Genetic variability of indigenous cowpea genotypes as determined using inter-simple sequence repeats markers

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is cultivated widely by small farmers in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil for subsistence purposes, especially to complement the family income. However, owing to the limited availability of water in this region, there is an urgent need for novel highly productive drought-tolerant cultivars. The aim of the present study was to establish the genetic variability of 14 cowpea populations (60 indigenous genotypes from 13 microregions of Rio Grande do Norte and 4 domesticated cultivars produced by Embrapa) using inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers. The set of 13 selected primers generated a total of 257 loci, 247 (96.11%) of which were polymorphic, with sizes ranging between 200 and 2000 bp. Genetic similarities between accessions were estimated from Jaccard coefficients and genetic relationships were determined from the dendrogram constructed using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) technique. Bayesian statistics  coupled with the Markov chain Monte Carlo technique was applied to determine population structure, while the genetic variability was established by analysis of molecular variance. UPGMA analysis allowed the separation of the genotypes into three groups, but no relationship between the genetic and  geographical distances was observed. The fixation index was considered intermediary (FST = 0.0818), the average heterozygosity was low (HS = 0.39) and the coefficient of endogamy was high (f = 92.6%). The results show the presence of genetic diversity among the studied populations and revealed that such variability could be attributed mainly to intra-population variability (91.82%).Key words: Vigna unguiculata, genetic diversity, plant improvement, drought stress

Bioreactor for microalgal cultivation systems: strategy and development

Microalgae are important natural resources that can provide food, medicine, energy and various bioproducts for nutraceutical, cosmeceutical and aquaculture industries. Their production rates are superior compared to those of terrestrial crops. However, microalgae biomass production on a large scale is still a challenging problem in terms of economic and ecological viability. Microalgal cultivation system should be designed to maximize production with the least cost. Energy efficient approaches of using light, dynamic mixing to maximize use of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nutrients and selection of highly productive species are the main considerations in designing an efficient photobioreactor. In general, optimized culture conditions and biological responses are the two overarching attributes to be considered for photobioreactor design strategies. Thus, fundamental aspects of microalgae growth, such as availability of suitable light, CO2 and nutrients to each growing cell, suitable environmental parameters (including temperature and pH) and efficient removal of oxygen which otherwise would negatively impact the algal growth, should be integrated into the photobioreactor design and function. Innovations should be strategized to fully exploit the wastewaters, flue-gas, waves or solar energy to drive large outdoor microalgae cultivation systems. Cultured species should be carefully selected to match the most suitable growth parameters in different reactor systems. Factors that would decrease production such as photoinhibition, self-shading and phosphate flocculation should be nullified using appropriate technical approaches such as flashing light innovation, selective light spectrum, light-CO2 synergy and mixing dynamics. Use of predictive mathematical modelling and adoption of new technologies in novel photobioreactor design will not only increase the photosynthetic and growth rates but will also enhance the quality of microalgae composition. Optimizing the use of natural resources and industrial wastes that would otherwise harm the environment should be given emphasis in strategizing the photobioreactor mass production. To date, more research and innovation are needed since scalability and economics of microalgae cultivation using photobioreactors remain the challenges to be overcome for large-scale microalgae production

Instrumento de coleta de dados para pacientes críticos fundamentado no modelo das necessidades humanas básicas de horta

Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, que teve como objetivo construir coletivamente um instrumento de coleta de dados para pacientes de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), fundamentado na Teoria das Necessidades Humanas Básicas (NHB). A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de Grupo Focal, com quatro enfermeiras de UTI e quatro residentes de Enfermagem da Residência Integrada em Saúde (RIS), em sete encontros, em 2009. As discussões produzidas em cada sessão foram analisadas conforme o preconizado por Horta. O instrumento ficou estruturado em sete grupos e 17 subgrupos de necessidades. Após testagem e sugestões das participantes, elaborou-se a versão final do instrumento e um manual de orientação para o seu preenchimento, conforme necessidade manifestada pelo grupo. Sugere-se a validação do instrumento e do manual e a inclusão do ensino do Processo de Enfermagem no programa de atividades da RIS. 

Correntes de pensamento nacionais sobre sistematização da assistência de enfermagem Conceptos asociados a la sistematización de la asistencia de enfermaria en la literatura brasileña Concepts associated to systematization of nursing care in Brazilian journals

Trata-se de uma pesquisa que tem por objetivo analisar a produção bibliográfica sobre a sistematização da assistência de enfermagem a fim de discutir conceitos associados ao tema. Foram analisados livros e artigos nacionais publicados na base de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Medline, Lilacs e Scielo, no período de janeiro de 2000 a janeiro de 2008. Formam analisados 11 artigos, tendo sido identificadas três correntes de pensamento distintas para definição de termos associados à sistematização da assistência de enfermagem. Tal fato aponta para a dificuldade de articulação, teórico-prática, evidenciada pelos conflitos existentes na própria literatura.<br>Esta es una investigación que tiene como objetivo el análisis de la producción bibliográfica sobre la sistematización de la asistencia de enfermería con el fin de debatir las ideas relacionadas con el tema. Se analizaron los libros y los artículos nacionales publicados en la base de datos de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, en Medline, Lilacs y Scielo, en el período de enero de 2000 a enero de 2008. Se analizaron 11 artículos, al que se ha identificado tres tipos de pensamiento para definir conceptos asociados a la sistematización de la asistencia de enfermería. Tal hecho apunta la dificultad de la articulación teórica y práctica, evidenciada por los conflictos presentes en la literatura.<br>This study is a research that has as objective analyze the bibliographical production about the Systematization of Nursing Care in order to discuss concepts associated to the subject. Were analyzed books and national articles published in the database of the Virtual Library in Health, Medline, Lilacs and Scielo, in the period of January of 2000 to January of 2008. Were analyzed 11 articles, having been identified three distinct kind of thought to define concepts associated to Systematization of Nursing Care. Such fact aims for the difficulty of theoretical and pratical articulation, evidenced by the conflicts existing in the literature

Life cycle assessment of soil and groundwater remediation: Groundwater impacts of electrokinetic remediation

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio