572 research outputs found
Оценка взаимосвязи иммунного статуса и холестеринового профиля у пациентов с облитерирующим атеросклерозом артерий нижних конечностей
АРТЕРИОСКЛЕРОЗ ОБЛИТЕРИРУЮЩИЙИММУНИТЕТКОНЕЧНОСТЬ НИЖНЯЯХОЛЕСТЕРИ
Экономическая эффективность ранней диагностики и реабилитации при заболеваниях желчевыводящей системы у детей в Республике Беларусь
экономика медицинскаяжелчных путей болезниздравоохранение Республики Беларус
Compilation of cost-effectiveness evidence for different heart conditions and treatment strategies
Including Both Costs and Effects – The Challenge of Using Cost-Effectiveness Data in National-Level Policy-Making: A Response to Recent Commentaries
Use of cost-effectiveness data in priority setting decisions: experiences from the national guidelines for heart diseases in Sweden
Background:
The inclusion of cost-effectiveness data, as a basis for priority setting rankings, is a distinguishing feature
in the formulation of the Swedish national guidelines. Guidelines are generated with the direct intent to influence
health policy and support decisions about the efficient allocation of scarce healthcare resources. Certain medical
conditions may be given higher priority rankings i.e. given more resources than others, depending on how serious the
medical condition is. This study investigated how a decision-making group, the Priority Setting Group (PSG), used
cost-effectiveness data in ranking priority setting decisions in the national guidelines for heart diseases.
Methods:
A qualitative case study methodology was used to explore the use of such data in ranking priority setting
healthcare decisions. The study addressed availability of cost-effectiveness data, evidence understanding, interpretation
difficulties, and the reliance on evidence. We were also interested in the explicit use of data in ranking decisions,
especially in situations where economic arguments impacted the reasoning behind the decisions.
Results:
This study showed that cost-effectiveness data was an important and integrated part of the decision-making
process. Involvement of a health economist and reliance on the data facilitated the use of cost-effectiveness data.
Economic arguments were used both as a fine-tuning instrument and a counterweight for dichotomization. Cost-
effectiveness data were used when the overall evidence base was weak and the decision-makers had trouble making
decisions due to lack of clinical evidence and in times of uncertainty. Cost-effectiveness data were also used for
decisions on the introduction of new expensive medical technologies.
Conclusion:
Cost-effectiveness data matters in decision-making processes and the results of this study could be
applicable to other jurisdictions where health economics is implemented in decision-making. This study contributes
to knowledge on how cost-effectiveness data is used in actual decision-making, to ensure that the decisions are offered
on equal terms and that patients receive medical care according their needs in order achieve maximum benefit
Power market models for the clean energy transition: State of the art and future research needs
As power systems around the world are rapidly evolving to achieve decarbonization objectives, it is crucial that power system planners and operators use appropriate models and tools to analyze and address the associated challenges. This paper provides a detailed overview of the properties of power market models in the context of the clean energy transition. We review common power market model methodologies, their readiness for low- and zero‑carbon grids, and new power market trends. Based on the review, we suggest model improvements and new designs to increase modeling capabilities for future grids. The paper highlights key modeling concepts related to power system flexibility, with a particular focus on hydropower and energy storage, as well as the representation of grid services, price formation, temporal structure, and the importance of uncertainty. We find that a changing resource mix, market restructuring, and growing price uncertainty require more precise modeling techniques to adequately capture the new technology constraints and the dynamics of future power markets. In particular, models must adequately represent resource opportunity costs, multi-horizon flexibility, and energy storage capabilities across the full range of grid services. Moreover, at the system level, it is increasingly important to consider sub-hourly time resolution, enhanced uncertainty representation, and introduce co-optimization for dual market clearing of energy and grid services. Likewise, models should capture interdependencies between multiple energy carriers and demand sectors.publishedVersio
Properties of Generalized Freud Polynomials
We consider the semi-classical generalized Freud weight function
w?(x;t)=|x|2?+1exp(?x4+tx2),x??,
with ?>?1 and t?? parameters. We analyze the asymptotic behavior of the sequences of monic polynomials that are orthogonal with respect to w?(x;t), as well as the asymptotic behavior of the recurrence coefficient, when the degree, or alternatively, the parameter t, tend to infinity. We also investigate existence and uniqueness of positive solutions of the nonlinear difference equation satisfied by the recurrence coefficients and prove properties of the zeros of the generalized Freud polynomials
The exponential law: Monopole detectors, Bogoliubov transformations, and the thermal nature of the Euclidean vacuum in RP^3 de Sitter spacetime
We consider scalar field theory on the RP^3 de Sitter spacetime (RP3dS),
which is locally isometric to de Sitter space (dS) but has spatial topology
RP^3. We compare the Euclidean vacua on RP3dS and dS in terms of three
quantities that are relevant for an inertial observer: (i) the stress-energy
tensor; (ii) the response of an inertial monopole particle detector; (iii) the
expansion of the Euclidean vacuum in terms of many-particle states associated
with static coordinates centered at an inertial world line. In all these
quantities, the differences between RP3dS and dS turn out to fall off
exponentially at early and late proper times along the inertial trajectory. In
particular, (ii) and (iii) yield at early and late proper times in RP3dS the
usual thermal result in the de Sitter Hawking temperature. This conforms to
what one might call an exponential law: in expanding locally de Sitter
spacetimes, differences due to global topology should fall off exponentially in
the proper time.Comment: 22 pages, REVTex v3.1 with amsfonts and epsf, includes 2 eps figures.
(v2: Minor typos corrected, references updated.
Free subgroups of one-relator relative presentations
Suppose that G is a nontrivial torsion-free group and w is a word over the
alphabet G\cup\{x_1^{\pm1},...,x_n^{\pm1}\}. It is proved that for n\ge2 the
group \~G= always contains a nonabelian free subgroup.
For n=1 the question about the existence of nonabelian free subgroups in \~G is
answered completely in the unimodular case (i.e., when the exponent sum of x_1
in w is one). Some generalisations of these results are discussed.Comment: V3: A small correction in the last phrase of the proof of Theorem 1.
4 page
Scalar Levin-Type Sequence Transformations
Sequence transformations are important tools for the convergence acceleration
of slowly convergent scalar sequences or series and for the summation of
divergent series. Transformations that depend not only on the sequence elements
or partial sums but also on an auxiliary sequence of so-called remainder
estimates are of Levin-type if they are linear in the , and
nonlinear in the . Known Levin-type sequence transformations are
reviewed and put into a common theoretical framework. It is discussed how such
transformations may be constructed by either a model sequence approach or by
iteration of simple transformations. As illustration, two new sequence
transformations are derived. Common properties and results on convergence
acceleration and stability are given. For important special cases, extensions
of the general results are presented. Also, guidelines for the application of
Levin-type sequence transformations are discussed, and a few numerical examples
are given.Comment: 59 pages, LaTeX, invited review for J. Comput. Applied Math.,
abstract shortene
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