Comportamento de leitões na fase de creche submetidos ao enriquecimento ambiental

Environmental enrichment consists of the enhancement of facilities by means of the necessary environmental stimuli to achieve animal welfare in psychical, physiological, and to improve quality of life conditions. In recent years welfare has been turning into one of the biggest challenges for modern production systems. There is a great pressure from civil society and international market claiming for production systems to respect animal welfare. This increases the need for studies that generate knowledge on how to raise pigs in order to ensure the profitability of the system and the maintenance of the quality of life for these animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of piglets in nursery phase subjected to environmental enrichment. A total of 12 pigs in the nursery phase were distributed into two treatments (with and without environmental enrichment). The following behaviors were evaluated: standing, laying, exploring, smelling, drinking, eating, idling, digging, defecating, urinating, sitting, walking, vocalizing, biting, playing, and fighting. Piglet behavior was recorded every 10 minutes during six days. Significant differences (p<0.05) between treatments were found for playing, eating and biting. No significant differences (p>0.05) were found for fighting behavior regarding the treatments, days and animals. Animal behavior was affected by the presence of environmental enrichment, which decreased some undesirable behaviors in production systems.O enriquecimento ambiental constitui no aperfeiçoamento das instalações na forma de estímulos ambientais necessários para alcançar o bem-estar dos animais nas condições psíquico, fisiológico e melhor qualidade de vida. Nos últimos anos, o bem-estar animal vem se tornando um dos maiores desafios para os modernos sistemas de produção. A pressão da sociedade e do mercado internacional para que os sistemas de produção respeitem o bem-estar animal, aumenta a necessidade de pesquisas que possam gerar conhecimentos sobre possíveis formas de se produzir suínos garantindo a lucratividade do sistema em combinação com a manutenção da qualidade de vida dos mesmos. Sendo assim, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o comportamento de leitões na fase de creche submetidos a enriquecimento ambiental. Foram utilizados 12 suínos na fase de creche, distribuídos em dois tratamentos, com presença e ausência de enriquecimento ambiental. Para avaliação das variáveis comportamentais foram observadas as seguintes características: em pé, deitado, explorando, cheirando, bebendo, comendo, ócio, fuçando, defecando, urinando, sentado, andando, vocalizando, mordendo, brincando e brigando. As observações foram realizadas a cada 10 minutos durante seis dias. Houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) para os comportamentos brincando, comendo e mordendo em relação aos tratamentos avaliados. Não houve diferença significativa (p>0,05) para o comportamento brigando em relação aos tratamentos, dias e animais. O comportamento dos animais foi influenciado pela presença do enriquecimento ambiental, em que o mesmo proporcionou a diminuição de alguns comportamentos indesejáveis nos sistemas de produção

Filosofia e ética: contribuições epistemológicas para a construção do conhecimento científico

A presente pesquisa apresenta uma análise epistemológica das contribuições ético-filosóficas para a construção do conhecimento científico. A Filosofia e a Ética, ao confrontar-se com a crise ou os problemas que assolam a humanidade, procuraram identificar a sua origem. A pesquisa bibliográfica demonstra, que ao conhecer os fatos e fenômenos, trazemos à luz do pensamento, possíveis caminhos em direção a possíveis soluções, através do expoente do conhecimento lógico, possibilitando refletir e compreender o mundo. Por fim, justifica-se na pauta de assuntos que tratam dos aspectos técnicos e profissionais tomados no ambiente acadêmicos de pesquisas e estudos de aprimoramento que o estudam e tomam desse fenômeno as paridades com a realidade observada no mundo contemporâneo

Amplitude de movimento de quadril associada ao índice de massa corporal em idosos

Introduction: Range of motion (ROM) is defined as the angular displacement of a joint. This displacement is necessary for performing functional activities and varies from individual to individual depending on age, gender, physical activity, presence or absence of dysfunction, and degree of muscle strength. WMD assessment is used in physical assessment to identify joint limitations and enable practitioners to quantitatively monitor the effectiveness of the interventions applied. Objective: To analyze hip range of motion associated with body mass index in the elderly. Materials and Method: The study was an experimental cross-sectional research with quantitative approach. Sixty elderly (30 Senior Citizenship Center - CCI and 30 Outdoor Academies - AAL) aged 60 to 70 years old, of both sexes, were evaluated. Results and discussion: The study showed a prevalence of female elderly, who practiced activities independently and who had at least one type of injury. At the ICC there was the presence of a Physical Education professional, which was not found in AAL. The most common diseases between the two groups were Hypertension, Diabetes and Osteoarthritis. In both again, BMI was high and ROM was low, and when correlated with ROM was inversely proportional. Conclusion: It is concluded that the prevalence of overweight elderly, injured and physical activity practitioners without an individualized exercise program can contribute to low ROM.Introdução: A amplitude de movimento (ADM) é definida como o deslocamento angular de uma articulação. Esse deslocamento é necessário para a realização de atividades funcionais e varia de indivíduo para indivíduo dependendo da idade, sexo, prática de atividade física, presença ou ausência de disfunção e o grau de força muscular. A avaliação da ADM é utilizada na avaliação física para identificar limitações articulares e permitir aos profissionais o acompanhamento de modo quantitativo a eficácia das intervenções aplicadas. Objetivo: analisar a amplitude de movimento de quadril associada ao índice de massa corporal em idosos. Matérias e Método:  O estudo tratou-se de uma pesquisa experimental, transversal com abordagem quantitativa. Foram avaliados 60 idosos (30 Centro de Convivência dos Idosos - CCI e 30 das Academias ao Ar Livre - AAL) com idade entre 60 a 70 anos, de ambos os sexos. Resultados e discussão: O estudo apresentou prevalência de idosos do sexo feminino, que praticavam atividades de forma independente e que possuíam pelo menos um tipo de lesão. No CCI havia a presença de um profissional de Educação Física, o que não foi constatado na AAL. As doenças mais comuns entre os dois grupos foram Hipertensão, Diabetes e Osteoartrites. Em ambos novamente, o IMC apresentou-se elevado e a ADM baixa, e quando correlacionado com a ADM mostrou-se inversamente proporcional. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a prevalência de idosos com sobrepeso, lesionados e praticantes de atividade física sem um programa de exercícios individualizados podem contribuir para a ADM baixa.       &nbsp

A influência da formação em Educação Física na expressão da neofobia alimentar

Introduction: Food neophobia is an aversion to consumption or inability to know new foods. This behavior occurs from childhood to adulthood because it is associated with habits, customs and culture being influenced by family and technology, thus modulating the choice of unknown food. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the academic formation in Physical Education in the expression of neophobic eating behavior among university students. Materials and Methods: This was an exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative-based field study involving 105 students of Physical Education and Nutrition. Results and discussions: The majority of participants in the Physical Education course were male and those of Nutrition were female, no interaction was identified between the course the student was taking and the training period, in general, the expression of food neophobia, as measured by the food neophobia scale, was not different among Nutrition and Physical Education students in the two evaluated periods. An isolated effect of the period was found, whether it was a beginning or a conclusion, but no effect was found on the courses. The analyzes showed that the students of Physical Education and Nutrition who were completing the course had higher values in the scale when compared to the participants. Conclusion: It was observed that both the academic training in Physical Education and Nutrition and the acquired knowledge along the course seem to have little influence on the expression of food neophobia.Introdução: A neofobia alimentar é uma aversão ao consumo ou incapacidade de conhecer novos alimentos, esse comportamento ocorre da infância até a fase adulta por estar associados aos hábitos, costumes e cultura sendo influenciado pela família e a tecnologia, modulando assim na escolha do alimento desconhecido. Objetivos: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da formação acadêmica em Educação Física na expressão do comportamento alimentar neofóbico entre estudantes universitários. Materiais e Métodos: Tratou-se de uma pesquisa de campo, exploratória, descritiva, de corte transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, envolvendo 105 estudantes de Educação Física e Nutrição. Resultados e Discussões: A maioria dos participantes do curso de Educação Física era do sexo masculino e os de Nutrição eram do sexo feminino, não foi identificada interação entre o curso que o estudante estava cursando e o período de formação, de maneira geral, a expressão da neofobia alimentar, avaliada pela escala de neofobia alimentar, não foi diferente entre os estudantes de Nutrição e de Educação Física nos dois períodos avaliados. Foi encontrado efeito isolado do período, se ingressante ou concluinte, mas não se encontrou efeito nos cursos. As análises mostraram que os estudantes de Educação Física e Nutrição que estavam concluindo o curso apresentaram valores mais elevados na escala, quando comparados aos ingressantes. Conclusão: Foi observado que tanto a formação acadêmica em Educação Física e Nutrição e o conhecimento adquirido ao longo do curso parecem não ter muita influência sobre a expressão da neofobia alimentar

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

AVALIAÇÃO MACROSCÓPICA DA NASCENTE DO BREJO DA PRATA, AFLUENTE DO RIO PARAIMNO CERRADOPIAUIENSE

The Paraim River, located in the municipality of Corrente in the south of the State of Piauí (PI), is considered essential for the activities of riverside communities and for the cities of Corrente and Sebastião Barros. However, this river has presented serious problems of degradation, pollution and siltation on its banks, and consequently losses in the flow volume, especially during dry periods. One way to revitalize rivers is the recovery of degraded springs, with the characterization of springs being a viable and efficient alternative. Thus, the objective was to characterize the degree of preservation of one of the sources of the Paraim river and its riparian forest, located in the municipality of Corrente. The study was carried out in the area of the Brejo da Prata spring, whose biome is the Cerrado. Themacroscopic characterization of the spring was carried out in line with 20 parameters, and the level of impact for each of the evaluated parameters was quantified. After the evaluation and quantification of the parameters used, the sum of the points assigned to the parameters was performed, and then the degree of preservation of the spring was estimated. Several parameters with some degree of degradation were identified,with the most prominent being the non-compliance of the riparian forest with current legislation, human and animal access, the presence of solid waste and soil transport into the spring. The classification of the degree of preservation of the spring analyzed by this study (moderately preserved) makes it evident that anthropic and agricultural activities are promoting its degradation. Scientific projects, such as phytosociologicalsurveys and planting of seedlings, should also be carried out in the region where the Brejo da Prata spring is located so that the permanent preservation area can be recovered.O rio Paraim, localizado no município de Corrente no sul do Estado do Piauí (PI), é tido como essencial para atividades das comunidades ribeirinhas e para as cidades de Corrente e Sebastião Barros. Contudo, este rio tem apresentado graves problemas de degradação, poluição e assoreamento em suas margens, e consequentemente perdas no volume de vazão, sobretudo nos períodos de estiagem. Uma forma de revitalização dos rios é a recuperação de nascentes degradadas, sendo a caracterização das nascentes uma alternativa viável e eficiente. Com isso, objetivou-se caracterizar o grau de preservação de uma das nascentes do rio Paraim e de sua mata ciliar, localizada no município de Corrente. O estudo foi realizado na área da nascente do Brejo da Prata, cujo bioma é o Cerrado. A caracterização macroscópica da nascente foi feita em consonância com 20 parâmetros, sendo quantificado o nível do impacto para cada um dos parâmetros avaliados. Após a avaliação e quantificação dos parâmetros utilizados, foi realizado o somatório dos pontos atribuídos aos parâmetros, e em seguida estimou-se o grau de preservação da nascente. Foram identificados vários parâmetros com algum grau de degradação, sendo os de maiores destaques a desconformidade da mata ciliarcom a legislação vigente, o acesso antrópico e de animais, a presença de resíduos sólidos e o carreamento de solo para o interior da nascente. A classificação do grau de preservação da nascente analisada por este estudo (moderadamente preservada) deixa evidente que as atividades antrópicas e agrícolas estão promovendo sua degradação. Projetos científicos, como levantamentos fitossociológicos e plantios de mudas, também deveriam ser executados na região de localização da nascente do Brejo da Prata para que a área de preservação permanente seja recuperada

Uncaria tomentosa alkaloidal fraction reduces paracellular permeability, IL-8 and NS1 production on human microvascular endothelial cells infected with Dengue virus

Submitted by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-01-26T15:10:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 raimundo_limajr_etal_IOC_2013.pdf: 461335 bytes, checksum: 7e6ff769450a5d3683e8f9c71c1cf5de (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-01-26T15:21:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 raimundo_limajr_etal_IOC_2013.pdf: 461335 bytes, checksum: 7e6ff769450a5d3683e8f9c71c1cf5de (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T15:21:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 raimundo_limajr_etal_IOC_2013.pdf: 461335 bytes, checksum: 7e6ff769450a5d3683e8f9c71c1cf5de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunologia Viral. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunologia Viral. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia de Fármacos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Química. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunologia Viral. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Dengue is the major arbovirus in the world annually causing morbidity and death. The severe dengue is associated with changes on the endothelial barrier function due to the production of inflammatory mediators by immune cells and by the endothelium. Dengue virus (DENV) replicates efficiently in human endothelial cells in vitro and elicits immune responses resulting in endothelial permeability. Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC.(Rubiaceae), known as cat’s claw, has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of a wide-array of symptoms and several scientific studies reported its antiviral, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Here we infected a human lineage of dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) with DENV-2 and treated it with an alkaloidal fraction from U. tomentosa bark (AFUT). We showed antiviral and immunomodulatory activities of U. tomentosa by determining the NS1 antigen and IL-8 in supernatant of DENV-2 infected HMEC-1. Furthermore, by measurement of transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) we demonstrated for the first time that a plant derivative contributed to reduce paracellular permeability in DENV-2 infected HMEC-1. We also showed that IL-8 contributed significantly to the induction of permeability. Further studies are still required until a new drug can be indicated, but our in vitro results support the evidences that AFUT could be potentially useful to preventive treatment of severe dengue