Guarantee System of Science and Technology Innovation Policy in the Comprehensive National Science Center: Evidence from China

The research is financed by the Key Research Project of Humanities and Social Science of Education Department of Anhui Province (SK2015A298/ AHSKY2014D16), Major Economic and Social Development in Anhui Province (AHZF2018D01), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK2160000007/ WK2160000009). Abstract Aiming to gain competitive advantages in the international scientific and technological innovation, Chinese government initiated to build comprehensive national science center (CNSC) since 2016. Science and technology innovation policy is playing a significant and irreplaceable role in the construction and development of CNSC. From the perspective of public policy, the current study analyzed the policies of CNSC at both national and ministerial level, judged its characteristics and strategic functions, and provided practical suggestions. The comprehensive analyses indicated that these policies can effectively guarantee the system of CNSC with regarding to the talent development, science and technology financial development, intellectual property protection, and transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Keywords: CNSC, Policy analysis, Science and technology innovation polic

Analyzing the Comprehensive National Science Center in China: From A Perspective of Complex Innovation System

  The research is financed by the Key Research Project of Humanities and Social Science of Education Department of Anhui Province (SK2015A298/ SK2014A210), Major Economic and Social Development in Anhui Province (AHZF2018D01), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK2160000007/ WK2160000009). Abstract The current study comprehensively investigated the emerging topic on the comprehensive national science center (CNSC) in China. Drawing on the innovation system theory, we proposed that CNSC is a new complex innovation system. Specifically, we investigated its characteristics, systematic components, and structural relations from a systematic perspective. Our analyses showed that CNSC has several system characteristics including platform factor, resource factor, subjective factor, service factor, and environment factor. Moreover, we suggested that the development of CNSC can facilitate the establishment of an innovation subject system (including knowledge innovation system, technology innovation system, and innovation diffusion system) and an innovation support system (including management operating system, resource support system, and environment support system). The current study contributes to the growing research on CNSC by providing a clear and complete picture of why, how and when it works within the innovation system. The results provide a reference to the government and other participants in regard to clearly recognizing and effectively managing CNSC in China. Keywords: CNSC, Innovation Systems, Systematic Stud

Preparation and characterization of polypropylene/silica composite particle with interpenetrating network via hot emulsion sol–gel approach

AbstractA novel interpenetrating structural ultrafine polypropylene-silica nanocomposite particles were synthesized by a modified sol–gel approach in the presence of the melt polypropylene emulsion. A series of samples with different polypropylene content was prepared to investigate the unique characteristics of this original nanocomposite. The thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the nanocomposites had the interpenetrating structure and good thermal stability, and the crystallization behavior of polypropylene was confined by the silica matrix. The interpenetrating structure of nanocomposites was also suggested by the nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurement results. The scanning electronic microscope and transmission electron microscopy images indicated that the nanocomposites had irregular particle morphology. The nanoparticle tracking analysis results show that the mean size of the nanocomposites was around 160nm. According to the results obtained from different measurements, a reasonable formation mechanism was proposed

Linking Mentoring and Job Search Behavior: A Moderated Mediation Model

The present research aims to explore the impact of mentoring relationship on college graduates’ job search behavior among Chinese undergraduate students by examining the mediator of job search intention and the moderator of job search self-efficacy. A two-wave survey study was conducted in China (N = 594). Our findings show a positive indirect relation between mentoring and college graduates’ job search behaviors through job search intention. The graduates’ job search self-efficacy positively moderated the indirect relationship such that when job search self-efficacy was higher, the influence of mentoring on behavior via job search intention was stronger. These findings extend the literature by clarifying how and when mentoring facilitates graduates’ job search behaviors and provide practical implications for facilitating a smooth school-to-work transition in China. As the first study that empirically clarifies why (through job search intention) and when (job search self-efficacy) mentoring function is positively related to job search behavior among Chinese undergraduate students, the present study contributes to the existing mentoring and job search literature. Future research is encouraged to extend the findings by integrating theory of planned behavior (TPB) with self-regulation theory toward deepening current understanding of how and when mentoring can contribute to a student’s success in job search behavior

Mitophagy protects against silver nanoparticle–induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting mitochondrial ROS and the NLRP3 inflammasome

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have wide clinical applications because of their excellent antibacterial properties; however, they can cause liver inflammation in animals. Macrophages are among the main cells mediating inflammation and are also responsible for the phagocytosis of nanomaterials. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a major mechanism of inflammation, and its activation both induces cytokine release and triggers inflammatory cell death (i.e., pyroptosis). In previous studies, we demonstrated that mitophagy activation plays a protective role against AgNP-induced hepatotoxicity. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying these processes are not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate that AgNP exposure induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation, mitochondrial damage and pyroptosis in vivo and in vitro. NLRP3 silencing or inhibiting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction reduces PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Meanwhile, the inhibition of mitophagy ROS production, mitochondrial, NLRP3-mediated inflammation, and pyroptosis in RAW264.7 cells were more pronounced than in the control group. These results suggest that PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy plays a protective role by reducing AgNP-induced mitochondrial ROS and subsequent NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Influence of polydopamine-mediated surface modification on oxygen-release capacity of haemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

Oxidative toxicity has impeded the development of haemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) by causing methaemoglobin (MetHb) formation and inducing oxidative stress. In our previous work, polydopamine-coated haemoglobin (Hb-PDA) nanoparticles have been designed and synthesized with the capacity to reduce oxidative toxicity. In this investigation, the mass ratio of dopamine (DA) to haemoglobin (Hb) and the pH value are found to be the primary factors that influence preparation of Hb-PDA nanoparticles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the catechol groups of DA play a crucial role in the modification of Hb surface. Hb-PDA nanoparticles were found to exhibit oxidative protection from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the change of mitochondrial membrane potential showed that the Hb-PDA nanoparticles reduced H2O2-induced apoptosis. It is demonstrated that modification of PDA could maintain the oxygen-release capacity of Hb. These findings confirm that Hb-PDA nanoparticles possess restrained oxidative toxicity and preserve oxygen-release capacity

Bioinspired Polydopamine-Coated Hemoglobin as Potential Oxygen Carrier with Antioxidant Properties

Oxidative side reaction is one of the major factors hindering the development of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs). To avoid the oxidative toxicity, we designed and synthesized polydopamine-coated hemoglobin (Hb-PDA) nanoparticles via simple one-step assemblage without any toxic reagent. Hb-PDA nanoparticles showed oxidative protection of Hb by inhibiting the generation of methemoglobin (MetHb) and ferryl (Fe IV) Hb, as well as excellent antioxidant properties by scavenging free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, the scavenging rate of Hb-PDA nanoparticles for ABTS(+) radical is at most 89%, while for DPPH radical it reaches 49%. In addition, Hb-PDA efficiently reduced the intracellular H2O2-induced ROS generation. Moreover, Hb-PDA nanoparticles exhibited high oxygen affinity, low effect on blood constituents, and low cytotoxicity. The results indicate that polydopamine-coated hemoglobin might be a promising approach for constructing novel oxygen carriers with the capacity to reduce oxidative side reaction.</p