A STUDY OF THE STATISTICAL PROPERTIES OF TWO MEASURES OF COMPETITION

In competition studies, two species are studied, generally in ratios of 1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3,and 0: 1. The standard measure of competition is the Relative Crowding Coefficient (RCC)..

Dispersal of Adult European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Within and Proximal to Irrigated and Non–irrigated Corn

The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), causes economic damage to corn, Zea mays L., throughout the Corn Belt. Because this insect has become the primary target of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) transgenic corn, current efforts addressing the management of O. nubilalis resistance to Bt corn require information on adult European corn borer dispersal and factors affecting its dispersal. In 1998 we conducted mark-release-recapture, release-recapture, and caged-mating studies to directly measure and compare local dispersal patterns of O. nubilalis adults within and proximal to irrigated and non-irrigated cornfields. Releases of marked adults were made corresponding to the first and second flight of O. nubilalis in eastern Nebraska. Adult dispersal was significantly different between irrigated and non-irrigated cornfields. Released adults tended to remain in and near irrigated cornfields, but dispersed out of and away from non-irrigated cornfields. When released at the edge of the cornfield, neither male nor unmated female O. nubilalis displayed an initial tendency to move out of irrigated corn and into the mixed smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) and broadleaf-weed field edge. Mating efficiency in a late-season cornfield was not significantly different than in dense foxtail (Setaria spp.). Generally, we found that adult O. nubilalis dispersal may vary depending on variables such as action-site availability and agronomic practices and their interaction with O. nubilalis life history

Efficacy of hypnosis in the treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV) in women: rural and urban samples

The genital infection caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease. Genital warts in women can lead to cervical cancer. Treatment is aimed at clearing the warts to decrease contagiousness. Current medical treatments include repeated painful applications of acid-like agents to the warts, freezing, and surgery. Unfortunately, even with surgery, long term clearance rates are only 30 to 70%. Three quarters of the women who have experienced medical treatments express dissatisfaction. Psychological hypnosis is a psychophysiological state involving attention and concentration. Rather than assaulting tissue, hypnosis mobilizes the body’s immune reactions offering potential permanent results, greater acceptance, and treatment compliance. Our research contrasted hypnosis to medical therapies in both a major urban hospital and a rural university community. Gynecologists measured, diagrammed and photographed the warts showing the size, number and locations before and after treatment and at follow-up. Both hypnosis and the medical therapies significantly reduced the areas infected and the number of warts. However, at follow-up, nearly half of the hypnosis treated patients showed 100% clearance while only one of the medically treated patients did so. Hypnosis appeared to be at least as effective as medical interventions and was more acceptable to patients. Future research should include long-term follow-ups and the use of hypnosis combined with medical treatments

Dispersal of Adult European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Within and Proximal to Irrigated and Nonirrigated Corn

The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hu¨ bner), causes economic damage to corn, Zea mays L., throughout the Corn Belt. Because this insect has become the primary target of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) transgenic corn, current efforts addressing the management of O. nubilalis resistance to Bt corn require information on adult European corn borer dispersal and factors affecting its dispersal. In 1998 we conducted markÐreleaseÐrecapture, releaseÐrecapture, and caged-mating studies to directly measure and compare local dispersal patterns of O. nubilalis adults within and proximal to irrigated and non-irrigated cornÞelds. Releases of marked adults were made corresponding to the Þrst and second ßight of O. nubilalis in eastern Nebraska. Adult dispersal was signiÞcantly different between irrigated and non-irrigated cornÞelds. Released adults tended to remain in and near irrigated cornÞelds, but dispersed out of and away from non-irrigated cornÞelds. When released at the edge of the cornÞeld, neither male nor unmated female O. nubilalis displayed an initial tendency to move out of irrigated corn and into the mixed smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) and broadleaf-weed Þeld edge. Mating efÞciency in a late-season cornÞeld was not signiÞcantly different than in dense foxtail (Setaria spp.). Generally, we found that adult O. nubilalis dispersal may vary depending on variables such as action-site availability and agronomic practices and their interaction with O. nubilalis life history.This article is from Journal of Economic Entomology; 94 (2001); 1369-1377; doi: 10.1603/0022-0493-94.6.1369</p

Clinal variation in Hesperia leonardus (Hesperiidae) in the Loess Hills of the Missouri River Valley

Volume: 47Start Page: 291End Page: 30