1,233 research outputs found

    Bronchoscopy For Foreign Body Removal: Where Is The Delay? [broncoscopia Para Remoção De Corpo Estranho: Onde Está O Atraso?]

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    This was a retrospective analysis of the medical charts of 145 patients treated at the Bronchoscopy and Thoracic Surgery Clinic of the Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (HC-Unicamp, State University of Campinas Hospital das Clínicas) over a period of 10 years. There was a significant difference related to the site of first medical visit (Unicamp-HC versus other institutions) in terms of the time elapsed between the suspicion of bronchial aspiration and the actual respiratory endoscopic examination. However, no significant difference was found in the rate of positive results. The low number of referral centers that provide emergency respiratory endoscopy can negatively influence the treatment of patients under suspicion of bronchial aspiration, jeopardizing the overall recovery in the mid- and long-term.3411956958Zerella, J.T., Dimler, M., McGill, L.C., Pippus, K.J., Foreign body aspiration in children: Value of radiography and complications of bronchoscopy (1998) J Ped Surg, 33 (11), pp. 1651-1654Fraga, A.M., Reis, M.C., Zambon, M.P., Toro, I.C., Ribeiro, J.D., Baracat, E.C., Foreign body aspiration in children: Clinical aspects, radiological aspects and bronchoscopic treatment (2008) J Bras Pneumol, 34 (2), pp. 74-82Swanson, K.L., Prakash, U.B., Midthun, D.E., Edell, E.S., Utz, J.P., McDougall, J.C., Flexible bronchoscopic management of airway foreign bodies in children (2002) Chest, 121 (5), pp. 1695-1700Pritt, B., Harmon, M., Schwartz, M., Cooper, K., A tale of three aspirations: Foreign bodies in the airway (2003) J Clin Pathol, 56 (10), pp. 791-794Cataneo, A.J., Reibscheid, S.M., Ruiz Júnior, R.L., Ferrari, G.F., Foreign body in the tracheobronchial tree (1997) Clin Pediatr (Phila), 36 (12), pp. 701-706Applegate, K.E., Dardinger, J.T., Lieber, M.L., Herts, B.R., Davros, W.J., Obuchowski, N.A., Spiral CT scanning technique in the detection of aspiration of LEGO foreign bodies (2001) Pediatr Radiol, 31 (12), pp. 836-840Lima, J.A., Fischer, G.B., Felicetti, J.C., Flores, J.A., Penna, C.N., Ludwig, E., Aspiração de corpo estranho na árvore traqueobrônquica em crianças: Avaliação de seqüelas através de exame cintilográfico. (2000) J Pneumol, 26 (1), pp. 20-24Cassol, V., Pereira, A.M., Zorzela, L.M., Becker, M.M., Barreto, S.S., Corpo estranho na via aérea de crianças. (2003) J Pneumol, 29 (3), pp. 139-144Fraga, J.C., Nogueira, A., Palombini, B.C., Corpo estranho em via aérea de criança. (1994) J Pneumol, 20 (3), pp. 107-111Piva, J., Giugno, K., Maia, T., Mascarenhas, T., Nogueira, A., Kalil, L., Aspiração de corpo estranho: Revisão de 19 casos. (1989) J Pediat, 65 (10), pp. 399-403Inglis Jr, A.F., Wagner, D.V., Lower complication rates associated with bronchial foreign bodies over the last 20 years (1992) Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 101 (1), pp. 61-66Davies, H., Gordon, I., Matthew, D.J., Helms, P., Kenney, I.J., Lutkin, J.E., Long term follow up after inhalation of foreign bodies (1990) Arch Dis Child, 65 (6), pp. 619-621Black, R.E., Choi, K.J., Syme, W.C., Johnson, D.G., Matlak, M.E., Bronchoscopic removal of aspirated foreign bodies in children (1984) Am J Surg, 148 (6), pp. 778-78

    CDM Accelerating Cosmology as an Alternative to LCDM model

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    A new accelerating cosmology driven only by baryons plus cold dark matter (CDM) is proposed in the framework of general relativity. In this model the present accelerating stage of the Universe is powered by the negative pressure describing the gravitationally-induced particle production of cold dark matter particles. This kind of scenario has only one free parameter and the differential equation governing the evolution of the scale factor is exactly the same of the Λ\LambdaCDM model. For a spatially flat Universe, as predicted by inflation (Ωdm+Ωbaryon=1\Omega_{dm}+\Omega_{baryon}=1), it is found that the effectively observed matter density parameter is Ωmeff=1α\Omega_{meff} = 1- \alpha, where α\alpha is the constant parameter specifying the CDM particle creation rate. The supernovae test based on the Union data (2008) requires α0.71\alpha\sim 0.71 so that Ωmeff0.29\Omega_{meff} \sim 0.29 as independently derived from weak gravitational lensing, the large scale structure and other complementary observations.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

    Direct and Inverse Magnetocaloric effects in A-site ordered PrBaMn2O6 manganite in low magnetic fields

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    The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of A-site ordered PrBaMn2O6 manganite has been studied by direct methods and by the specific heat measurements. Direct measurements of the MCE in low magnetic fields were performed using recently proposed modulation technique and by classic direct method in high fields. Direct and inverse MCE are observed at Curie and Neel points correspondingly. A value of the inverse MCE in the heating run is less than in the cooling regime. This effect can be attributing to competition between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions. Indirectly estimated and direct MCE values considerably differ in around first order AF transition.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

    Bulk Viscous LRS Biachi-I Universe with variable GG and decaying Λ\Lambda

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    The present study deals with spatially homogeneous and totally anisotropic locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) Bianchi type I cosmological model with variable GG and Λ\Lambda in presence of imperfect fluid. To get the deterministic model of Universe, we assume that the expansion (θ)(\theta) in the model is proportional to shear (σ)(\sigma). This condition leads to A=BnA=\ell B^{n}, where AA,\;BB are metric potential. The cosmological constant Λ\Lambda is found to be decreasing function of time and it approaches a small positive value at late time which is supported by recent Supernovae Ia (SN Ia) observations. Also it is evident that the distance modulus curve of derived model matches with observations perfectly.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures and 1 table, Accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Scienc

    Postintubation Injuries And Open Surgical Tracheostomy: Should We Always Perform Isthmectomy? [sequelas Pós-intubação E Traqueostomia Cirúrgica Aberta: Devemos Sempre Fazer A Istmectomia?]

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    Objective: To evaluate the influence of the surgical team (general surgery or thoracic surgery) and the surgical technique (with or without isthmectomy) on the incidence of postintubation injuries in the airways of tracheostomized patients. Methods: Between January 1st and August 31st, 2007, 164 patients admitted to the adult intensive care unit and tracheally intubated for more than 24 h were studied prospectively at the Sumaré State Hospital, located in the city of Sumaré, Brazil. When tracheostomy was necessary, these patients were randomly assigned to thoracic or general surgery teams. All of the patients were submitted to fiberoptic tracheoscopy for decannulation or late evaluation of the airway. Results: Of the 164 patients in the study, 90 (54.88%) died (due to causes unrelated to the procedure), 67 (40.85%) completed follow-up, and 7 (4.27%) were lost to follow-up. Of the 67 patients who completed follow-up, 32 had undergone tracheostomy (21 by the general surgery team and 11 by the thoracic surgery team), and 22 had been submitted to isthmectomy (11 by the general surgery team and 11 by the thoracic surgery team). There was no difference between the surgical teams in terms of the incidence of stoma complications. However, there was a significant difference when the surgical techniques (with or without isthmectomy) were compared. Conclusions: Not performing isthmectomy in parallel with tracheostomy leads the surgeon to open the tracheal stoma more distally than expected. In such cases, there were more stoma complications.353227233Maddaus, M.A., Pearson, F.G., Postintubation injury (2002) Pearson's Thoracic and Esophageal Surgery, pp. 300-314. , In: Pearson FG, Patterson GA, editors, Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone/ElsevierStreitz Jr, J.M., Shapshay, S.M., Airway injury after tracheotomy and endotracheal intubation (1991) Surg Clin North Am, 71 (6), pp. 1211-30Park, M., Brauer, L., Sanga, R.R., Kajdacsy-Balla, A.C., Ladeira, J.P., Azevedo, L.C., Percutaneous Tracheostomy in Critically-ill Patients: The Experience of a Medical Intensive Care Unit (2004) J Bras Pneumol., 30 (3), pp. 237-242Ciaglia, P., Firsching, R., Syniec, C., Elective percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy. A new simple bedside procedurepreliminary report (1985) Chest, 87 (6), pp. 715-9Epstein, S.K., Late complications of tracheostomy (2005) Respir Care, 50 (4), pp. 542-9Pearson, F.G., Goldberg, M., da Silva, A.J., A prospective study of tracheal injury complicating tracheostomy with a cuffed tube (1968) Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 77 (5), pp. 867-82Braz, J.R., Navarro, L.H., Takata, I.H., Nascimento Júnior, P., Endotracheal tube cuff pressure: Need for precise measurement (1999) Sao Paulo Med J, 117 (6), pp. 243-7Goldstraw, P., Morgam, C., Tracheostomy (2002) Pearson's Thoracic and Esophageal Surgery, pp. 375-383. , In: Pearson FG, Patterson GA, editors, Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone/ ElsevierPutnam Jr., J.B., Traquéia (2005) Sabiston Tratado De Cirurgia, pp. 1792-1793. , In: Townsend MC, editor, Rio de Janeiro: ElsevierVianna, A., Tracheostomy in patients on mechanical ventilation: When is it indicated? (2007) J Bras Pneumol., 33 (6), pp. xxxvii-xxxviiiPerfeiro, J.A., Mata, C.A., Forte, V., Carnaghi, M., Tamura, N., Leão, L.E., Tracheostomy in the ICU: Is it worthwhile? (2007) J Bras Pneumol., 33 (6), pp. 687-90Leite, A.G., Kussler, D., Management of recurrent distal tracheal stenosis using an endoprosthesis: A case report (2008) J Bras Pneumol., 34 (2), pp. 121-5Arabi, Y., Haddad, S., Shirawi, N., Al Shimemeri, A., Early tracheostomy in intensive care trauma patients improves resource utilization: A cohort study and literature review (2004) Crit Care, 8 (5), pp. R347-52Croshaw, R., McIntyre, B., Fann, S., Nottingham, J., Bynoe, R., Tracheostomy: Timing revisited (2004) Curr Surg, 61 (1), pp. 42-8Walts, P.A., Murthy, S.C., Arroliga, A.C., Yared, J.P., Rajeswaran, J., Rice, T.W., Tracheostomy after cardiovascular surgery: An assessment of long-term outcome (2006) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 131 (4), pp. 830-7Plummer, A.L., Gracey, D.R., Consensus conference on artificial airways in patients receiving mechanical ventilation (1989) Chest, 96 (1), pp. 178-80Leung, R., Macgregor, L., Campbell, D., Berkowitz, R.G., Decannulation and survival following tracheostomy in an intensive care unit (2003) Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol., 112 (10), pp. 853-8Pinet, C., Quenee, V., Sainty, J.M., Significance of systematic endoscopic decannulation. Retrospective study on intensive care patients [Article in French] (1998) Rev Pneumol Clin., 54 (2), pp. 81-4Nouraei, S.A., Singh, A., Patel, A., Ferguson, C., Howard, D.J., Sandhu, G.S., Early endoscopic treatment of acute inflammatory airway lesions improves the outcome of postintubation airway stenosis (2006) Laryngoscope., 116 (8), pp. 1417-21Coelho, M.S., Zampier, J.A., Zanin, S.A., Silva, E.M., Guimarães, P.S., Fístula traqueoesofágica como complicação tardia de traqueostomia (2001) J Pneumol., 27 (2), pp. 119-22Grillo, H.C., Mathisen, D.J., Wain, J.C., Laryngotracheal resection and reconstruction for subglottic stenosis (1992) Ann Thorac Surg., 53 (1), pp. 54-63Saueressig, M.G., Macedo-Neto, A.V., Moreschi, A.H., Xavier, R.G., Sanches, P.R., A correção das estenoses traqueobrônquicas mediante o emprego de órteses (2002) J Pneumol., 28 (2), pp. 84-93Terra, R.M., Minamoto, H., Tedde, M.L., Almeida, J.L., Jatene, F.B., Self-expanding stent made of polyester mesh with silicon coating (Polyflex®) in the treatment of inoperable tracheal stenoses (2007) J Bras Pneumol., 33 (3), pp. 241-7Gravvanis, A.I., Tsoutsos, D.A., Iconomou, T.G., Papadopoulos, S.G., Percutaneous versus Conventional Tracheostomy in Burned Patients with Inhalation Injury (2005) World J Surg., 29 (12), pp. 1571-5Karagiannidis, C., Velehorschi, V., Obertrifter, B., Macha, H.N., Linder, A., Freitag, L., High-level expression of matrix-associated transforming growth factor-beta1 in benign airway stenosis (2006) Chest., 129 (5), pp. 1298-30

    Limits on decaying dark energy density models from the CMB temperature-redshift relation

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    The nature of the dark energy is still a mystery and several models have been proposed to explain it. Here we consider a phenomenological model for dark energy decay into photons and particles as proposed by Lima (J. Lima, Phys. Rev. D 54, 2571 (1996)). He studied the thermodynamic aspects of decaying dark energy models in particular in the case of a continuous photon creation and/or disruption. Following his approach, we derive a temperature redshift relation for the CMB which depends on the effective equation of state weffw_{eff} and on the "adiabatic index" γ\gamma. Comparing our relation with the data on the CMB temperature as a function of the redshift obtained from Sunyaev-Zel'dovich observations and at higher redshift from quasar absorption line spectra, we find weff=0.97±0.034w_{eff}=-0.97 \pm 0.034, adopting for the adiabatic index γ=4/3\gamma=4/3, in good agreement with current estimates and still compatible with weff=1w_{eff}=-1, implying that the dark energy content being constant in time.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figur

    An Accelerating Cosmology Without Dark Energy

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    The negative pressure accompanying gravitationally-induced particle creation can lead to a cold dark matter (CDM) dominated, accelerating Universe (Lima et al. 1996) without requiring the presence of dark energy or a cosmological constant. In a recent study Lima et al. (2008, LSS) demonstrated that particle creation driven cosmological models are capable of accounting for the SNIa observations of the recent transition from a decelerating to an accelerating Universe. Here we test the evolution of such models at high redshift using the constraint on z_eq, the redshift of the epoch of matter radiation equality, provided by the WMAP constraints on the early Integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect. Since the contribution of baryons and radiation was ignored in the work of LSS, we include them in our study of this class of models. The parameters of these more realistic models with continuous creation of CDM is tested and constrained at widely-separated epochs (z = z_eq and z = 0) in the evolution of the Universe. This comparison reveals a tension between the high redshift CMB constraint on z_eq and that which follows from the low redshift SNIa data, challenging the viability of this class of models.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure

    Thermal behaviour of zircon/zirconia-added chemically durable borosilicate porous glass

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    Macroporous alkali resistant glass has been developed by making additions of zirconia (ZrO2) and zircon (ZrSiO4) to the sodium borosilicate glass system SiO2–B2O3 Na2O. The glass was made using a traditional high temperature fusion process. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) was carried out to identify the glass transition temperature (Tg) and crystallisation temperature (Tx). Based on these findings, controlled heat-treatments were implemented to separate the glass into two-phases; a silica-rich phase, and an alkali-rich borate phase. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify any crystal phases present in the asquenched and heat-treated glasses. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy also proved effective in investigating phase separation and crystallisation behaviour. After leaching, a silica-rich skeleton with an interconnected pore structure and a uniform pore distribution was observed. Pore characterisation was carried out using mercury porosimetry. The size and shape of the pores largely depended on the heattreatment temperature and time. ZrO2/ZrSiO4 additions increased the alkali resistance of the porous glass 3–4 times

    Cosmological models with linearly varying deceleration parameter

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    We propose a new law for the deceleration parameter that varies linearly with time and covers Berman's law where it is constant. Our law not only allows one to generalize many exact solutions that were obtained assuming constant deceleration parameter, but also gives a better fit with data (from SNIa, BAO and CMB), particularly concerning the late time behavior of the universe. According to our law only the spatially closed and flat universes are allowed; in both cases the cosmological fluid we obtain exhibits quintom like behavior and the universe ends with a big-rip. This is a result consistent with recent cosmological observations.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures; some typo corrections; to appear in International Journal of Theoretical Physic

    Exploratory Behavior, Trap Models and Glass Transitions

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    A random walk is performed on a disordered landscape composed of NN sites randomly and uniformly distributed inside a dd-dimensional hypercube. The walker hops from one site to another with probability proportional to exp[βE(D)]\exp [- \beta E(D)], where β=1/T\beta = 1/T is the inverse of a formal temperature and E(D)E(D) is an arbitrary cost function which depends on the hop distance DD. Analytic results indicate that, if E(D)=DdE(D) = D^{d} and NN \to \infty, there exists a glass transition at βd=πd/2/Γ(d/2+1)\beta_d = \pi^{d/2}/\Gamma(d/2 + 1). Below TdT_d, the average trapping time diverges and the system falls into an out-of-equilibrium regime with aging phenomena. A L\'evy flight scenario and applications to exploratory behavior are considered.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, new versio
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