Stages of goodwill`s reproduction

Метою статті є теоретичне обґрунтування сутності циклічності і складу стадій відтворення гудвілу підприємства. Під відтворенням ресурсів пропонується розуміти безперервний процес відновлення їх споживчих якостей. Обґрунтовано, що процес відтворення гудвілу в загальному випадку складається з двох стадій (етапів): створення (оновлення) та зносу гудвілу. З метою співставлення двох характеристик циклічності відтворення – часу й обсягу – запропоновано використовувати показники швидкості і прискорення зносу, що дозволяє обґрунтувати управлінські рішення.Целью статьи является теоретическое обоснование сущности цикличности и состава стадий воспроизводства гудвила предприятия. Под воспроизводством ресурсов предлагается понимать непрерывный процесс возобновления их потребительских свойств. Обосновано, что процесс воспроизводства НМР состоит из двух стадий (этапов): создание (обновление) и износа гудвила. С целью сопоставления двух характеристик цикличности воспроизводства - времени и объема - предложено использовать показатели скорости и ускорения износа, что позволяет обосновать управленческие решения.The article aims to study a theoretical justification cyclical nature and composition stages of goodwill’s reproduction. The reproduction of resources is the process of continuous recovery of consumer qualities. The goodwill’s reproduction consists of two stages: creation (update) and wear of goodwill. The stages of costs goodwill’s reproduction are expenditures on creation (update) and costs recovery (depreciation of goodwill). Proposed to use indicators of wears speed and acceleration, allowing activities to justify manage your observations

The essence and types of mechanisms in the economy

В статті розглянуто сутність поняття механізм в економіці. Окремо розглянуто такі складові господарського механізму, як економічний, організаційний та організаційно-економічний механізми. Під організаційно-економічним механізмом управління пропонується розуміти сукупність управлінських дій спрямованих на організацію взаємодії між елементами системи з метою досягнення їх економічних інтересів із врахуванням особливостей зовнішнього та внутрішнього середовища.В статье рассмотрены сущность понятия механизм в экономике. Отдельно рассмотрены такие составляющие хозяйственного механизма, как экономический, организационный и организационно-экономический механизмы. Под организационно-экономическим механизмом управления предлагается понимать совокупность управленческих действий, направленных на организацию взаимодействия между элементами системы с целью достижения их экономических интересов с учетом особенностей внешней и внутренней среды.The paper considers essence of economic mechanism. The object and subject of the article is the theoretical and methodological foundations of organizational and economic mechanisms for managing the activities of enterprises. Separately considered such components of the economic mechanism, as the economic, institutional, organizational and economic mechanisms. As the economic mechanism proposed defined as the combination, the system elements impact on the economic interests of economic entities, which takes into account the peculiarities of its external and internal environment. As the organizational and economic mechanism of management proposed defined as the combination of administrative actions aimed for the organization interaction between elements of the system in order to achieve their economic interests taking into account features of external and internal environment

Problem of definition of economic efficiency

У статті проаналізовано різні трактування теоретичної сутності понять «ефект», «ефективність», «результат», «результативність». Охарактеризували еволюцію теоретичних підходів до визначення сутності «ефективності», як індикатору розвитку господарської діяльності. Систематизовано існуючі підходи до визначення ефективності в трактуванні різних авторів. Доведено тотожність понять «ефект» та «результат». Здійснено критичний аналіз підходів вчених-економістів щодо визначення змістовного наповнення понять «ефективність» та «результативність». Доведено тотожність понять «ефективність» та «результативність» на основі чого запропоновано авторське визначення їх сутності. Систематизовано та охарактеризовано основні підходи до оцінки ефективності діяльності підприємств. Визначено складність та багатоаспектність економічного поняття «ефективність» та зосереджено увагу на актуальності подальшого дослідження теоретико-методичних та практичних аспектів формування механізму управління ефективністю господарської діяльності підприємств в умовах нестабільного зовнішнього середовища.В статье проанализированы различные подходы к теоретической сущности понятий «эффект», «эффективность», «результат», «результативность». Охарактеризовано эволюцию теоретических подходов к определению сущности «эффективности», как индикатора развития хозяйственной деятельности. Систематизированы существующие подходы к определению эффективности в понимании разных авторов. Доказано тождество понятий «эффект» и «результат». Осуществлен критический анализ подходов ученых-экономистов к определению содержательного наполнения понятий «эффективность» и «результативность». Доказано тождество понятий «эффективность» и «результативность» на основе чего предложено авторское определение их сущности. Систематизированы и охарактеризованы основные подходы к оценке эффективности деятельности предприятий. Обоснована сложность и многоаспектность экономического понятия «эффективность», сосредоточено внимание на актуальности дальнейшего исследования теоретико-методических и практических аспектов формирования механизма управления эффективностью хозяйственной деятельности предприятий в условиях нестабильной внешней среды.The article analyzes the different interpretations of the essence of theoretical concepts of «effect», «efficiency», «result», «performance». We characterized the evolution of theoretical approaches to defining the essence of "effectiveness" as an indicator of economic activity. Systematized existing approaches to determining effectiveness in the treatment of various authors. Proved the identity of the concepts of "effect" and "results". Accomplished the critical analysis of scientists’ and economists’ approaches to determination of "efficiency" and "performance". Proved the identity of the concepts of "efficiency" and "performance" based on what prompted the author definition of their nature. Systematized and characterized the main approaches to assessing the efficiency of enterprises. Determined complex and multidimensional nature of economic "efficiency" and focused on the importance of further research the methodological, theoretical and practical aspects of the formation mechanism of performance management business enterprises in an unstable environment

Measurement of Low Concentrations of Hydrogen in Oxygen By Using Sensors Based on MIS-structures

It is shown that the possibility of using MIS-sensors as sensitive elements of gas analyzers for monitoring the concentration of hydrogen in the range of 5–10−5... 1% in oxygen. The article reports on the possibility of measuring low concentrations of hydrogen (0.5... 10 ppm) in oxygen using a MIS-sensor (metalinsulator-semiconductor)

Foam-like compression behavior of fibrin networks

The rheological properties of fibrin networks have been of long-standing interest. As such there is a wealth of studies of their shear and tensile responses, but their compressive behavior remains unexplored. Here, by characterization of the network structure with synchronous measurement of the fibrin storage and loss moduli at increasing degrees of compression, we show that the compressive behavior of fibrin networks is similar to that of cellular solids. A non-linear stress-strain response of fibrin consists of three regimes: 1) an initial linear regime, in which most fibers are straight, 2) a plateau regime, in which more and more fibers buckle and collapse, and 3) a markedly non-linear regime, in which network densification occurs {{by bending of buckled fibers}} and inter-fiber contacts. Importantly, the spatially non-uniform network deformation included formation of a moving "compression front" along the axis of strain, which segregated the fibrin network into compartments with different fiber densities and structure. The Young's modulus of the linear phase depends quadratically on the fibrin volume fraction while that in the densified phase depends cubically on it. The viscoelastic plateau regime corresponds to a mixture of these two phases in which the fractions of the two phases change during compression. We model this regime using a continuum theory of phase transitions and analytically predict the storage and loss moduli which are in good agreement with the experimental data. Our work shows that fibrin networks are a member of a broad class of natural cellular materials which includes cancellous bone, wood and cork

Changes in gray forest soil organic matter pools under anthropogenic load in agrocenoses

Received: August 6th, 2023 ; Accepted: September 30th, 2023 ; Published: October 24th, 2023 ; Correspondence: [email protected] relevance of research is determined by a complex of factors that shape the change in the humus system of gray forest soil dynamics (content, total reserves, values variability of labile and stable humus pools, humification processes direction) under the influence of mineral fertilizers and chemical reclamation in the long-term ecotope conditions. The purpose of the research was to assess the impact of systematic anthropogenic loading on changes in soil organic matter pools. Research methods included long-term stationary studies, laboratory determination of organic matter content and humus group composition, and statistical data analysis. It has been proven that liming practically did not contribute to the increase of the total humus content, however, due to the coagulating effect, certain changes in labile and more stable forms of humus substances occurred in its qualitative composition. It has been established that the cultivation of crops сultivation in crop rotation with a purely mineral fertilizer system did not lead to a significant organic matter accumulation in the soil, despite the increase in crop yield levels under appropriate conditions and the accumulation of a larger vegetative mass of root and post-harvest residues entering the soil, but its losses were significantly reduced. The use of organic components (green manure, by-products) in combination with moderate rates of mineral fertilizers on a liming background (humus content 1.63%), provided a clear tendency to expand humus reproduction by 0.16%, compared to the initial level, and by 15% and 12% more than in the version with no fertilizers and just mineral system. Under such a fertilizing system, there is a tendency to increase more stable humic acids. The increase in humification of organic matter was achieved through the application of fertilizers in limed backgrounds. In this case, the humus formation type exhibited characteristics of humate-fulvate, with a value of 0.9, which is characteristic of soils of forest origin in the northern Forest-Steppe region with the presence of soil-forming factors specific to that territory. The article materials are of practical value for agricultural producers in the development of an innovative strategy for preserving the environment safety, and soil fertility under the influence of elements of energy-saving technologies for crops

INDICATORS OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

The article presents the results of the discovery of violation of concentration of prostaglandins and endothelial factors in the blood of pregnant women with gestational diabetes, depending on the nature of the compensation of the disease.The article presents the results of the discovery of violation of concentration of prostaglandins and endothelial factors in the blood of pregnant women with gestational diabetes, depending on the nature of the compensation of the disease

Efficiency of technology elements for growing winter wheat on typical chernozem

Received: March 15th, 2023 ; Accepted: July 17th, 2023 ; Published: September 1st, 2023 ; Correspondence: [email protected] use of traditional tillage technologies in short-rotational crop rotations increases the cost of agricultural production and has a negative impact on the environment. The research was aimed at establishing and improving the ways winter wheat yield increase in short-rotational crop rotations depending on the efficiency of the main tillage system and fertilizing on typical chernozems s in conditions of unstable moisture in the Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted at the Department of Agrochemistry National Scientific Centre Institute of Agriculture of National Academy of Agricultural Scienses at the Panfil Research Station of the National Scientific Center Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences in a stationary technological experiment, on typical low-humus chernozem in 2 short rotation crop rotations with the following crops rotation: crop rotation 1 - winter rape (Brassica napus L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L), grain maize (Zea mays), spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L); crop rotation 2 - soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L). The article presents the results of research in two short-rotation crop rotations with the placement of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) after winter rape (Brassica napus L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) against the background of two tillage systems: ploughing (25–27 cm) and no-till (direct sowing). The impact of different methods of soil cultivation and fertilizing systems on the humus content and nutrient regime of typical chernozems in the agrocenosis of winter wheat was determined. It was established that in winter wheat, placed after winter rapeseed and soybeans, there is a tendency to increase the humus content under zero tillage up to 15% relative to the control (without fertilizers) and from 5–14% relative to moldboard tillage (25–27 cm ploughing). The most effective in nutrient accumulation was fertilizing system N(90)P2О5(90)K2О(90) applied after rape and after soybean. Respectively, the content of mobile phosphorus compounds increased by 10–18% and potassium by 1.3–2.0 times compared to the control (without fertilizers) with the advantage of no-tillcultivation technology. The given comparative assessment of the yield formation of winter wheat when growing it after different pre-crops showed that the average yield of winter wheat grain in both cultivations on the control option for the soybean pre-crop was 3.55 t ha-1 and 4.00 t ha-1 for rape. The highest increases in grain yield on average over the years of research were provided by the fertilizing system of 50–54% (N(90)P2О5(90)K2О(90)) for growing winter wheat after soybeans and 39–47% (N(90)P2О5(90) K2О(90)) on the winter rape pre-crop with the advantage of moldboard tillage (ploughing) in crop cultivation technologies. The fertilizing system with the introduction of N(16)P2О(16)K2О(16) has the prospect of spreading because, in terms of the formation of typical indicators of chernozem fertility and the yield of winter wheat grain, it approaches technologies with the introduction of N(120)P2О5(90–60)K2О(100–90) with significant cost savings for mineral fertilizers