Ingeniería kansei aplicada a un estudio referido a cinco maderas comerciales de Chile

Abstract This research had the objective to know the emotional perception of designers about the five most sold commercial woods in Chile, to establish conclusions referred to perceived quality. The study seeks to assess comparative and hierarchical preferential valuations among species and learn about relevant visual characteristics of wood with influence in user satisfaction. Usually, the eligibility criteria for aesthetic applications is focused on the designer, assigning him/her the task of making decisions to devise spatial configurations designed to meet end users requirements, who are making use of these facilities. Through this study, the designer acquires new useful information to assess emotions the living space could cause in future occupants, based on the use of wood species. The methodological foundation focuses on kansei engineering application, a discipline responsible of establishing relationships between the emotions that a given stimulus generates in human beings, in this case, the presence of wood. The study was carried out on an intentional non-probabilistic sample of experts from the design area, using survey with quantifiable options and structured questions according to semantic axes. As result, the answers obtained were referred to wood valuations and a data collection method that can be extrapolated to studies related to other types of commercial wood was generated. The specific conclusion is that dark, knotless woods are better valued emotionally by users.Resumen Esta investigación tuvo como propósito conocer la percepción emocional que los proyectistas tienen en relación con la madera de las cinco especies comerciales más vendidas de Chile, para establecer conclusiones referidas a su calidad percibida. El estudio busca definir valoraciones comparativas y jerárquicas preferenciales entre las especies y conocer las cualidades superficiales relevantes de la madera que influyen en la satisfacción usuaria. Regularmente, los criterios de elegibilidad para aplicaciones estéticas se centran en el proyectista, correspondiéndole tomar decisiones para idear configuraciones espaciales destinadas a satisfacer a los usuarios finales. A través de este estudio, el proyectista adquiere nueva información útil para valorar las emociones que el espacio habitable podría provocar en sus futuros ocupantes, basado en la utilización de la madera de estas especies. El fundamento metodológico se centra en la aplicación de la ingeniería kansei, disciplina encargada de establecer las relaciones entre las emociones que un determinado estímulo genera en los seres humanos, en este caso, la presencia de la madera. Se realizó un estudio a una muestra no probabilística intencionada de expertos del área proyectual, mediante uso de cuestionarios con opciones cuantificables y preguntas estructuradas acorde con ejes semánticos. Como resultado se obtuvieron respuestas relativas a las valoraciones de las maderas y se generó un método de recogida de datos extrapolable a estudios relativos a otros tipos de maderas comerciales. La conclusión específica consiste en que las maderas oscuras y sin nudos son mejor valoradas emocionalmente por los usuarios

Descripción del cambio del TEL al TDL en contexto angloparlante

El Trastorno Específico del Lenguaje (TEL) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo que afecta aproximadamente a un 7% de la población y que compromete a la expresión y/o comprensión del lenguaje oral. Sin embargo, es un trastorno muy desconocido para la población general. Uno de los factores que lo explican es la gran dispersión terminológica que diferentes profesionales y manuales de diagnóstico han utilizado para designarlo. Ante el gran desconocimiento del trastorno y la confusión generada a nivel profesional respecto a la nomenclatura y los criterios diagnósticos Bishop et al. (2016, 2017) llevaron a cabo dos estudios a través del método Delphi en el que participaron diferentes investigadores, profesionales del TEL así como personas de asociaciones de familiares del ámbito angloparlante (consorcio CATALISE). Las principales conclusiones fueron la apuesta por el cambio terminológico hacia el Trastorno del Desarrollo del Lenguaje (TDL) así como unos criterios de diagnósticos que enfatizan en las dificultades funcionales que genera el trastorno y en su pronóstico. En el presente artículo se hace una revisión exhaustiva de todas las implicaciones que los resultados de estos estudios tienen en la conceptualización, la evaluación y la intervención del trastorno. En el ámbito hispanohablante es necesario que se lleve a cabo un trabajo de reflexión y consenso que acuerde la nomenclatura y los criterios de diagnósticos para adaptarlos/ajustarlos al contexto sociocultural y lingüístico de todos los países de habla hispana

The High-Altitude water cherenkov (HAWC) observatory in México: The primary detector

The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory is a second-generation continuously operated, wide field-of-view, TeV gamma-ray observatory. The HAWC observatory and its analysis techniques build on experience of the Milagro experiment in using ground-based water Cherenkov detectors for gamma-ray astronomy. HAWC is located on the Sierra Negra volcano in México at an elevation of 4100 meters above sea level. The completed HAWC observatory principal detector (HAWC) consists of 300 closely spaced water Cherenkov detectors, each equipped with four photomultiplier tubes to provide timing and charge information to reconstruct the extensive air shower energy and arrival direction. The HAWC observatory has been optimized to observe transient and steady emission from sources of gamma rays within an energy range from several hundred GeV to several hundred TeV. However, most of the air showers detected are initiated by cosmic rays, allowing studies of cosmic rays also to be performed. This paper describes the characteristics of the HAWC main array and its hardware.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Básicas::Facultad de Ciencias::Escuela de Físic

Search for intermediate-mass black hole binaries in the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo

International audienceIntermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) span the approximate mass range 100−105 M⊙, between black holes (BHs) that formed by stellar collapse and the supermassive BHs at the centers of galaxies. Mergers of IMBH binaries are the most energetic gravitational-wave sources accessible by the terrestrial detector network. Searches of the first two observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo did not yield any significant IMBH binary signals. In the third observing run (O3), the increased network sensitivity enabled the detection of GW190521, a signal consistent with a binary merger of mass ∼150 M⊙ providing direct evidence of IMBH formation. Here, we report on a dedicated search of O3 data for further IMBH binary mergers, combining both modeled (matched filter) and model-independent search methods. We find some marginal candidates, but none are sufficiently significant to indicate detection of further IMBH mergers. We quantify the sensitivity of the individual search methods and of the combined search using a suite of IMBH binary signals obtained via numerical relativity, including the effects of spins misaligned with the binary orbital axis, and present the resulting upper limits on astrophysical merger rates. Our most stringent limit is for equal mass and aligned spin BH binary of total mass 200 M⊙ and effective aligned spin 0.8 at 0.056 Gpc−3 yr−1 (90% confidence), a factor of 3.5 more constraining than previous LIGO-Virgo limits. We also update the estimated rate of mergers similar to GW190521 to 0.08 Gpc−3 yr−1.Key words: gravitational waves / stars: black holes / black hole physicsCorresponding author: W. Del Pozzo, e-mail: [email protected]† Deceased, August 2020

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/‘proxy’ AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/‘proxy’ AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele