishment of the megafauna with depth and a higher similarity between the Balearic Sea and the Ionian Sea with regard to the greatest depths. The dominant species on the deepest bottoms were Bathypteroismediterraneus, Chalinura mediterranea and Coryphaenoides guentheri. On the lower slope, the shark Centroscymnuscoelolepis was also found to be relatively abundant off the Balearic Islands, Etmopterusspinax in the eastern Ionian Sea and the teleost fish Cataetyx laticeps throughout the three study areas. The deepest bottoms of the Mediterranean Sea shelter an ichthyofauna dominated by small-medium species living in a food scarce environment in which some large mobile fishes are widespread. The results are discussed in relation to previous studies mostly carried out in the Atlantic and western Mediterranean[ES] A partir de datos recolectados durante la campaña DESEAS, llevada a cabo en tres áreas del mar Mediterráneo (Mar Balear y Iónico occidental y oriental), se describe la estructura y la distribución espacial de las asociaciones de peces entre 600 y 4000 m de profundidad. Se obtuvieron un total de 55 especies (8 condrictrios y 47 peces teleósteos), 38 de los cuales procedían del mar Balear, 30 del Iónico occidental y 37 del oriental. El análisis multivariante de los datos nos muestra un claro patrón en zonación tanto en profundidad como por área geográfica. Se identificaron tres asociaciones principales a través del gradiente batimétrico estudiado: en el talud superior a profundidades alrededor de los 600 m, en el talud medio entre 800 y 1300 m, y en el talud inferior por debajo de los 1300 m. La caracterización geográfica de la estructura de la ictiofauna se observó principalmente en el talud superior y medio. A profundidades comprendidas entre 1000 y 1200 m fue donde se encontraron los mayores valores de biomasa, debido a la presencia de especies más grandes y con mayores requerimientos energéticos como Alepocephalus rostratus, Mora moro y Galeus melastomus. En el talud medio se detectaron diferencias significativas en abundancia, biomasa y peso medio de los peces entre las tres áreas. También se encontraron en las asociaciones de peces diferencias significativas en estos parámetros en el talud superior e inferior. Con el aumento de profundidad se detecta una disminución de la riqueza específica y la diversidad, indicando un empobrecimiento de la magafauna con la profundidad. Sin embargo se observa alta similaridad entre las áreas de estudio y en las máximas profundidades alcanzadas. Las especies dominantes en los fondos más profundos fueron: Bathypterois mediterraneus, Chalinura mediterranea y Coryphaenoides guentheri. En el talud inferior del mar Balear, el tiburón Centroscymnus coelolepis fue también relativamente abundante. Etmopterus spinax en el Iónico oriental y el teleosteo Cataetyx laticeps en las tres áreas de estudio. Los fondos más profundos del Mediterráneo son refugio para una ictiofauna dominada por pequeñas y medianas especies que habitan en en un ambiente escaso de alimento, en el cual solo algunos grandes peces móviles pueden extenderse. Los resultados se discuten en relación a estudios previos llevados a cabo mayoritariamente en el Atlántico y Mediterráneo occidentalThis work was supported by the Directorate General of Fisheries of the European Commission as part of the project DESEAS (Exploratory survey to collect data of the exploited and virgin stocks of deep-sea shrimp A. antennatus, of interest to the CFP - Study Contract nº 2000/39, DGXIV)Peer reviewe

Phylogenetic prospecting for cryptic species of the genus Merluccius (Actinopterygii: Merlucciidae).

Hakes of the genus Merluccius include 11 valid species as well a number of rare morphotypes suspected to be “cryptic species”. Concatenated nucDNA ITS1-rDNA and mtDNA cyt b sequences plus nested ITS1Nes sequences allowed to ascribe 14 specimens of nine rare morphotypes from the South Pacific and the South Atlantic to the phylogenetic backbone of this genus. Bayesian analyses pointed to M. bilinearis and M. albidus as the oldest species of the genus and the New World cluster, respectively. The phylogenetic status of M. angustimanus from the upper Gulf of California suggests its hybrid origin between M. gayi and M. productus from about 0.25 MYA, although an ever since confinement of a subset of those species cannot be ruled out. The molecular phylodiagnostic test suggests a common origin of all rare morphotypes and the absence of cryptic hake species in the Southern Cone. The molecular background of the morphotypes distributed between the Western Pacific South of New Zealand and the western Atlantic South of Argentina is compatible with their hybrid origin between M. gayi and both, M. australis or M. hubbsi, respectively.This research was partially supported with the project LETSHAKE (AGL2013-4846-R) co-funded by MINECO (Ministerio Español de Economía y Competitividad) and EU-FEDER to M.P. as well as with grant (IN607B 2018/14) to M. P. from Xunta de Galicia-Axencia Galega de Innovación. This work was also partly funded with grants from “Consellería de Educación e Ordenación Universitaria Xunta de Galicia (Galician Regional Government) cofunding from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) in the framework of the Operational Program Galicia 2014–2020 (CIM-UVIGO), “A way to build Europe”.Versión del edito

Biogeographical affinities of fish associated to the shrimp trawl fishery in the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexic

18 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables[EN] Fish by-catch of the Gulf of Tehuantepec shrimp fishery is mainly composed of several species that are discarded in their majority. Fish by-catch species composition, distribution and biogeographical affinities were analyzed through 15 cruises carried on the continental shelf at a depth of 12 to 70 m during 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2013. Fish by-catch was represented by 58 families, 129 genera and 242 species. The families Haemulidae, Sciaenidae, Paralichthyidae, Gerreidae and Carangidae accounted for >70% of the catch. Haemulopsis axillaris, Syacium ovale, Selene peruviana, Diapterus peruvianus, Larimus acclivins and Stellifer erycimba were the most frequent species at <40 m depth (inner shelf), and Prionotus stephanophrys, Scorpaena russula, Porichthys analis and Synodus scituliceps were dominant at 40−60 m depth (outer shelf). Analysis of biogeographical affinities showed that 36.1% of species had a wide distribution, from San Diego Province to the Panamic Province, while 13.2% had a restricted distribution in the Mexican and Panamic Provinces. The ichthyofaunal composition was markedly influenced by the local environment and seasonal conditions[ES] En la pesquería del camarón del Golfo de Tehuantepec un gran número de especies de peces se capturan como fauna de acompañamiento y son descartadas. La composición, distribución y afinidades biogeográficas de la ictiofauna acompañante del camarón fue analizada mediante 15 cruceros desarrollados en la plataforma continental entre 15-64 m de profundidad durante 2003, 2004, 2005 y 2013. La ictiofauna descartada estuvo representada por 58 familias, 129 géneros y 242 especies. Las familias, Haemulidae, Sciaenidae, Paralichthyidae, Gerreidae y Carangidae aportaron más del 70 % de la captura. Haemulopsis axillaris, Syacium ovale, Selene peruviana, Diapterus peruvianus, Larimus acclivins y Stellifer erycimba fueron las especies más frecuentes en profundidades menores de 40 m (plataforma interna), mientras que Prionotus stephanophrys, Scorpaena russula, Porichthys analis y Synodus scituliceps, fueron dominantes entre 40-60 m de profundidad 698 (plataforma externa). El análisis de las afinidades biogeográficas mostró que el 36.1 % de las especies son de amplia distribución desde la provincia de San Diego a la Panámica, mientras que el 13.2 %, presentó una distribución restringida entre la provincia Mexicana y la Panámica. La composición de la ictiofauna estuvo marcadamente influenciada por las condiciones ambientales locales y sus variaciones estacionalesThis study was partially supported by the Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (PAPIIT), Grant IN211214-2Peer Reviewe

Exploring diversity and distribution of demersal fish species from the Northern Alboran Sea and Gulf of Vera (Western Mediterranean Sea)

The Alboran Sea is a transition region between the Mediterranean basin and the Atlantic Ocean containing a mix of Mediterranean and Atlantic species. The Strait of Gibraltar, at the west end of the Alboran Sea, connects the Mediterranean with the Atlantic Ocean. The Gulf of Vera also occupies a strategic location in the Western Mediterranean, representing a transition zone between the Alboran Sea and the rest of the basins with a more distinctive Mediterranean character. The Alboran Sea is one of the most productive areas of the Mediterranean, in contrast to the Gulf of Vera that displays a more oligotrophic character. Despite of the interest of the study area the information about the distribution of demersal fishes is scarce. In the present study, the main aim is to analyse diversity and distribution of demersal fish species of circalittoral and bathyal soft bottoms of the Alboran Sea (with a higher Atlantic influence and primary production) and the Gulf of Vera (with a higher Mediterranean influence and lower primary production). Sampling was carried out in the scientific trawl survey MEDITS (International bottom trawl survey in the Mediterranean) between 30 and 800 m depth. All samples were taken from Estepona and Cabo de Palos between 1994-2015 in the Alboran Sea and between 1995-2008 and 2014-2015 in the Gulf of Vera. (Figure 1). A total of 818 samples (687 from Alboran and 131 from Vera) were considered for this study. For each haul, the abundance and weight of individuals per fish species were standardised to 1 hour towing in order to calculate both species abundance (number of individuals per 1 hour towing) (ind•h−1) and biomass (g•h−1). In order to identify fish assemblages, ordination and classification multivariate methods using fish species abundance and biomass per haul matrices were applied. Prior to analyses, all data were logarithmically transformed using log(x + 1) to minimise the weighting of extreme abundance or biomass values of certain species. An analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) was carried out for statistical comparisons of groups of samples according to the different factors considered (depth, Alboran vs. Vera). Species rarefaction curves were used to compare the species richness values of each fish assemblage. In addition, for each group, Shannon-Wiener (H’) and Taxonomic distinctness (Δ*) diversity indices were calculated. For comparisons of the mean values of the considered variables (abundance, biomass and diversity indices) across the identified assemblages and years, we used a non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test. A total of 231 fish species have been identified considering all samples, with 215 spp. collected from Alboran (3 classes, 25 orders and 75 families) and 160 spp.. from Vera (2 classes, 21 orders and 67 families), probably because the number of samples in the latter were lower. The number of occasional species, considering those that were captured only in 1 or 2 samples, were 56 in Alboran and 44 in Vera. The multivariate analyses (nMDS) indicated that depth is the main factor that determines the distribution of species in both areas, with four groups of samples displaying significant differences between them (ANOSIM-Alboran: R=0.85, p=0.001; ANOSIM-Vera: R=0.81, p=0.001). These groups were similar in both areas: Inner continental shelf (30-100 m), Outer continental shelf (101-200 m), Upper continental slope (201-500 m) and Middle continental slope (501-800 m) (Figures 2 and 3). Regarding the faunistic comparison between Alboran and Vera, the most acute differences were found between those samples from the Middle continental slope. These differences were evident for abundance (ANOSIM: R=0.81, p=0.001), biomass (ANOSIM: R=0.78, p=0.001) and species composition (presence-absence data) (ANOSIM: R=0.61, p=0.001). The trends for species rarefaction curves with depth was similar in both areas, with similar curves for the Inner and Outer continental shelf , a decrease of the species number for the Upper slope and finally the lowest number of species for the Middle slope. Likewise, the mean values of abundance, Shannon and Taxonomic indices also showed a similar pattern in both areas. Mean abundances differed significantly between assemblages increasing from the Inner shelf to Outer shelf and decreasing abruptly to the Upper and Lower slope (.minimum values). The Shannon diversity index showed significant differences in Alboran, but not in Vera, with minima in the Outer shelf in both areas. The taxonomic index also displayed significant differences in Alboran and Vera, with low values in the Inner shelf that increased abruptly to the Outer shelf and Upper slope, with a further acute increase in the Middle slope. Unlike for the other indexes, trends for mean the biomass values with depth were different in both areas. In Alboran biomass decreased from the Inner shelf to the Upper slope and increased to the Middle slope. Nevertheless, in Vera the biomass decreased with depth, with significant differences. In two sectors were evident significant differences. Regarding the interannual changes, the differences between years in Alboran were significant respect to species richness, abundance, biomass and Shannon diversity index. No clear increase or decrease trend was detected interannually. Unlike Alboran, in Vera, no significant interannual differences were detected. In conclusion: 1) Four main fish assemblages were detected on the continental shelf and slope in both areas that seem to be strongly linked to the depth gradient. 2) The middle slope showed the higher differences between both areas for abundance, biomass and presence-abundance data. 3) The species rarefaction curves, abundance, Shannon and Taxonomic diversity indices showed similar patterns with depth in both areas. Biomass index showed a different pattern, with maximum values in the Middle slope in Alboran and minimum ones in Vera

Sinking Jelly-Carbon Unveils Potential Environmental Variability along a Continental Margin

Particulate matter export fuels benthic ecosystems in continental margins and the deep sea, removing carbon from the upper ocean. Gelatinous zooplankton biomass provides a fast carbon vector that has been poorly studied. Observational data of a large-scale benthic trawling survey from 1994 to 2005 provided a unique opportunity to quantify jelly-carbon along an entire continental margin in the Mediterranean Sea and to assess potential links with biological and physical variables. Biomass depositions were sampled in shelves, slopes and canyons with peaks above 1000 carcasses per trawl, translating to standing stock values between 0.3 and 1.4 mg C m2 after trawling and integrating between 30,000 and 175,000 m2 of seabed. The benthopelagic jelly-carbon spatial distribution from the shelf to the canyons may be explained by atmospheric forcing related with NAO events and dense shelf water cascading, which are both known from the open Mediterranean. Over the decadal scale, we show that the jelly-carbon depositions temporal variability paralleled hydroclimate modifications, and that the enhanced jelly-carbon deposits are connected to a temperature-driven system where chlorophyll plays a minor role. Our results highlight the importance of gelatinous groups as indicators of large-scale ecosystem change, where jelly-carbon depositions play an important role in carbon and energy transport to benthic systems

Concert extraordinari pro Mèxic

Programa del concert extraordinari pro Mèxic que va tenir lloc el 5 de gener de 1986 al Gran Teatre del Liceu. S'hi van interpretar fragments de "Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg" de R. Wagner, "La Sonnambula" de V. Bellini, "Nabucco", "Otello", "Rigoletto", "Macbeth", "Luisa Miller" i "Simon Boccanegra" de G. Verdi, "Manon Lescaut", "Turandot" i "La Bohème" de G. Puccini, "Andrea Chénier" d'U. Giordano, i "L'ultima canzone" i "Non t'amo più" de F. P. Tosti. Hi van participar E. Lloris, P. Domingo, F. Furlanetto, G. Di Stefano, A. Kraus, J. Pons, J. Ruiz, T. Zylis-Gara i M. FreniOrquestra del Gran Teatre del Liceu dirigida per Placido Domingo, Romano Gandolfi, Antoni Ros-Marbà i Maximiliano Valdé

100 años investigando el mar. El IEO en su centenario (1914-2014).

Se trata de un libro que pretende divulgar a la sociedad las principales investigaciones multidisciplinares llevadas a cabo por el Instituto Español de Oceanografía durante su primer siglo de vida, y dar a conocer la historia del organismo, de su Sede Central y de los nueve centros oceanográficos repartidos por los litorales mediterráneo y atlántico, en la península y archipiélagos.Kongsberg 20