Epidemiología del cáncer de laringe en Cuba

Cuba está entre los países con mayor riesgo de enfermar y morir de cáncer laríngeo, he aquí que el conocimiento de su epidemiología desde dos niveles del conocimiento: descriptivo y analítico, es imprescindible para su prevención y control. Los casos nuevos reportados al Registro Nacional de Cáncer (1999-2003) y los datos de mortalidad (1990-2004) son usados para caracterizar la enfermedad desde las tres variables epidemiológicas clásicas: persona, tiempo y lugar. Se identifica además el papel causal de factores—relacionados con estilos de vida y ambientes laborales—mediante un estudio de casos y controles de base hospitalaria. El riesgo de cáncer laríngeo es cinco veces más frecuente en hombres, a partir de la tercera edad, con mayor frecuencia de cáncer glótico. Se observa una tendencia creciente de la mortalidad e incidencia en hombres. Diferencias geográficas entre la incidencia y mortalidad sugieren diagnósticos tardíos y deficiencias organizativas que menoscaban la calidad de la atención en algunas provincias. La cesación del tabaquismo, la reducción del consumo de alcohol, la promoción de una dieta saludable, el control de algunos ambientes laborales, y la identificación de la población vulnerable, constituyen las premisas fundamentales para la prevención y control de la enfermedad en Cuba

Epidemiología del cáncer de laringe en Cuba

Cuba está entre los países con mayor riesgo de enfermar y morir de cáncer laríngeo, he aquí que el conocimiento de su epidemiología desde dos niveles del conocimiento: descriptivo y analítico, es imprescindible para su prevención y control. Los casos nuevos reportados al Registro Nacional de Cáncer (1999-2003) y los datos de mortalidad (1990-2004) son usados para caracterizar la enfermedad desde las tres variables epidemiológicas clásicas: persona, tiempo y lugar. Se identifica además el papel causal de factores—relacionados con estilos de vida y ambientes laborales—mediante un estudio de casos y controles de base hospitalaria. El riesgo de cáncer laríngeo es cinco veces más frecuente en hombres, a partir de la tercera edad, con mayor frecuencia de cáncer glótico. Se observa una tendencia creciente de la mortalidad e incidencia en hombres. Diferencias geográficas entre la incidencia y mortalidad sugieren diagnósticos tardíos y deficiencias organizativas que menoscaban la calidad de la atención en algunas provincias. La cesación del tabaquismo, la reducción del consumo de alcohol, la promoción de una dieta saludable, el control de algunos ambientes laborales, y la identificación de la población vulnerable, constituyen las premisas fundamentales para la prevención y control de la enfermedad en Cuba

FOXE1 Polymorphism Interacts with Dietary Iodine Intake in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Risk in the Cuban Population

International audienceBackground: The incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is low in Cuba, and the contribution of dietary factors to DTC in this population has not been investigated so far. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between dietary iodine intake and DTC with regard to the interaction with environmental factors or some common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), based on a case-control study carried out in Cuba.Methods: A total of 203 cases and 212 controls from the general population were interviewed face-to-face using the dietary intake questionnaire and the photo booklet from the E3N cohort. A specific food composition table was constructed for this study. For each parameter studied, the odds ratio (OR) was stratified on age group and sex, and further adjusted for dietary energy, smoking status, ethnic group, level of education, number of pregnancies, and body surface area.Results: The risk of DTC was significantly reduced with increasing consumption of fish (p = 0.04), but no association between total dietary iodine intake and DTC risk was evident (p = 0.7). This lack of significant association was true whatever the age, the smoking status, the dietary selenium intake, and the ethnicity (p > 0.05). DTC risk was positively and strongly associated with the number of copies in the minor allele (A) for SNP rs965513 near FOXE1 among people who consumed less iodine than the median (p = 0.005).Conclusion: Overall, the majority of the studied population had an optimal dietary iodine intake. DTC risk was inversely associated with high fish consumption. Furthermore, DTC risk was positively associated with the number of copies in the minor allele (A) of rs965513 among people who consumed less iodine than the median. Because these findings are based on post-diagnostic measures, studies with pre-diagnostic dietary iodine are needed for confirmation

Gene network and biological pathways associated with susceptibility to differentiated thyroid carcinoma

International audienceVariants identified in earlier genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) explain about 10% of the overall estimated genetic contribution and could not provide complete insights into biological mechanisms involved in DTC susceptibility. Integrating systems biology information from model organisms, genome-wide expression data from tumor and matched normal tissue and GWAS data could help identifying DTC-associated genes, and pathways or functional networks in which they are involved. We performed data mining of GWAS data of the EPITHYR consortium (1551 cases and 1957 controls) using various pathways and protein-protein interaction (PPI) annotation databases and gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We identified eight DTC-associated genes at known loci 2q35 (DIRC3), 8p12 (NRG1), 9q22 (FOXE1, TRMO, HEMGN, ANP32B, NANS) and 14q13 (MBIP). Using the EW_dmGWAS approach we found that gene networks related to glycogenolysis, glycogen metabolism, insulin metabolism and signal transduction pathways associated with muscle contraction were overrepresented with association signals (false discovery rate adjusted p-value < 0.05). Additionally, suggestive association of 21 KEGG and 75 REACTOME pathways with DTC indicate a link between DTC susceptibility and functions related to metabolism of cholesterol, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, and downregulation of ERBB2 signaling pathways. Together, our results provide novel insights into biological mechanisms contributing to DTC risk

Multiethnic genome-wide association study of differentiated thyroid cancer in the EPITHYR consortium

International audienceIncidence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) varies considerably between ethnic groups, with particularly high incidence rates in Pacific Islanders. DTC is one of the cancers with the highest familial risk suggesting a major role of genetic risk factors, but only few susceptibility loci were identified so far. In order to assess the contribution of known DTC susceptibility loci and to identify new ones, we conducted a multiethnic genome-wide association study (GWAS) in individuals of European ancestry and of Oceanian ancestry from Pacific Islands. Our study included 1554 cases/1973 controls of European ancestry and 301 cases/348 controls of Oceanian ancestry from seven population-based case-control studies participating to the EPITHYR consortium. All participants were genotyped using the OncoArray-500K Beadchip (Illumina). We confirmed the association with the known DTC susceptibility loci at 2q35, 8p12, 9q22.33 and 14q13.3 in the European ancestry population and suggested two novel signals at 1p31.3 and 16q23.2, which were associated with thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in previous GWAS. We additionally replicated an association with 5p15.33 reported previously in Chinese and European populations. Except at 1p31.3, all associations were in the same direction in the population of Oceanian ancestry. We also observed that the frequencies of risk alleles at 2q35, 5p15.33 and 16q23.2 were significantly higher in Oceanians than in Europeans. However, additional GWAS and epidemiological studies in Oceanian populations are needed to fully understand the highest incidence observed in these populations