CONFORTO TÉRMICO EM SALAS DE AULA CLIMATIZADAS PARA O CLIMA QUENTE E ÚMIDO

O estudo do conforto térmico está baseado em pesquisas realizadas em câmaras climatizadas e ambientes reais relacionado ao balanço térmico entre o homem e o ambiente. A partir de uma avaliação realizada em ambientes de salas de aula climatizadas em Maceió/AL, esse estudo propõe analisar as preferências e sensações térmicas para o clima quente e úmido nestes ambientes, devido ao aparente desconforto para o frio observado. A metodologia adotada inclui monitoramento de variáveis ambientais internas (temperatura do ar, velocidade do ar, temperatura de globo e umidade relativa do ar), aplicação de questionários quanto a sensação e preferência térmica dos usuários, concomitantemente a coleta de dados. O modelo de estudo proposto por Fanger (PMV entre +/- 0,50), foi utilizado como índice de análise para o conforto devido ser indicado para ambientes condicionados e por ser parâmetro no estudo de conforto da parte 2 da ABNT NBR 16401:2008 e sua proposta de revisão elaborada com base no texto proposto pela Norma americana ANSI/ASHRAE STANDARD – 55, que pretende ser integrada à Norma Brasileira de Conforto Térmico. A conclusão do estudo feito mostra que o percentual de usuários satisfeitos com o ambiente ao qual estavam submetidos, foi de aproximadamente 50% para todo o período. Os estudos de Fanger, sugerem ambientes confortáveis quando 80% de ocupantes estejam em conforto. Os dados indicam também, em todo o período, leve desconforto para o frio, comprovando a hipótese levantada

INVESTIGAÇÃO DA PREFERÊNCIA TÉRMICA POR GÊNERO EM SALAS DE AULA CLIMATIZADAS PARA O CLIMA QUENTE E ÚMIDO

O conforto térmico é um estudo que envolve a adaptação do indivíduo ao ambiente. Sua avaliação é composta de um processo psicofisiológico no qual podem influir características subjetivas como idade, gênero e forma do corpo. Os estudos propostos por Fanger indica que a mulher possui um metabolismo inferior ao do homem e em geral se sentem confortáveis 1°C mais alto que a preferência masculina. Neste sentido, este artigo buscou investigar a diferença entre a preferência térmica sentida por homens e mulheres em salas de aula climatizadas no clima quente e úmido em Maceió/Al. A metodologia aplicada foi a de monitoramentos de variáveis ambientais e aplicação de questionário de sensação e preferência térmica. Com base nas respostas dadas pelos usuários dos espaços estudados, percebeu-se que não houve diferença significativa entre a preferência térmica para ambos os sexos

Effects of inorganic mercury exposure in the alveolar bone of rats: an approach of qualitative and morphological aspects

Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa (PACI/PROPESP/UFPA/ Brazil), Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brazil (CAPES) – Finance Cod 001Background: In comparison to organic mercury (MeHg), the environmental inorganic mercury (IHg) can be found in some skin-lightening cosmestics were considered “harmless” for a long time. However, recent studies have shown that long-term exposure to low doses of IHg may affect biological systems. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of IHg long-term exposure to the alveolar bone of adult rats. Methods: Adult Wistar rats were distributed in control and HgCl2 exposed (0.375 mg/kg/day). After 45 days, the rats were euthanized and both blood and hemimandibles were collected. Total blood Hg levels were measured and both inorganic and organic components of the alveolar bone were determined through XRD and ATR-FTIR. The microstructure of the alveolar bone was assessed by using micro-CT and the morphometric analysis was performed by using stereomicroscopy. Results: Alterations in the physicochemical components of the alveolar bone of exposed animals were observed. The bone changes represented a tissue reaction at the microstructural level, such as bone volume increase. However, no significant dimensional changes (bone height) were observed. Conclusion: Exposure to IHg at this dose can promote microstructural changes and alteration in the organic and inorganic components in the alveolar bone.publishersversionpublishe

Effects of Fluoride on Submandibular Glands of Mice: Changes in Oxidative Biochemistry, Proteomic Profile, and Genotoxicity

Although fluoride (F) is well-known to prevent dental caries, changes in cell processes in different tissues have been associated with its excessive exposure. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of F exposure on biochemical, proteomic, and genotoxic parameters of submandibular glands. Twenty one old rats (n = 30) were allocated into three groups: 60 days administration of drinking water containing 10 mgF/L, 50 mgF/L, or only deionized water (control). The submandibular glands were collected for oxidative biochemistry, protein expression profile, and genotoxic potential analyses. The results showed that both F concentrations increased the levels of thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and changed the proteomic profile, mainly regarding the cytoskeleton and cellular activity. Only the exposure to 50 mgF/L induced significant changes in DNA integrity. These findings reinforce the importance of continuous monitoring of F concentration in drinking water and the need for strategies to minimize F intake from other sources to obtain maximum preventive/therapeutic effects and avoid potential adverse effects

Bone impairment in adolescent female rats chronically exposed to ethanol

258-262Ethanol consumption has increased among teenagers worldwide considerably,including females. Long-term ethanol consumption in women has been reported to cause bone metabolism imbalance. However, only few studies are available on the impact of long-term ethanol consumptionon bone morphology during adolescence. Here, we report the effects of chronic ethanol consumption on bone structure in adolescent female rats. Twenty female Wistar rats (35 days old) received, by gavage, distilled water (control) or ethanol (6.5 g/kg/day, 22.5% w/v) once daily for 55 days. After ethanol administration, animals were perfused, and the femora were collected. Morphometric evaluations were performed by electron microscopy scanning. Femora length, cortical bone thickness and medullar bone diameter was measured. The results demonstrated that ethanol exposure during adolescence reduced the length of femurs, with a decrease of the anterior thickness, posterior thickness, and mid-lateral diameter (P<0.05). Thus, long-term ethanol intake may lead to alterations on bone morphometry, reducing the thickness of compact bone and femur length in adolescent females

Effects of long-term fluoride exposure are associated with oxidative biochemistry impairment and global proteomic modulation, but not genotoxicity, in parotid glands of mice

Fluoride has become widely used in dentistry because of its effectiveness in caries control. However, evidence indicates that excessive intake interferes with the metabolic processes of different tissues. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term exposure to F on the parotid salivary gland of mice, from the analysis of oxidative, proteomic and genotoxic parameters. The animals received deionized water containing 0, 10 or 50 mg/L of F, as sodium fluoride, for 60 days. After, parotid glands were collected for analysis of oxidative biochemistry, global proteomic profile, genotoxicity assessment and histopathological analyses. The results revealed that exposure to fluoride interfered in the biochemical homeostasis of the parotid gland, with increased levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive species and reduced glutathione in the exposed groups; as well as promoted alteration of the glandular proteomic profile in these groups, especially in structural proteins and proteins related to oxidative stress. However, genotoxic assessment demonstrated that exposure to fluoride did not interfere with DNA integrity in these concentrations and durations of exposure. Also, it was not observed histopathological alterations in parotid gland

Music and software piracy : issues and solutions for music teachers and media intensive educators

The rampant piracy of digital materials is not just a problem for the individual home user. In today\u27s world it is increasingly a concern for educators and their school district as a whole. Many recent court actions have been brought against school districts based the illegal use of unlicensed software and other copyrighted materials. This project presents the issues of music and software piracy and the legalities of the United States Copyright Act. It presents common examples for use in the music or media intensive classroom, as well as legal usage requirements including the payment of royalties and purchase of recording or distribution licenses. Also covered are methods and suggestions on how faculty members can ensure that their school is compliant with current law and beyond the scope of legal actions that can adversely affect the district both financially and in the realm of public relations

Neurotoxicology of alcohol: a bibliometric and science mapping analysis

Alcohol consumption is common in many societies and has increased considerably, resulting in many socioeconomic and public health problems. In this sense, studies have been carried out in order to understand the mechanisms involved in alcohol consumption and related harmful effects. This study aimed to identify and map the knowledge and to perform bibliometric analysis of the neurotoxicology of alcohol based on the 100 most cited articles. A search was carried out in the Web of Science Core Collection database and information was extracted regarding the journal, authors, keywords, year of publication, number of citations, country and continent of the corresponding author. For each selected manuscript, the study design, alcohol exposure model, dose, period of exposure, and effect on the central nervous system and research hotspots were mapped. The journal with the highest number of publications was Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research (n = 11 papers), the author who contributed the most was Crews FT (n = 8 papers), the studies had a total of 288 keywords and 75% of the publications were from the United States of America. The experimental studies evaluated the effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure and were conducted in rats and mice using doses ranging from 2.5 to 14 g/kg/day, with administration by subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intragastric, or inhalation route or with free access through drinking bottles. Among the studies mapped, the oldest one (1989) aimed to understand the systemic damage and mechanisms of action involved, while the most recent focused on understanding the receptors and mechanisms involved in addiction, as well as genetic factors. Our results show the panorama of the most widespread scientific production in the scientific community on the neurotoxicology of ethanol, a high prevalence was observed in studies that addressed fetal alcohol syndrome and/or the effects of ethanol on neurodevelopment

Estado nutricional e complicações no periodo gestacional na escolha do tipo de parto / Nutritional status and complications in gestational period in choosing the type of childbirth

A questão do estado nutricional e complicações com o tipo de parto tem relevância científica diante do contexto médico e humano. As condições nutricionais de gestantes sofrem complicações no momento do parto por motivos ligados à nutrição. A maior parte das complicações gestacionais quando do momento e na escolha da via de parto está relacionada a patologias: hipertensão arterial (pré-eclâmpsia, eclâmpsia), diabetes mellitus, obesidade, dentre outros. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: relacionar o estado nutricional e as complicações gestacionais com o tipo de parto; demonstrar as patologias pré-existentes e adquiridas durante o período gestacional e verificar a prevalência dos tipos de partos. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma Maternidade pública do Estado do Piauí. Foi utilizado a metodologia descritiva com abordagem qualiquantitativa e aplicado questionário estruturado para 52 (cinquenta e duas) participantes da pesquisa. Os critérios de seleção foram: gestantes entre 15 a 40 anos, idade gestacional de 38 (trinta e oito) até 42 (quarenta e duas) semanas e ter aceitado participar do estudo. O processamento dos dados e a análise dos dados foi realizado através do programa SSPS®, versão 18.0. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva por meio de média, desvio padrão, mínimo e máximo para apresentar as variáveis quantitativas e porcentagens as qualitativas, seguidamente foi realizado os testes de Kolmorogov-Smirnov, t student e o qui-quadrado de Pearson, considerado estatisticamente significativo um valor de p&lt;0,05. Concluiu-se que a HAS, a DMG e a obesidade foram as patologias mais verificadas durante a gestação e, dentre elas, a que influenciou na escolha do tipo de parto foi a obesidade.