DIETARY VITAMIN A AND RISK OF CANCER IN THE WESTERN ELECTRIC STUDY

Intake of dietary provitamin A (carotene) was inversely related to the 19-year incidence of lung cancer in a prospective epidemiological study of 1954 middle-aged men. The relative risks of lung cancer in the first (lowest) to fourth quartiles of the distribution of carotene intake were respectively, 7[middle dot]0, 5[middle dot] 5, 3.0, and 1.0 for all men in the study, and 8[middle dot] 1, 5.6, 3.9, and 1.0 for men who had smoked cigarettes for 30 or more years. Intake of preformed vitamin A (retinol) and intake of other nutrients were not significantly related to the risk of lung cancer. Neither carotene nor retinol intake was significantly related to the risk of other carcinomas grouped together, although for men in whom epidermoid carcinomas of the head and neck subsequently developed, carotene intake tended to be below average. These results support the hypothesis that dietary beta-carotene decreases the risk of lung cancer. However, cigarette smoking also increases the risk of serious diseases other than lung cancer, and there is no evidence that dietary carotenoids affect these other risks in any way.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/24193/1/0000452.pd

Management of intra-abdominal infections : recommendations by the WSES 2016 consensus conference

This paper reports on the consensus conference on the management of intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) which was held on July 23, 2016, in Dublin, Ireland, as a part of the annual World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) meeting. This document covers all aspects of the management of IAIs. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation recommendation is used, and this document represents the executive summary of the consensus conference findings.Peer reviewe

Simulation of Self-affirmation Phenomena in Cognitive Dissonance

The consonance constraint-satisfaction model, which has simulated the major paradigms of classical cognitive dissonance theory, is here extended to deal with more contemporary findings concerning self-affirmation phenomena in dissonance reduction. The key addition to the model, which has also figured in recent simulations of arousal phenomena, is to lessen activity level within the neural network model in selfaffirmation conditions. These and other simulations continue to show that dissonance phenomena can be explained in terms of constraint satisfaction