Um estudo sobre a leitura de Stuart Mill por Hayek

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Eduardo AngeliDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Econômico. Defesa : Curitiba, 24/02/2022Inclui referências: p. 99-102Resumo: A obra de Friedrich Hayek (1899-1992) é majoritariamente influenciada por autores da tradição liberal britânica, tais como Adam Smith, David Hume, Edmund Burke e etc. É com base nas obras destes autores que o austríaco desenvolve o individualismo metodológico, o qual sustentará a sua defesa do liberalismo frente ao avanço das ideias socialistas no velho continente ao longo do século XX. Dentre os autores apontados por Hayek como sendo um dos principais propagadores do socialismo está o filosofo John Stuart Mill (1806-1873). O austríaco em suas obras responsabiliza Mill por deturpar o liberalismo ao inserir elementos racionalistas no pensamento liberal e se aproximar do ideal socialista. Entretanto, Hayek no livro The Constitution of liberty (1960) adota uma postura diferente do que usualmente é observado em seus trabalhos, visto que são apresentados vários elogios a Mill ao longo deste livro. Contudo, imediatamente após a publicação desse livro e até o fim de sua obra, o austríaco torna a ter uma postura crítica em relação ao filósofo britânico. Neste contexto, a dissertação pretende investigar como se deu a evolução da percepção de Hayek sobre Mill ao longo do tempo e a razão pela qual em The constitution of Liberty o austríaco estava tão próximo daquele quem anteriormente fora apontado como um dos principais detratores do liberalismo.Abstract: The work of Friedrich Hayek (1899-1992) is mostly influenced by authors of the British liberal tradition, such as Adam Smith, David Hume, Edmund Burke and etc. It is based on the works of these authors that the Austrian develops methodological individualism, which will support his defense of liberalism in light of the advance of socialism ideas in the old continent throughout the 20th century. Among the authors identified by Hayek as one of the main propagators of socialism is the philosopher John Stuart Mill (1806-1873). The Austrian in his works blames Mill for misrepresenting liberalism by inserting rationalist elements into liberal thought and approaching the socialist ideal. Although, Hayek in The Constitution of Liberty (1960) takes a different stance from what is usually observed in his works, as there are several praises for Mill throughout this book. However, immediately after the publication of this book and until the end of his work, the Austrian again took a critical stance towards the British philosopher. In this context, the dissertation intends to investigate how Hayek's perception of Mill evolved over time and why, in The Constitution of Liberty, the Austrian was so close to the one who was previously pointed out as one of the main detractors of liberalism

Tradução do capítulo 49 do Tomo II ("Suplementos") de "O mundo como vontade e como representação"

O trabalho não apresenta resumo

Antioxidant activity of caffeic acid against Iron-induced Free Radical Generation : a chemical approach

Caffeic acid (CA) is a phenolic compound widely found in coffee beans with known beneficial effects in vivo. Many studies showed that CA has anti inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, antibacterial and anti carcinogenic properties, which could be linked to its antioxidant activity. Taking in consideration the reported in vitro antioxidant mechanism of other polyphenols, our working hypothesis was that the CA antioxidant activity could be related to its metal-chelating property. With that in mind, we sought to investigate the chemical antioxidant mechanism of CA against in vitro iron-induced oxidative damage under different assay conditions. CA was able to prevent hydroxyl radical formation promoted by the classical Fenton reaction, as determined by 2-deoxyribose (2-DR) oxidative degradation and DMPO hydroxylation. In addition to its ability to prevent hydroxyl radical formation, CA had a great inhibition of membrane lipid peroxidation. In the lipid peroxidation assays CA acted as both metalchelator and as hydrogen donor, preventing the deleterious action promoted by lipid-derived peroxyl and alkoxyl radicals. Our results indicate that the observed antioxidant effects were mostly due to the formation of iron-CA complexes, which are able to prevent 2-DR oxidation and DMPO hydroxylation. Noteworthy, the formation of iron-CA complexes and prevention of oxidative damage was directly related to the pH of the medium, showing better antioxidant activity at higher pH values. Moreover, in the presence of lipid membranes the antioxidant potency of CA was much higher, indicating its enhanced effectiveness in a hydrophobic environment. Overall, our results show that CA acts as an antioxidant through an iron chelating mechanism, preventing the formation of free hydroxyl radicals and, therefore, inhibiting Fenton-induced oxidative damage. The chemical properties of CA described here —in association with its reported signaling effects—could be an explanation to its beneficial effects observed in vivo

Gênero, binaridade e previdência social: : reflexões sobre os paradigmas de aposentadoria para a população trans no Brasil

Diante da evolução dos conceitos e das discussões sobre a categoria gênero, o presente estudo busca analisar em que medida a previdência social brasileira contempla a população trans nas regras de aposentadoria. Como objetivo geral, busca-se compreender de que forma as regras previdenciárias de aposentadoria aplicam-se aos transexuais, considerando a acomodação das regras a gêneros binários. Assim, discute-se sobre as acepções de gêneros binários e não binários relacionados à sexualidade dos sujeitos, verificando-se a possibilidade de as regras previdenciárias de aposentadoria criarem hipóteses para além do imperativo binário dos gêneros, refletindo-se sobre alternativas de aplicabilidade das regras previdenciárias para a aposentadoria de transexuais. O método utilizado é o dedutivo, a partir de abordagem qualitativa e pesquisa do tipo descritiva, explicativa e bibliográfica. Com base nas análises realizadas, verificou-se que a população trans convive com diferentes formas de vulnerabilidade e riscos sociais graves que devem ser considerados nas políticas públicas previdenciárias, sobretudo na construção das condições de acesso aos benefícios de aposentadoria, devendo ser implementadas regras específicas, a fim de proteger socialmente tal minoria social

Coincidência de florescimento entre linhagens de couve-flor na produtividade e qualidade de sementes híbridas

The missing of flowering synchronization between the self-incompatible lines in a crop field of cauliflower hybrid seeds besides making the seed production smaller can compromise the genetic purity of them. The coincidence of the flowering time between two cauliflower lines was examined to study its effect on the productivity and quality of hybrid seeds. The treatments consisted of six different sowing dates, every fifteen days, using a self-incompatible tropical line pollinated by a winter line which does not present self-incompatibility. The following characteristics were evaluated: leaf average area and number of flowers per plant, number of siliques per plant, number and weight of seeds per plant, weight of thousand seeds and average number of seeds per silique. The germination standard test and genetic seed purity were determined for each treatment. The coincident flowering season between cauliflower lines affects directly the productivity and the genetic quality of the produced hybrid seeds. The closer the flowering time coincidence between the lines, the greater the number of seeds per silique and the smaller the percentage of non-hybrid seedlings. However, the coincidence of the flowering season between lines was found to influence physiological seed quality.A falta de sincronismo de florescimento entre as linhagens auto incompatíveis em um campo de produção de sementes híbridas de couve flor pode além de reduzir a produção de sementes comprometer a pureza genética das mesmas. Com o objetivo de estudar o efeito da coincidência de florescimento entre linhagens de couve-flor na produtividade e qualidade de sementes híbridas, foi realizado o presente experimento. Os tratamentos consistiram em seis diferentes épocas de semeadura, espaçadas a cada quinze dias, de uma linhagem de verão auto-incompatível que foi polinizada por uma linhagem de inverno que não apresenta auto-incompatibilidade. Observou-se a coincidência do florescimento das diferentes épocas de semeadura com a linhagem polinizadora. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características: área foliar média, número de flores por planta, número de síliqüas por planta, número de sementes por planta (peso e número), peso médio de 1000 sementes e foi determinado o número de sementes por síliqüa. Foi realizado ainda, o teste padrão de germinação e determinada a pureza genética das sementes para cada tratamento. A coincidência da época de florescimento entre as linhagens de couve-flor afetou diretamente a produtividade e a qualidade genética das sementes híbridas produzidas, sendo que, quanto maior foi o nível de coincidência, maior foi o número de sementes formadas por síliqüa e menor a percentagem de sementes contaminantes. Entretanto, não teve influência na qualidade fisiológica das mesmas

The circular economy in the perspective of sustainable joinery: a case study in the Amazon / A economia circular na perspectiva da carpintaria sustentável: um estudo de caso na Amazônia

This article explores the concept of the circular economy based on the use, as base material, of wood residues from the production process of a company that operates in the hygiene and cleaning products sector based at the Manaus Industrial Pole. These residues feed the manufacturing process of a Sustainable Joinery, which, in turn, manufactures custom products, as well as those from its catalog. It is intended to explore the manufacturing process, in the context of the pillars of the circular economy. The methodology of this work consisted of exploring the stages of its manufacturing process, the process flows, the chain involved, and the waste management of this process. In this study, the life cycle stages of raw material supply and end-of-life pathways of wooden pallets were assessed environmentally from different perspectives with lifecycle assessment (LCA). In addition, it reveals the potential to be explored in the region due to the economic opportunities and social and environmental impacts, since, considering only the year 2019, 21 tons of wood were reprocessed, representing an average monthly revenue in the order of $ 5,000

Magnetic resonance angiography and transcranial Doppler ultrasound findings in patients with a clinical diagnosis of vertebrobasilar insufficiency

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the findings of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) in patients with a clinical diagnosis of vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI). METHOD: From our outpatient neurotology clinic, we selected patients (using the criteria proposed by Grad and Baloh) with a clinical diagnosis of VBI. We excluded patients with any definite cause for vestibular symptoms, a noncontrolled metabolic disease or any contraindication to MRA or TCD. The patients in the study group were sex- and age-matched with subjects who did not have vestibular symptoms (control group). Our final group of patients included 24 patients (study, n=12; control, n=12). RESULTS: The MRA results did not demonstrate significant differences in the findings between our study and control groups. TCD demonstrated that the systolic pulse velocity of the right middle cerebral artery, end diastolic velocity of the basilar artery, pulsatility index (PI) of the left middle cerebral artery, PI of the right middle cerebral artery, and PI of the basilar artery were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group, suggesting abnormalities affecting the microcirculation of patients with a clinical diagnosis of VBI compared with controls. CONCLUSION: MRA failed to reveal abnormalities in patients with a clinical diagnosis of VBI compared with controls. The PI of the basilar artery, measured using TCD, demonstrated high sensitivity (91%) and specificity (91%) for detecting clinically diagnosed VBI

Da afirmação da vontade de vida: "Suplemento 45"

O trabalho não apresenta resumo

Placentation in the paca (Agouti paca L)

BACKGROUND: The paca is a South American rodent with potential as a commercial food animal. We examined paca placenta as part of a wider effort to understand the reproductive biology of this species. METHODS: Thirteen specimens between midgestation and term of pregnancy were studied by light and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: The placenta is divided into several lobes separated by interlobular trophoblast. Maternal arterial channels and fetal veins are found at the centre of each lobe. In the labyrinth, maternal blood flows through trophoblast-lined lacunae in close proximity to the fetal capillaries. The interhaemal barrier is of the haemomonochorial type with a single layer of syncytiotrophoblast. Caveolae occur in the apical membrane of the syncytiotrophoblast and recesses in the basal membrane, but there is no evidence of transtrophoblastic channels. The interlobular areas consist of cords of syncytiotrophoblast defining maternal blood channels that drain the labyrinth. Yolk sac endoderm covers much of the fetal surface of the placenta. The subplacenta comprises cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast. There are dilated intercellular spaces between the cytotrophoblasts and lacunae lined by syncytiotrophoblast. In the junctional zone between subplacenta and decidua, there are nests of multinucleated giant cells with vacuolated cytoplasm. The entire placenta rests on a pedicle of maternal tissue. An inverted yolk sac placenta is also present. The presence of small vesicles and tubules in the apical membrane of the yolk sac endoderm and larger vesicles in the supranuclear region suggest that the yolk sac placenta participates in maternal-fetal transfer of protein. CONCLUSION: The paca placenta closely resembles that of other hystricomorph rodents. The lobulated structure allows for a larger exchange area and the development of precocial young

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: a case report

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is an important clinical entity, due to its sonographic symptomatology. In Brazil, in utero diagnosis is not accomplished despite the improvements in diagnostic methods. We report a congenital infection including: splenomegaly and hepatomegaly, hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis, intracranial calcifications, hyperechoic kidneys, hyperechoic bowel, cardiomegaly, lung hypoplasia, ascites, and pericardial effusion. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the sonographic findings. Amniocentesis was performed for cytomegalovirus PCR in amniotic fluid, which confirmed fetal infection. Fetal loss occurred in the 31st week of pregnancy. Necropsy studies confirmed the sonographic findings. The diagnostic methods have been useful to confirm congenital cytomegalovirus infection and to establish fetal outcome.A citomegalovirose congênita sintomática é entidade clínica de grande importância devido a sua vasta sintomatologia fetal. No Brasil, o diagnóstico intra-útero é ainda pouco realizado, apesar do grande arsenal propedêutico. Relatamos um caso de citomegalovirose congênita grave com hepatoesplenomegalia, agenesia parcial do vérmix cerebelar, calcificações intracranianas, placentomegalia, aumento da ecogenicidade intestinal e renal, cardiomegalia, hipoplasia pulmonar, derrame pericárdico e ascite. A ressonância nuclear magnética fetal foi utilizada para confirmação dos achados ultra-sonográficos. A amniocentese foi realizada para análise do líquido amniótico por meio da PCR, sendo evidenciado resultado positivo. O óbito fetal foi constatado na 31ª semana de gestação, sendo confirmados os achados através da citopatologia e estudo anatomopatológico do natimorto. O arsenal propedêutico existente, na atualidade, para diagnóstico intra-útero da citomegalovirose congênita é de grande importância para confirmação diagnóstica e determinação do prognóstico fetal.Instituto Materno Infantil Prof. Fernando Figueira IMIPUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESPSciEL