Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality – a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies

Background: Questions remain about the strength and shape of the dose-response relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and mortality, and the effects of specific types of fruit and vegetables. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify these associations. Methods: PubMed and Embase were searched up to 29 September 2016. Prospective studies of fruit and vegetable intake and cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality were included. Summary relative risks (RRs) were calculated using a random effects model, and the mortality burden globally was estimated; 95 studies (142 publications) were included. Results: For fruits and vegetables combined, the summary RR per 200 g/day was 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.90–0.94, I2 = 0%, n = 15] for coronary heart disease, 0.84 (95% CI: 0.76–0.92, I2 = 73%, n = 10) for stroke, 0.92 (95% CI: 0.90–0.95, I2 = 31%, n = 13) for cardiovascular disease, 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95–0.99, I2 = 49%, n = 12) for total cancer and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.87–0.93, I2 = 83%, n = 15) for all-cause mortality. Similar associations were observed for fruits and vegetables separately. Reductions in risk were observed up to 800 g/day for all outcomes except cancer (600 g/day). Inverse associations were observed between the intake of apples and pears, citrus fruits, green leafy vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, and salads and cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, and between the intake of green-yellow vegetables and cruciferous vegetables and total cancer risk. An estimated 5.6 and 7.8 million premature deaths worldwide in 2013 may be attributable to a fruit and vegetable intake below 500 and 800 g/day, respectively, if the observed associations are causal. Conclusions: Fruit and vegetable intakes were associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and all-cause mortality. These results support public health recommendations to increase fruit and vegetable intake for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and premature mortality

2015/16 seasonal vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation with influenza a(H1N1)pdm09 and B among elderly people in Europe: Results from the I-MOVE+ project

We conducted a multicentre test-negative caseâ\u80\u93control study in 27 hospitals of 11 European countries to measure 2015/16 influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against hospitalised influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B among people aged â\u89¥ 65 years. Patients swabbed within 7 days after onset of symptoms compatible with severe acute respiratory infection were included. Information on demographics, vaccination and underlying conditions was collected. Using logistic regression, we measured IVE adjusted for potential confounders. We included 355 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases, 110 influenza B cases, and 1,274 controls. Adjusted IVE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 42% (95% confidence interval (CI): 22 to 57). It was 59% (95% CI: 23 to 78), 48% (95% CI: 5 to 71), 43% (95% CI: 8 to 65) and 39% (95% CI: 7 to 60) in patients with diabetes mellitus, cancer, lung and heart disease, respectively. Adjusted IVE against influenza B was 52% (95% CI: 24 to 70). It was 62% (95% CI: 5 to 85), 60% (95% CI: 18 to 80) and 36% (95% CI: -23 to 67) in patients with diabetes mellitus, lung and heart disease, respectively. 2015/16 IVE estimates against hospitalised influenza in elderly people was moderate against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B, including among those with diabetes mellitus, cancer, lung or heart diseases

Analyse économique de la prise en charge de la morbidité maternelle grave dans le Languedoc-Roussillon en 2011

Introduction: La morbidité maternelle grave (MMG) représente un indicateur de santé maternelle. Il n'existe pas de données économiques de cette pathologie. L'objectif de l'étude était de décrire le coût de sa prise en charge, et ses déterminants, du point de vue de l'Assurance Maladie et du point de vue du CHU de Montpellier, dans le Languedoc·Roussilion en 20 11. Méthodes: Une étude obsvationnelle multiticentrique, appelée MOMAT, a inclus 438 fenunes enceintes ayant présenté un cas de MMG entre la 24 SA elle 42cme jour post-partum, entre le 1er janvier 2011et le 31 décembre 2011, dans les maternités du Languedoc-Roussillon. Une étude économique anxillaire a été réalisée grâce aux données PMSI des hôpitaux et de comptabilité analytique du CHU de Montpellier. Une régression logistique a été utilisée pour modélisée la probabilité de séjours très coûteux pour l'Assurance Maladie et la probabilité de séjours déficitaires pour le CHU de Montpellier. Résultats: Pour l'Assurance Maladie, la probabilité de séjours très coûteux était augmentée en cas d'antécédent de césarienne, association de plusieurs causes de MMG, durées de séjours supérieures à 7 jours, grossesse multiple et grossesse induite. Pour le CHU de Montpellier, la probabilité de séjours déficitaires était augmentée en cas de multiparité, hémoragie sévère et durées de séjours longues. Conclusion: Cette étude révèle les contradictions entre logique de planification des soins et logique d'efficience. L'efficience du système de santé nécessite une estimation des coûts de prise en charge, dont l'utilité est double : gestion interne des hôpitaux, et fixation des tarifs nationauxMONTPELLIER-BU Médecine UPM (341722108) / SudocMONTPELLIER-BU Médecine (341722104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Preparation of 2,3-dihydro(1,5)benzothiazepines and 2,3-dihydro(1,5)benzodiazepines

2,3-dihydro[1,5] benzothiazepines and diazepines can be prepared by condensation of o-aminothiophenol or o-phenylenediamines with a variety of 3-chlorothieno- or benzothienopropanones

Synthesis of [1,5]benzothiazepine Derivatives

Various derivatives of 2,3-dihydro[1,5]benzothiazepin-4(5H)-ones were synthesized. Alternative route for the synthesis of 5-dimethylaminoethyl-2,3-dihydro[1,5]benzothiazepin-4(5H)-ones and 4-dimethylamionpropoxy-(2H,5H)-[1,5]benzothiazepines are described

Efficient Synthesis of New Beta-lactams

The synthesis of beta-lactams was carried out by N-arylpropionamide cyclisation in a mixture of N,N-dimethylformamide and anhydrous sodium carbonate under nitrogen atmosphere with 50 to 90% yield