Pembuatan Aplikasi Pembelajaran Matematika Untuk Android Mobile Dengan Komunikasi Device-Server

Belakangan ini, perkembangan Android semakin meningkat di pasaran. Pengguna android berasal dari berbagai kalangan. Tidak hanya orang dewasa saja yang mengenal gadget ini, melainkan anak-anak pun senang memainkan gadget ini. Adanya teknologi yang berkembang seperti ini menjadikan anak-anak semakin malas untuk belajar, mereka lebih memilih menghabiskan waktunya untuk bermain dengan gadget mereka.Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini dibuat sebuah aplikasi yang dapat membantu pembelajaran anak-anak melalui device Android, khususnya pada pelajaran Matematika. Dengan adanya aplikasi ini, anak-anak akan diajak belajar sekaligus bermain, sehingga belajar akan menjadi lebih menarik bagi anak-anak. Aplikasi yang digunakan untuk mengimplementasikan penelitian ini yaitu aplikasi Eclipse. Pada aplikasi juga diterapkan penggunakan Google Cloud Messaging untuk membantu komunikasi antara dua device saat multiplayer game dimainkan.Hasil pengujian aplikasi menunjukan bahwa proses penggunaan aplikasi membutuhkan koneksi internet yang kuat, terutama saat mengimplementasikan multiplayer game. Aplikasi ini nantinya dapat dikembangkan sehingga dapat menambah pengetahuan anak-anak terhadap pelajaran lain selain matematika

Signatures of the post-hydration heating of highly aqueously altered CM carbonaceous chondrites and implications for interpreting asteroid sample returns

The CM carbonaceous chondrites have all been aqueously altered, and some of them were subsequently heated in a parent body environment. Here we have sought to understand the impact of short duration heating on a highly aqueously altered CM through laboratory experiments on Allan Hills (ALH) 83100. Unheated ALH 83100 contains 83 volume per cent serpentine within the fine-grained matrix and altered chondrules. The matrix also hosts grains of calcite and dolomite, which are often intergrown with tochilinite, Fe(Ni) sulphides (pyrrhotite, pentlandite), magnetite and organic matter. Some of the magnetite formed by replacement of Fe(Ni) sulphides that were accreted from the nebula. Laboratory heating to 400 °C has caused partial dehydroxylation of serpentine and loss of isotopically light oxygen leading to an increase in bulk δ18O and fall in Δ17O. Tochilinite has decomposed to magnetite, whereas carbonates have remained unaltered. With regards to infrared spectroscopy (4000–400 cm-1; 2.5–25 µm), heating to 400 °C has resulted in decreased emissivity (increased reflectance), a sharper and more symmetric OH band at 3684 cm-1 (2.71 µm), a broadening of the Si—O stretching band together with movement of its minimum to longer wavenumbers, and a decreasing depth of the Mg—OH band (625 cm-1; 16 µm). The Si—O bending band is unmodified by mild heating. With heating to 800 °C the serpentine has fully dehydroxylated and recrystallized to ∼Fo60/70 olivine. Bulk δ18O has further increased and Δ17O decreased. Troilite and pyrrhotite have formed, and recrystallization of pentlandite has produced Fe,Ni metal. Calcite and dolomite were calcined at ∼700 °C and in their place is an un-named Ca-Fe oxysulphide. Heating changes the structural order of organic matter so that Raman spectroscopy of carbon in the 800 °C sample shows an increased (D1 + D4) proportional area parameter. The infrared spectrum of the 800 °C sample confirms the abundance of Fe-bearing olivine and is very similar to the spectrum of naturally heated stage IV CM Pecora Escarpment 02010. The temperature-related mineralogical, chemical, isotopic and spectroscopic signatures defined in ALH 83100 will help to track the post-hydration thermal histories of carbonaceous chondrite meteorites, and samples returned from the primitive asteroids Ryugu and Bennu

Bentham, Not Epicurus: The Relevance of Pleasure to Studies of Drug-Involved Pain

There is a disproportionate focus on pain over pleasure in policy-relevant research on drugs. This is unfortunate because theories of and findings on drug-involved pleasure can be used to inform knowledge of drug-involved pain. The cross-fertilization of theories and findings is bolstered by the availability of a conceptual framework that links drug-involved pain and pleasure in a comprehensive, powerful, simple, and instrumental manner. This article proposes such a framework. It consists of four types of drug-involved pain and pleasure: drug-specific corporal; drug-related corporal; economic; and, social. This quaternary scheme is illustrated with findings from four literatures, namely those on methamphetamine use; alcohol-related sexual contact among college students; resource transfer among drug users and dealers; and, relational and communal issues related to drugs. The article concludes with implications for the field

Culture(s) of control: Political dynamics in cannabis policy in England & Wales and the Netherlands

© 2016, © The Author(s) 2016. This paper draws upon an empirical comparative study of policy-making in England & Wales and the Netherlands. Recent changes in cannabis policy prima facie indicate some convergence towards a toughening of approaches, thereby suggesting commonalities in control cultures. However, analysis of findings illuminate significant differences in the policy process between these jurisdictions which contribute towards continued divergence towards small-scale supply and consumption of cannabis. It is argued that this can be understood and explained through an understanding of differences in both political institutions and cultures, and in organizational responsibilities and relations of power. Consequentially, this further supports the notion that comparative research and theorizing needs to take account of mechanisms and features which lead to variegated control cultures

Pedoseksuele delinquentie

The number of registered suspects of paedosexual offences has decreased since 1996. In that year, almost 1800 suspects of paedosexual offences were registered with the police. This number decreased to almost 1400 in 2002. Of this group, two-thirds had committed an offence for the first time. This study provides an insight into the nature and scope of paedosexual offences, in so far as known within the judicial system. The study also provides information on perpetrator and victim characteristics and the relationship between the perpetrator and the victim. More so than in the case of other types of offences, perpetrators of paedosexual offences are almost always men. They are also older on average than perpetrators of other types of offences. The majority of victims of paedosexual offences are very young (under the age of 12), and in most cases, the perpetrator is already an acquaintance of the child. In around three-quarters of all cases, the perpetrator comes from the victim’s primary, (daily) family environment. Fathers and father figures constitute the largest category at around 35. In no more than 10% of all cases is the perpetrator a complete stranger to the victim