Individual fostering as developmental task for all-day secondary schools

Seit 2009/10 haben 30 Schulen im Projekt "Ganz In" den Schulbetrieb vom Halb- zum Ganztag mit dem Ziel der individuellen Förderung umgebaut. Die Frage ist, welche Entwicklungen sich bei der Realisierung der individuellen Förderung abzeichnen und welche Herausforderungen sich stellen. Anhand von Berichten werden Entwicklungen von zwei Schulen exemplarisch nachgezeichnet. (DIPF/Orig.)Since 2009/10, 30 secondary schools in the research project "Ganz In" reorganize themselves from half-day into all-day schooling. They concentrate on the implementation of individual support and its challenges. Reports of the schools will be used to trace the developmental process. (DIPF/Orig.

Articulação da cultura de paz e gestão escolar: Contribuições de um estudo de revisão sistemática

This study aimed to identify and discuss national academic productions from the perspective of Culture and Education for Peace, emphasizing the training of educational managers. The methodology adopted was an integrative systematic review, and the research was conducted on the Portal de Periódicos da Capes. No specific time frame was delimited. After the articles were read, the results were organized into three categories: The materialization of violence in the school context; Forming for transformation: alternatives for addressing violence; and School management and family: reducing spaces of violence. In summary, the studies revealed considerations regarding various types of violence in the daily life of schools. It was also observed that there is a limited number of works that link the Culture of Peace with the training of school managers and underscored the importance of the management's collaboration with the school team and families.Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo identificar y discutir las producciones académicas nacionales en la perspectiva de Cultura y Educación para la Paz, con énfasis en la formación de gestores educativos. Como metodología, se asumió una revisión sistemática integradora y la investigación se realizó en el Portal de Periódicos da Capes. No se delimitó ningún período de tiempo. Después de la lectura de los artículos, los resultados fueron organizados en tres categorías: La materialización de la violencia en el contexto escolar; Educar para transformar: alternativas para el enfrentamiento a la violencia; y Gestión escolar y familia: reduciendo los espacios de violencia. En síntesis, en los trabajos se evidenciaron consideraciones sobre algunos tipos de violencia presentes en el cotidiano escolar, además de verificar la incipiencia de trabajos que articulan la Cultura de Paz con la formación de gestores escolares y la importancia de la actuación de la dirección en colaboración con el equipo escolar y las familias.Este trabalho objetivou identificar e discutir produções acadêmicas nacionais sobre a perspectiva da Cultura e Educação para a Paz, com ênfase na formação de gestores educacionais. Como metodologia assumiu-se a revisão sistemática integrativa e a investigação ocorreu no Portal de Periódicos da Capes. Não foi delimitado período temporal. Após a leitura dos artigos, os resultados foram organizados em três categorias: A materialização das violências no contexto escolar; Formar para transformar: alternativas para o enfrentamento da violência; e Gestão escolar e família: diminuindo os espaços da violência. Em síntese, evidenciou-se nos trabalhos considerações acerca de alguns tipos de violência presente no dia a dia da escola, além de constatar-se a incipiência de trabalhos que articulam a Cultura de Paz com a formação de gestores escolares e a importância da atuação da gestão em parceria com a equipe escolar e famílias

Esplenectomia: perfil epidemiológico, indicações e complicações pós-operatórias em hospital do Rio Grande do Sul

Objetivo: descrever o perfil epidemiológico, as indicações e complicações pós-operatórias de pacientes submetidos à esplenectomia. Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado por meio de coleta de dados em prontuários de pacientes submetidos a esplenectomia entre 2015 e 2019 em um hospital terciário. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 57 pacientes, com idade média de 33,4 anos (+-19,9), a maioria crianças/adolescentes (33,3%), do sexo masculino (57,9%), solteiros (57,9%), de religião católica (80,7%), atuantes no setor terciário do mercado de trabalho (43,9%), ensino fundamental incompleto (42,1%), procedentes de outras cidades, que não Passo Fundo (66,7%). A principal indicação para esplenectomia foi o acometimento de Púrpura Trombocitopênica Idiopática (33,3%) e a principal alteração pós-operatória associada foi a leucocitose persistente (25%). Conclusões: a esplenectomia é mais comum em crianças/adolescentes, sexo masculino e tem como principal indicação o Púrpura Trombocitopênica Idiopática conforme maioria dos estudo e apresenta alterações pouco frequentemente e, quando presentes, estão relacionadas a leucocitose persistente

Plasma Lipocalin 2 in Alzheimer’s disease: potential utility in the differential diagnosis and relationship with other biomarkers

Background Lipocalin-2 is a glycoprotein that is involved in various physiological and pathophysiological processes. In the brain, it is expressed in response to vascular and other brain injury, as well as in Alzheimer's disease in reactive microglia and astrocytes. Plasma Lipocalin-2 has been proposed as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease but available data is scarce and inconsistent. Thus, we evaluated plasma Lipocalin-2 in the context of Alzheimer's disease, differential diagnoses, other biomarkers, and clinical data. Methods For this two-center case-control study, we analyzed Lipocalin-2 concentrations in plasma samples from a cohort of n = 407 individuals. The diagnostic groups comprised Alzheimer's disease (n = 74), vascular dementia (n = 28), other important differential diagnoses (n = 221), and healthy controls (n = 84). Main results were validated in an independent cohort with patients with Alzheimer's disease (n = 19), mild cognitive impairment (n = 27), and healthy individuals (n = 28). Results Plasma Lipocalin-2 was significantly lower in Alzheimer's disease compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001) and all other groups (p < 0.01) except for mixed dementia (vascular and Alzheimer's pathologic changes). Areas under the curve from receiver operation characteristics for the discrimination of Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls were 0.783 (95%CI: 0.712-0.855) in the study cohort and 0.766 (95%CI: 0.627-0.905) in the validation cohort. The area under the curve for Alzheimer's disease versus vascular dementia was 0.778 (95%CI: 0.667-0.890) in the study cohort. In Alzheimer's disease patients, plasma Lipocalin2 did not show significant correlation with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neurodegeneration and AD-related pathology (total-tau, phosphorylated tau protein, and beta-amyloid 1-42), cognitive status (Mini Mental Status Examination scores), APOE genotype, or presence of white matter hyperintensities. Interestingly, Lipocalin 2 was lower in patients with rapid disease course compared to patients with non-rapidly progressive Alzheimer's disease (p = 0.013). Conclusions Plasma Lipocalin-2 has potential as a diagnostic biomarker for Alzheimer's disease and seems to be independent from currently employed biomarkers

TWiki, uma ferramenta de co-autoria livre

Este artigo descreve um experimento de utilização de uma ferramenta de escrita colaborativa que permite a colaboração via web de grupos atuando na criação material hypertexto com e sem controle de acesso. Uma linguagem mais simples de marcação do que a HTML é usada para permitir a entrada de dados bem como sua formatação. A interligação automática dos hypertextos, especiais que é uma das características principais desta ferramenta é estabelecida pelo sistema através de palavras com grafia diferenciada (wiki words) ou indicadas por meio de símbolos. O artigo comenta também a evolução de ferramentasde co-autoria e algumas experiências com a ferramenta Twiki

Instrumented Functional Reach Test Differentiates Individuals at High Risk for Parkinson's Disease from Controls

The functional reach (FR) test as a complex measure of balance including limits of stability has been proven to differentiate between patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and controls (CO). Recently, it has been shown that the instrumentation of the FR (iFR) with a wearable sensor may increase this diagnostic accuracy. This cross-sectional study aimed at investigating whether the iFR has the potential to differentiate individuals with high risk for PD (HRPD) from CO, as the delineation of such individuals would allow for, e.g., early neuromodulation. Thirteen PD patients, 13 CO, and 31 HRPD were investigated. HRPD was defined by presence of an enlarged area of hyperechogenicity in the mesencephalon on transcranial sonography and either one motor sign or two risk and prodromal markers of PD. All participants were asked to reach with their right arm forward as far as possible and hold this position for 10 s. During this period, sway parameters were assessed with an accelerometer (Dynaport, McRoberts) worn at the lower back. Extracted parameters that differed significantly between PD patients and CO in our cohort [FR distance (shorter in PD), anterior-posterior and mediolateral acceleration (both lower in PD)] as well as JERK, which has been shown to differentiate HRPD from CO and PD in a previous study, were included in a model, which was then used to differentiate HRPD from CO. The model yielded an area under the curve of 0.77, with a specificity of 85%, and a sensitivity of 74%. These results suggest that the iFR can contribute to an assessment panel focusing on the definition of HRPD individuals

Progranulin signaling in sepsis, community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and COVID-19: a comparative, observational study

BACKGROUND Progranulin is a widely expressed pleiotropic growth factor with a central regulatory effect during the early immune response in sepsis. Progranulin signaling has not been systematically studied and compared between sepsis, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), COVID-19 pneumonia and a sterile systemic inflammatory response (SIRS). We delineated molecular networks of progranulin signaling by next-generation sequencing (NGS), determined progranulin plasma concentrations and quantified the diagnostic performance of progranulin to differentiate between the above-mentioned disorders using the established biomarkers procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) for comparison. METHODS The diagnostic performance of progranulin was operationalized by calculating AUC and ROC statistics for progranulin and established biomarkers in 241 patients with sepsis, 182 patients with SIRS, 53 patients with CAP, 22 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and 53 healthy volunteers. miRNAs and mRNAs in blood cells from sepsis patients (n = 7) were characterized by NGS and validated by RT-qPCR in an independent cohort (n = 39) to identify canonical gene networks associated with upregulated progranulin at sepsis onset. RESULTS Plasma concentrations of progranulin (ELISA) in patients with sepsis were 57.5 (42.8-84.9, Q25-Q75) ng/ml and significantly higher than in CAP (38.0, 33.5-41.0~ng/ml, p < 0.001), SIRS (29.0, 25.0-35.0~ng/ml, p < 0.001) and the healthy state (28.7, 25.5-31.7~ng/ml, p < 0.001). Patients with COVID-19 had significantly higher progranulin concentrations than patients with CAP (67.6, 56.6-96.0 vs. 38.0, 33.5-41.0~ng/ml, p < 0.001). The diagnostic performance of progranulin for the differentiation between sepsis vs. SIRS (n = 423) was comparable to that of procalcitonin. AUC was 0.90 (95% CI = 0.87-0.93) for progranulin and 0.92 (CI = 0.88-0.96, p = 0.323) for procalcitonin. Progranulin showed high discriminative power to differentiate bacterial CAP from COVID-19 (sensitivity 0.91, specificity 0.94, AUC 0.91 (CI = 0.8-1.0) and performed significantly better than PCT, IL-6 and CRP. NGS and partial RT-qPCR confirmation revealed a transcriptomic network of immune cells with upregulated progranulin and sortilin transcripts as well as toll-like-receptor 4 and tumor-protein 53, regulated by miR-16 and others. CONCLUSIONS Progranulin signaling is elevated during the early antimicrobial response in sepsis and differs significantly between sepsis, CAP, COVID-19 and SIRS. This suggests that progranulin may serve as a novel indicator for the differentiation between these disorders. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov registration number NCT03280576 Registered November 19, 2015

Poor Trail Making Test Performance Is Directly Associated with Altered Dual Task Prioritization in the Elderly – Baseline Results from the TREND Study

BACKGROUND: Deterioration of executive functions in the elderly has been associated with impairments in walking performance. This may be caused by limited cognitive flexibility and working memory, but could also be caused by altered prioritization of simultaneously performed tasks. To disentangle these options we investigated the associations between Trail Making Test performance--which specifically measures cognitive flexibility and working memory--and dual task costs, a measure of prioritization. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Out of the TREND study (Tuebinger evaluation of Risk factors for Early detection of Neurodegenerative Disorders), 686 neurodegeneratively healthy, non-demented elderly aged 50 to 80 years were classified according to their Trail Making Test performance (delta TMT; TMT-B minus TMT-A). The subjects performed 20 m walks with habitual and maximum speed. Dual tasking performance was tested with walking at maximum speed, in combination with checking boxes on a clipboard, and subtracting serial 7 s at maximum speeds. As expected, the poor TMT group performed worse when subtracting serial 7 s under single and dual task conditions, and they walked more slowly when simultaneously subtracting serial 7 s, compared to the good TMT performers. In the walking when subtracting serial 7 s condition but not in the other 3 conditions, dual task costs were higher in the poor TMT performers (median 20%; range -6 to 58%) compared to the good performers (17%; -16 to 43%; p<0.001). To the contrary, the proportion of the poor TMT performance group that made calculation errors under the dual tasking situation was lower than under the single task situation, but higher in the good TMT performance group (poor performers, -1.6%; good performers, +3%; p = 0.035). CONCLUSION: Under most challenging conditions, the elderly with poor TMT performance prioritize the cognitive task at the expense of walking velocity. This indicates that poor cognitive flexibility and working memory are directly associated with altered prioritization

Differential Modulation of Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling by Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 Agonists

Trace amine-associated receptors (TAAR) are rhodopsin-like G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). TAAR are involved in modulation of neuronal, cardiac and vascular functions and they are potentially linked with neurological disorders like schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. Subtype TAAR1, the best characterized TAAR so far, is promiscuous for a wide set of ligands and is activated by trace amines tyramine (TYR), phenylethylamine (PEA), octopamine (OA), but also by thyronamines, dopamine, and psycho-active drugs. Unfortunately, effects of trace amines on signaling of the two homologous β-adrenergic receptors 1 (ADRB1) and 2 (ADRB2) have not been clarified yet in detail. We, therefore, tested TAAR1 agonists TYR, PEA and OA regarding their effects on ADRB1/2 signaling by co-stimulation studies. Surprisingly, trace amines TYR and PEA are partial allosteric antagonists at ADRB1/2, whereas OA is a partial orthosteric ADRB2-antagonist and ADRB1-agonist. To specify molecular reasons for TAAR1 ligand promiscuity and for observed differences in signaling effects on particular aminergic receptors we compared TAAR, tyramine (TAR) octopamine (OAR), ADRB1/2 and dopamine receptors at the structural level. We found especially for TAAR1 that the remarkable ligand promiscuity is likely based on high amino acid similarity in the ligand-binding region compared with further aminergic receptors. On the other hand few TAAR specific properties in the ligand-binding site might determine differences in ligand-induced effects compared to ADRB1/2. Taken together, this study points to molecular details of TAAR1-ligand promiscuity and identified specific trace amines as allosteric or orthosteric ligands of particular β-adrenergic receptor subtypes