Quantum Efficiency of Charge Qubit Measurements Using a Single Electron Transistor

The quantum efficiency, which characterizes the quality of information gain against information loss, is an important figure of merit for any realistic quantum detectors in the gradual process of collapsing the state being measured. In this work we consider the problem of solid-state charge qubit measurements with a single-electron-transistor (SET). We analyze two models: one corresponds to a strong response SET, and the other is a tunable one in response strength. We find that the response strength would essentially bound the quantum efficiency, making the detector non-quantum-limited. Quantum limited measurements, however, can be achieved in the limits of strong response and asymmetric tunneling. The present study is also associated with appropriate justifications for the measurement and backaction-dephasing rates, which were usually evaluated in controversial methods.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure

Recovery of platinum, palladium and rhodium from acidic chloride leach solution using ion exchange resins

The objective of this study was to investigate the applicability and performance of the selected ion exchangers with different physicochemical characteristics and functional groups to simultaneously recover three different platinum group elements (PGE), platinum(IV), palladium(II) and rhodium(III), present in a chloride solution produced by the leaching of spent automotive catalysts. The tested ion exchangers included a resin with a quaternary ammonium functional group (Lewatit MonoPlus (M +) MP 600), a resin with a polyamine functional group (Purolite S985) and a resin with a thiouronium functional group (XUS 43600.00). The study also focused on the achievable desorption from the loaded resins using different eluent systems. The leach solution was chlorine-saturated and contained 2.35 mol/L hydrochloric acid, platinum and palladium in concentrations of 0.13 mmol/L, and rhodium 0.03 mmol/L. It was found that XUS 43600.00 showed the best adsorption performance for platinum(IV) and palladium(II) chloride complexes among the investigated resins, but weak affinity for rhodium(III) chloride complexes was observed for all three resins. The adsorption kinetics were found to obey the Ho pseudo-second order expression. For Lewatit MonoPlus (M +) MP 600 and Purolite S985 the adsorption was best described by the Freundlich isotherm, while for XUS 43600.00 the Langmuir isotherm was more apt. Desorption of the PGE was examined using four different elution agents: sodium thiocyanate (2 mol/L), hydrochloric acid (2 mol/L), thiourea (1 mol/L) in hydrochloric acid (2 mol/L), and thiourea (1 mol/L) in sodium hydroxide (2 mol/L). The results showed that platinum and palladium can be fully eluted with the acidic thiourea but desorption of rhodium proved difficult with all the eluents

Involving Low-Pressure Plasma for Surface Pre-Treatment and Post Print Sintering of Silver Tracks on Polymer Substrates

A method of production conductive silver tracks on thermally sensitive polymer (BOPP) was offered, involving plasma for preprint polymer surface activation to enable better adhesion properties and postprint selective etching to reduce amounts of polymer and raise electroconductivity. Inkjet, spin coating, and roll-blade coating were the methods of application of silver nanoparticle inks. We report to achieve two magnitudes lower sheet resistance of silver thin film with no effect on polymer substrate. This method with little modification could be adopted for production of flexible electronics on highly thermally sensitive polymers. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3539

Heterogeneous photo-Fenton degradation of organics using highly efficient Cu-doped LaFeO 3 under visible light

Cu-doped LaFeO3 was prepared by a facile hydrothermal reaction and evaluated as highly efficient photo-Fenton-like catalyst under visible light for organic degradation. The use of LFO-15Cu (LaFe0.85Cu0.15O3), which possessed favourable physicochemical characteristics, could achieve almost complete decolourisation of cation and anion dyes within 60 min visible light irradiation. The mechanism study by ESR spectroscopy confirmed LFO-15Cu could activate H2O2 under visible light to generate many more hydroxyl radicals than LFO (LaFeO3). LFO-15Cu was proven with excellent stability and reusability; and in turn showed great potential for use in continuous photo-Fenton-like degradation of organic in water under visible light

Facile fabrication of perovskite-incorporated hierarchically mesoporous/macroporous silica for efficient photoassisted-Fenton degradation of dye

LaFeO3-doped hierarchically mesoporous/macroporous silica (LFO/MMS) was prepared for the first time by impregnation method and then calcination. The sample was characterized in detail, suggesting the successful incorporation of LFO into MMS which was consisting of mesopores and macropores. The high surface area, accessible pores as well as low band gap energy supported its high performance towards efficient photoassisted-Fenton degradation of dye under visible light irradiation. Rhodamine B (RhB), which has been widely used as one of typical synthetic dyes in textile industry, was selected as the dye model. It was found that the incorporation of LFO into the MMS support induced a significant enhancement in the visible-light photo-Fenton catalytic performance, as compared with pure LFO. The degradation rate using LFO/MMS under the conditions (temperature = 25 °C, catalyst dosage = 1 g L−1, initial dye concentration = 10 mg L−1, initial H2O2 concentration = 10 mM and initial pH = 6) was 95.6% after 90-min exposure to the visible light. This was 7% and 19.8% greater than that of LFO and MMS, respectively. In particular, the pseudo-first-order reaction rate constant for LFO/MMS was 0.0367 min−1, which was approximately 2 times higher than that for pure LFO (0.0215 min−1). The newly developed catalyst, LFO/MMS, showed a good stability for recycle and reuse, which is crucial for its potential use in industrial application

Tubular structures of GaS

In this Brief Report we demonstrate, using density-functional tight-binding theory, that gallium sulfide (GaS) tubular nanostructures are stable and energetically viable. The GaS-based nanotubes have a semiconducting direct gap which grows towards the value of two-dimensional hexagonal GaS sheet and is in contrast to carbon nanotubes largely independent of chirality. We further report on the mechanical properties of the GaS-based nanotubes

Cumulants and the moment algebra: tools for analysing weak measurements

Recently it has been shown that cumulants significantly simplify the analysis of multipartite weak measurements. Here we consider the mathematical structure that underlies this, and find that it can be formulated in terms of what we call the moment algebra. Apart from resulting in simpler proofs, the flexibility of this structure allows generalizations of the original results to a number of weak measurement scenarios, including one where the weakly interacting pointers reach thermal equilibrium with the probed system.Comment: Journal reference added, minor correction

Validity of the scaling functional approach for polymer interfaces as a variational theory

We discuss the soundness of the scaling functional (SF) approach proposed by Aubouy Guiselin and Raphael (Macromolecules 29, 7261 (1996)) to describe polymeric interfaces. In particular, we demonstrate that this approach is a variational theory. We emphasis the role of SF theory as an important link between ground-state theories suitable to describe adsorbed layers, and "classical" theories for polymer brushes.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, to be published in Phys. Rev.

Ground State Entanglement Energetics

We consider the ground state of simple quantum systems coupled to an environment. In general the system is entangled with its environment. As a consequence, even at zero temperature, the energy of the system is not sharp: a projective measurement can find the system in an excited state. We show that energy fluctuation measurements at zero temperature provide entanglement information. For two-state systems which exhibit a persistent current in the ground state, energy fluctuations and persistent current fluctuations are closely related. The harmonic oscillator serves to illustrate energy fluctuations in a system with an infinite number of states. In addition to the energy distribution we discuss the energy-energy time-correlation function in the zero-temperature limit.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure

The Five Factor Model of personality and evaluation of drug consumption risk

The problem of evaluating an individual's risk of drug consumption and misuse is highly important. An online survey methodology was employed to collect data including Big Five personality traits (NEO-FFI-R), impulsivity (BIS-11), sensation seeking (ImpSS), and demographic information. The data set contained information on the consumption of 18 central nervous system psychoactive drugs. Correlation analysis demonstrated the existence of groups of drugs with strongly correlated consumption patterns. Three correlation pleiades were identified, named by the central drug in the pleiade: ecstasy, heroin, and benzodiazepines pleiades. An exhaustive search was performed to select the most effective subset of input features and data mining methods to classify users and non-users for each drug and pleiad. A number of classification methods were employed (decision tree, random forest, $k$-nearest neighbors, linear discriminant analysis, Gaussian mixture, probability density function estimation, logistic regression and na{\"i}ve Bayes) and the most effective classifier was selected for each drug. The quality of classification was surprisingly high with sensitivity and specificity (evaluated by leave-one-out cross-validation) being greater than 70\% for almost all classification tasks. The best results with sensitivity and specificity being greater than 75\% were achieved for cannabis, crack, ecstasy, legal highs, LSD, and volatile substance abuse (VSA).Comment: Significantly extended report with 67 pages, 27 tables, 21 figure