Spatio-temporal dynamics of dengue-related deaths and associated factors

Since the reintroduction of dengue viruses in 1987, Sao Paulo State (SP), Brazil, has experienced recurrent epidemics in a growing number of municipalities, each time with more cases and deaths. In the present study, we investigated the spatio-temporal dynamics of dengue-related deaths and associated factors in SP. This was an ecological study with spatial and temporal components, based on notified dengue-related deaths in the municipalities of SP between 2007 and 2017. A latent Gaussian Bayesian model with Poisson probability distribution was used to estimate the standardized mortality ratios (SMR) for dengue and relative risks (RR) for the socioeconomic, demographic, healthcare-related, and epidemiological factors considered. Epidemiological factors included the annual information on the number of circulating serotypes. A total of 1,019 dengue-related deaths (0.22 per 100,000 inhabitant-years) between 2007 and 2017 were confirmed in SP by laboratory testing. Mortality increased with age, peaking at 70 years or older (1.41 deaths per 100,000 inhabitant-years). Mortality was highest in 2015, and the highest SMR values were found in the North, Northwest, West, and coastal regions of SP. An increase of one circulating serotype, one standard deviation in the number of years with cases, and one standard deviation in the degree of urbanization were associated with increases of 75, 35, and 45% in the risk of death from dengue, respectively. The risk of death from dengue increased with age, and the distribution of deaths was heterogeneous in space and time. The positive relationship found between the number of dengue serotypes circulating and years with cases at the municipality/micro-region level indicates that this information can be used to identify risk areas, intensify surveillance and control measures, and organize healthcare to better respond to this disease

Technological Evaluation of Cubati/Brazil Montmorillonite / Avaliação Tecnológica da Montmorillonita de Cubati/Brasil

The aim of this work was the technological characterization of sample fraction from Cubati region, Pedra Lavrada – Paraíba State, Brazil, in order to evaluate its further applications as drug adsorber and as oil drilling fluid. The sample had been properly processed and characterized by X-ray diffractometry, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, cation exchange capacity, thermo-differential and thermogravimetric analysis, determination of textural properties by BET and B.J.H. methods, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and surface charge measurements by means of Zeta potential. The results obtained showed that the studied sample is essentially composed by montmorillonite (smectite), kaolinite, quartz and dolomite, with high contents of silica (37.4%), alumina (17.2%), calcium oxide (5.7%) and iron oxide (7.5%). The CEC value obtained (41.0 meq 100 g-1), is due to the presence of kaolinite, which was confirmed by XRD, DTA-TG/DTG and FTIR results. BET and B.J.H. models showed that it is a mesoporous clay mineral, with a surface area of 84.81 m2 g-1. The surface charge measurement by Zeta Potential showed that this clay mineral is negatively charged in almost all of pH range studied. Thus, it has high adsorptive potential of drugs cationic species, while activation with sodium carbonate associated with organophilization process allow its application as oil drilling fluid

Elaboração e avaliação sensorial de Geladinho Detox / Elaboration and sensorial evaluation of Detox Ice Cream

A preocupação com a saúde e o bem-estar do corpo acarreta com que as pessoas se alimentem de maneira saudável. Considerando o grande consumo de geladinho na região Potiguar e os benefícios provenientes do consumo de frutas e hortaliças, objetivou-se elaborar e avaliar sensorialmente geladinho detox elaborado com folha de couve, abacaxi e hortelã. Realizou-se a avaliação sensorial de aceitação e atitude de compra na Escola Estadual João Tomás Neto, situada na cidade de Lagoa de Pedras-RN. As amostras foram avaliadas microbiologicamente. Foram avaliados os atributos de aparência, cor, aroma, sabor, textura e impressão global. De acordo com os resultados da análise microbiológica, os geladinhos detox encontravam-se de acordo com o especificado pela legislação vigente. A análise sensorial de aceitação demonstrou resultados satisfatórios. O resultado da análise sensorial de atitude de compra não foi satisfatório, pois o valor médio foi inferior à 3, ficando, assim, fora dos escores positivos (acima de três). Este resultado pode ser explicado pelo fato de a faixa etária dos avaliadores estar entre 15 e 18 anos. Concluiu-se que é viável a elaboração do geladinho detox, pois sua produção teve um baixo custo. Porém, estudos posteriores devem ser desenvolvidos com julgadores que estejam dispostos a consumir um alimento mais nutritivo, com por exemplo, pessoas que praticam algum esporte, ou que frequentem academias, dessa forma possivelmente a atitude de compra apresentará resultados mais satisfatórios

Primeiro levantamento de mosca das frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) e diversidade de parasitoides entre frutos de myrtaceae em todo o Estado da Bahia, Brasil

The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species that use myrtaceous fruit, particularly guava, as hosts in several localities in the state of Bahia and to determine the infestation rates, pupal viability rates, and fruit fly-parasitoid associations. Sampling of myrtaceous fruit was carried out in 24 municipalities in different regions in the state of Bahia. Four fruit fly species, Anastrepha fraterculus, Anastrepha zenildae, Anastrepha sororcula, and Ceratitis capitata were obtained from the collected fruit. Three parasitoid species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) emerged from Anastrepha larvae/pupae, Doryctobracon areolatus, Utetes anastrephae, and Asobara anastrephae. Doryctobracon areolatus emerged from A. fraterculus, A. sororcula and A. zenildae; Utetes anastrephae emerged from A. fraterculus and A. zenildae; and Asobara anastrephae emerged from A. fraterculus. Fruit fly and myrtaceous fruit associations are reported for the first time in several municipalities in the state of Bahia. A. zenildae was found infesting Syzygium malaccense for the first time in Brazil

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Idade Relativa e Tempo de Passagem para Eremanthus incanus (Less.) Less em Uma Área em Recuperação no Município de Diamantina, MG

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a idade relativa e o tempo de passagem dos indivíduos de Eremanthus incanus presente em uma área em recuperação, com avaliações periódicas ao longo de 4 anos. Os dados utilizados foram coletados na cidade de Diamantina, MG, por meio de inventários florestais contínuos em uma área de aproximadamente 2,15 hectares, totalizando 9 inventários florestais, os quais foram agrupados em classe de diâmetro de 3 e 5 cm. Foram testados três modelos para estimar o incremento periódico médio mensal em diâmetro por centro de classe diamétrica. Através da melhor equação foram calculados a idade relativa e o tempo de passagem. Todos os três modelos ajustados foram melhores com a amplitude de classe de 3 cm. A idade relativa e o tempo de passagem para os indivíduos de E. incanus alcançarem a menor classe de diâmetro foram de 4 e 2 anos, respectivamente