Моделирование потребления активной мощности насосных агрегатов с изменяющимся режимом водопотребления

Материалы XX Междунар. науч.-техн. конф. студентов, аспирантов и молодых ученых, Гомель, 23–24 апр. 2020 г

Japanese Encephalitis in Small-Scale Pig Farming in Rural Cambodia: Pig Seroprevalence and Farmer Awareness

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is endemic in Cambodia, but circulation of JE virus (JEV) among domestic pigs has previously only been studied in the southern part of the country. The main purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of JEV antibodies in smallholder pigs held in rural areas of Kampong Thom, Preah Vihear, Ratanakiri, and Stung Treng provinces, northeastern Cambodia. Another purpose was to identify possible associations between serologic status and other factors, such as reproductive disorders, and to investigate the farmers' knowledge of mosquito-borne diseases and use of preventive measures. In October 2019, 139 households were visited throughout the study area, and 242 pigs were sampled for blood. The sera were analysed with ELISA for JEV antibodies. Household representatives were interviewed, and data were recorded for each sampled pig. The apparent seroprevalence was 89.1% in pigs between 3 and 6 months of age, and 100% in pigs over 6 months of age. In total, 93.0% of the pigs tested positive. Province appeared to be the only factor significantly associated with serologic status (p < 0.001). Almost all (97.8%) respondents knew that mosquitos could transmit diseases, and 70.5% had heard of JE. However, only one respondent knew that JEV is transmitted to people through mosquito bites. Very few respondents knew that pigs can become infected with JEV, and no one knew that mosquitos transmit the virus. All families used some sort of mosquito protection for themselves, but only 15.1% protected their pigs from mosquito bites. The children were vaccinated against JE in 93 households, while adults only were vaccinated in eight households. The results suggest that JEV transmission is intense in northeastern Cambodia, and that people's knowledge about the transmission route of JEV and the role of pigs in the transmission cycle is low. Fortunately, people are well aware of mosquito-borne diseases in general and use mosquito protection, and many children are vaccinated against JE. Nonetheless, it is important that national vaccination is continued, and that people-especially in rural areas where pigs are commonly kept-are educated on the ecology and transmission of JEV

Post-mortem activity of the glycogen debranching enzyme and change in the glycogen pools in porcine M. longissimus dorsi from carriers and non-carriers of the RN− gene

Glycogen debranching enzyme (GDE) is together with glycogen phosphorylase responsible for the degradation of glycogen. The present study compares the post-mortem activity of GDE and breakdown of the glycogen pools in M. longissimus dorsi of RN- carrier pigs and in wild type animals. The activity of GDE (n=14) and pH (n=20) was measured 0.5, 3, 5, 24 and 48 h post-mortem. The change in pro-glycogen and in macro-glycogen content (n=20) was followed until 216 h post-mortem and the transcription level of GDE, glycogenin and glycogen synthase m-RNA (n=19) were measured 0.5 h post-mortem. Both the activity of GDE and the transcription level of GDE were found to be similar in RN- carriers and wild type animals shortly after slaughter. However, the activity declined faster in wild type animals compared with RN- carriers with increasing time post-mortem. The contents of both pro-glycogen and macro-glycogen were higher in RN- carriers compared with wild type animals, and further, the proportion of macro-glycogen was higher in RN- carriers compared with wild type animals. During the post-mortem period, only degradation of pro-glycogen was observed in both genotypes. The decrease in pH was faster and the ultimate pH lower in RN- carriers than in wild type animals. It was suggested that the higher GDE activity in the late phase of the post-mortem period in muscles from RN- carriers renders the extended pH decrease in these muscles

Low prevalence of cysticercosis and Trichinella infection in pigs in rural Cambodia

Cysticercosis and Trichinella spp. infection are parasitic zoonoses prevalent among pigs in Southeast Asia, where pork is the most important source of meat. In rural Cambodia, many pigs are raised extensively in family backyards, and information regarding the prevalence in rural small-scale pig production is very limited. This study was conducted in four provinces in north-eastern Cambodia to determine the seroprevalence of porcine cysticercosis and Trichinella spp. infection in rural villages, and to identify possible risk factors. Only households with less than 10 pigs above three months old were eligible. In total, 139 households participated, and 242 blood samples were collected. Farmers were interviewed about food and hygiene habits, disease knowledge and practices. The serum samples were analysed by ELISA to determine antigens to Taenia spp. cysticerci or antibodies to Trichinella spp. muscle larvae. Positivity among the pigs was 11.2% (95% CI 7.5–15.8) for Taenia spp. cysts and 2.5% (95% CI 0.9–5.4) for Trichinella spp. Cysticerci were more common in the province Preah Vihear (p < 0.001) than in the other provinces. Risk factors associated with porcine cysticercosis were management systems for the pigs and access to human faeces (p < 0.001). Trichinella spp. infection in pigs was more common in the province Ratanakiri (p = 0.001). The main risk factor associated with Trichinella spp. transmission was feeding pigs with food waste (p = 0.048). More men had heard about cysticercosis than women (p = 0.002), and men also consumed undercooked pork meat to a greater extent (p = 0.004). Although the present study is relatively small, several risk factors could be identified for porcine infection with Taenia spp. and Trichinella spp., which can be used to guide future interventions to improve both porcine and human health in these provinces

Colour characteristics of fresh pork

The objective of the present thesis was to obtain more fundamental understanding of the mechanisms for variations in colour and colour stability of fresh pork. The effects of breed and genotype, including Duroc, Hampshire (three RN alleles), Landrace and Yorkshire pigs, were studied. Furthermore, effects of strategic feeding with creatine, pre-slaughter treatment, slaughter procedure and carcass cooling on muscle metabolism and ultimate colour and colour stability were studied. It was concluded that the early progress in post mortem temperature and pH decline affect the colour of pork independent of whether this is triggered by variations in genotype, feed-induced changes, pre-slaughter stress or cooling rate. The level of oxymyoglobin was shown to be more important for the colour of pork during retail display, than the level of metmyoglobin. A high level of oxymyoglobin preserves high redness despite of oxidation to metmyoglobin. Ageing of pork for a week increased the ability of pork to stimulate oxygenation of deoxymyoglobin to oxymyoglobin, i.e. blooming, without compromising the colour stability during four days of subsequent retail display. Hence, ageing results in lighter, redder and more yellow pork colour. It was further concluded that genetics giving rise to variation in the colour of pork is related to differences in pigment content and in muscle metabolism. The latter influences the redox status of the muscle and the activity of oxygen-consuming and metmyoglobin-reducing enzymes and accordingly the relative proportion of the myoglobin species. The colour of pork from Landrace pigs was generally lighter, redder and more yellow than pork from Duroc pigs due to higher level of oxymyoglobin at the meat surface, i.e. more intense blooming. The colour of pork from Hampshire pigs was highly related to the RN genotype. Pork from carriers of the RN- allele was generally lighter, redder and more yellow than that from non-carriers of the RN- allele, and the rn* (V199I) allele tended to decrease redness and yellowness

Betydelsen av Impro - vuxnas upplevelser av improvisationsteater ur ett deltagarperspektiv : "Impron är som en härlig oas av misslyckanden eller lyckanden som inte varar längre än just det ögonblicket"

Inom det dramapedagogiska fältet är området skapande för skapandets egen skull inte så framträdande i forskningen. Det finns mer forskning kring barn och elever - och drama - jämfört med forskning som beskriver vuxnas deltagande. Undersökningen har som syfte att skapa förståelse för hur vuxna deltagare kan uppleva en kurs i improvisationsteater. Undersökningen har narrativ metod och deltagarna har intervjuats och data samlats in genom deltagarnas skriftliga berättelser. Frågorna som ställts är Vad är improvisationsteater?, Vad händer med dig på improvisationsteatern? och Vilken betydelse kan kursen i improvisationsteater ha för dig i ditt liv i övrigt? Undersökningen är fenomenologisk och hermeneutisk vilket betyder att det är  själva essensen av improvisationsteater som är central - vad kan improvisationsteater vara? Vilken betydelse har improvisationsteatern för deltagarna? Undersökningen är praxisnära och det empiriska materialet får stort utrymme. Kursen beskrivs som en egen verklighet, en oas - där vad som helst kan hända. Deltagarna får vara spontana och agera utan manus - och ett exempel på ett förlopp är ”från en dyster begravningsscen, till en familjemiddag och så kommer plötsligt kungen in och domderar”. Forskningsresultatet visar på en spretig, mångfacetterad - eller rik - bild när det gäller improvisationsteaterns betydelse för deltagarna. Deltagarna tillskriver kursen i improvisationsteater att den är alltifrån kul och en roligt lek till att den bidrar till ”modet att vara som jag är”, att ”släppa oro och stress” eller ”stå ut med vardagen”.

När man är i skolan håller man sig till mallarna och på fritiden blir det mer fritt : En kvalitativ studie om elever i årskurs 9:s uppfattningar om musikämnet och musikens funktion på fritiden

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur tio elever i årskurs 9 uppfattar musikämnet och relationen till musik och musikskapande på fritiden. Studien söker även svar på vilka möjligheter det finns att föra in musikerfarenheterna från fritiden i skolan. Frågor som besvaras är: vilka elevernas uppfattningar är om ämnet musik i grundskolans årskurs 9, vilken funktion musiken har på fritiden och vilka elevernas uppfattningar är om att föra in musikerfarenheter från fritiden i skolan. Kvalitativ forskningsmetod används med semistrukturerade fokusgruppsintervjuer. Det sociokulturella perspektivet tillämpas på studien. Resultatet visar på en variation av uppfattningar. Eleverna visar medvetenhet inför musikämnets innehåll och läroplan. Eleverna beskriver att de lär sig i skolan för att omsätta sina kunskaper på fritiden. Eleverna beskriver den skapande och kreativa processen som friare på fritiden, då det dels finns hinder runt att prestera i skolan, dels en känslighet för att bedömas av kamrater och samhällets normer