57 research outputs found
Yeast Mitochondrial Biogenesis: A Role for the PUF RNA-Binding Protein Puf3p in mRNA Localization
The asymmetric localization of mRNA plays an important role in coordinating posttranscriptional events in eukaryotic cells. We investigated the peripheral mitochondrial localization of nuclear-encoded mRNAs (MLR) in various conditions in which the mRNA binding protein context and the translation efficiency were altered. We identified Puf3p, a Pumilio family RNA-binding protein, as the first trans-acting factor controlling the MLR phenomenon. This allowed the characterization of two classes of genes whose mRNAs are translated to the vicinity of mitochondria. Class I mRNAs (256 genes) have a Puf3p binding motif in their 3'UTR region and many of them have their MLR properties deeply affected by PUF3 deletion. Conversely, mutations in the Puf3p binding motif alter the mitochondrial localization of BCS1 mRNA. Class II mRNAs (224 genes) have no Puf3p binding site and their asymmetric localization is not affected by the absence of PUF3. In agreement with a co-translational import process, we observed that the presence of puromycin loosens the interactions between most of the MLR-mRNAs and mitochondria. Unexpectedly, cycloheximide, supposed to solidify translational complexes, turned out to destabilize a class of mRNA-mitochondria interactions. Classes I and II mRNAs, which are therefore transported to the mitochondria through different pathways, correlated with different functional modules. Indeed, Class I genes code principally for the assembly factors of respiratory chain complexes and the mitochondrial translation machinery (ribosomes and translation regulators). Class II genes encode proteins of the respiratory chain or proteins involved in metabolic pathways. Thus, MLR, which is intimately linked to translation control, and the activity of mRNA-binding proteins like Puf3p, may provide the conditions for a fine spatiotemporal control of mitochondrial protein import and mitochondrial protein complex assembly. This work therefore provides new openings for the global study of mitochondria biogenesis
Altimetry for the future: Building on 25 years of progress
In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the ââGreenâ Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instrumentsâ development and satellite missionsâ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion
Altimetry for the future: building on 25 years of progress
In 2018 we celebrated 25âŻyears of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology.
The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the âGreenâ Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instrumentsâ development and satellite missionsâ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.
RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 â„60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
L'impact de la menace du stéréotype chez les élÚves dyslexiques de l'enseignement ordinaire et spécialisé : liens entre la menace du stéréotype et les facteurs internes et externes à l'élÚve
La menace du stĂ©rĂ©otype rĂ©fĂšre Ă la crainte dâun individu de confirmer un stĂ©rĂ©otype nĂ©gatif par rapport Ă son groupe social et de nâĂȘtre caractĂ©risĂ© que par cet attribut nĂ©gatif (Steele & Aronson, 1995). Ce phĂ©nomĂšne situationnel a notamment Ă©tĂ© observĂ© chez des groupes stigmatisĂ©s et chez des enfants dâĂąge scolaire (Steele, 1997 ; Croizet & Leyens, 2003 ; Huguet & RĂ©gner, 2007). Ce mĂ©moire sâintĂ©resse plus particuliĂšrement Ă la menace du stĂ©rĂ©otype liĂ© Ă la dyslexie dans une tĂąche de comprĂ©hension Ă la lecture. Son objectif principal est dâobserver lâimpact Ă©ventuel de la menace du stĂ©rĂ©otype sur la performance dâĂ©lĂšves dyslexiques scolarisĂ©s dans lâenseignement ordinaire ou spĂ©cialisĂ©. Septante-neuf participants rĂ©partis en 3 groupes (« contrĂŽle », « dyslexique de lâenseignement ordinaire » et « dyslexique de lâenseignement spĂ©cialisĂ© ») ont Ă©tĂ© soumis Ă 2 tĂąches expĂ©rimentales. Elles consistent en 2 tĂąches de comprĂ©hension Ă la lecture similaires rĂ©alisĂ©es en condition de menace ou de non menace du stĂ©rĂ©otype liĂ© Ă la dyslexie. De plus, un questionnaire Ă©valuant divers facteurs motivationnels (sentiment dâefficacitĂ© personnelle social et acadĂ©mique, perception de compĂ©tence, motivation, engagement, comparaison de soi scolaire, perception de lâacceptation sociale, sentiment dâappartenance au groupe) a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© afin dâapprĂ©hender les liens existants entre ces facteurs et la menace du stĂ©rĂ©otype dâune part et le fait dâĂȘtre dyslexique dâautre part. Une baisse des performances entre les 2 conditions a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e chez tous les groupes. En effet, les participants obtiennent une performance plus faible en condition de menace du stĂ©rĂ©otype par rapport Ă celle sans menace du stĂ©rĂ©otype liĂ© Ă la dyslexie. Contrairement aux prĂ©cĂ©dents mĂ©moires sur ce sujet, un effet de la menace du stĂ©rĂ©otype ne peut pas clairement expliquer la baisse des performances chez les Ă©lĂšves dyslexiques puisquâil est Ă©galement observĂ© chez les Ă©lĂšves contrĂŽles. Elle sâexpliquerait chez les Ă©lĂšves dyslexiques par lâeffet de la situation dâĂ©valuation ou par lâeffet de la menace du stĂ©rĂ©otype liĂ© Ă la dyslexie. Le niveau dâestime de soi ne semble pas ĂȘtre reliĂ© Ă lâeffet de la menace du stĂ©rĂ©otype liĂ© Ă la dyslexie. Par contre, il existe un lien entre le fait dâĂȘtre dyslexique et certaines dimensions de lâestime de soi, notamment en fonction du type dâenseignement dans lequel lâĂ©lĂšve dyslexique est scolarisĂ©. Les autres facteurs motivationnels Ă©tudiĂ©s ne semblent pas ĂȘtre liĂ©s Ă la menace du stĂ©rĂ©otype, ni au fait dâĂȘtre dyslexique.Master [120] en logopĂ©die, UniversitĂ© catholique de Louvain, 201
Facteurs infuençant [sic] influençant les résultats de fécondité en élevage équin (étude dans les départements de l'Ain, de la Loire et du RhÎne)
LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF
mobilités des salariés.
Ce rapport montre que, sur les derniĂšres dĂ©cennies, la flexibilitĂ© de lâemploi en France a augmentĂ© de façon importante, avec une accĂ©lĂ©ration rĂ©cente. Dans le mĂȘme temps, la sĂ©curisation des parcours des salariĂ©s nâa pas progressĂ© car la formation professionnelle reste inadaptĂ©e aux changements de mobilitĂ© professionnelle que cette flexibilitĂ© accrue implique. En particulier, il y a un dĂ©ficit de formations portables, diplĂŽmantes et certifiantes permettant des mobilitĂ©s choisies. Le rapport propose donc diverses pistes pour remĂ©dier Ă cette situation : un bonus-malus sur les cotisations chĂŽmage et les obligations de reclassement en fonction de la qualitĂ© de la formation offerte aux salariĂ©s ; un systĂšme dâassurance couvrant les pertes salariales en cas de rĂ©orientation professionnelle ; la gĂ©nĂ©ralisation des contrats de transition professionnelle (CTP) aux travailleurs prĂ©caires et sur tout le territoire.
[Kidney disease in cobalamin C deficiency].
International audienceCobalamin C deficiency (cblC) is the most common inborn error of vitamin B12 metabolism. This autosomal recessive disease is due to mutations in MMACHC gene, encoding a cyanocobalamin decyanase. It leads to hyperhomocysteinemia associated with hypomethioninemia and methylmalonic aciduria. Two distinct phenotypes have been described : early-onset forms occur before the age of one year and are characterized by a severe multisystem disease associating failure to thrive to neurological and ophthalmological manifestations. They are opposed to late-onset forms, less severe and heterogeneous. CblC deficiency-associated kidney lesions remain poorly defined. Thirty-eight cases have been described. Age at initial presentation varied from a few days to 28 years. Most of the patients presented renal thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) associated with acute renal failure, and 21 patients presented typical lesions of renal thrombotic microangiopathy on kidney biopsy. Prognosis was poor, leading to death in the absence of treatment, and related to the severity of renal lesions in the early-onset forms. Late-onset disease had better prognosis and most of patients were weaned off dialysis after treatment initiation. We suggest that all the patients with renal TMA be screened for cobalamin metabolism disorder, regardless of age and even in the absence of neurological symptoms, to rapidly initiate the appropriate treatment
Les grandes questions d'Ă©conomie et de finance internationales
Les arguments pour ou contre la mondialisation ne cessent de sâĂ©toffer et les dĂ©bats sont toujours aussi vifs. Le caractĂšre protĂ©iforme du phĂ©nomĂšne nous conduit parfois Ă oublier les enseignements de lâanalyse Ă©conomique et Ă limiter notre capacitĂ© Ă nourrir et Ă dĂ©velopper nos propos. Lâobjectif de cet ouvrage est de donner les clĂ©s permettant de comprendre chacune des grandes questions dâĂ©conomie et de finance internationales.Les dĂ©fis posĂ©s par la mondialisation, les dĂ©localisations vers les pays Ă bas salaire, la rĂ©partition des richesses dans le monde, la montĂ©e des inĂ©galitĂ©s au sein des pays industrialisĂ©s, lâimportance de la Chine dans le commerce mondial, la crise Ă©conomique et financiĂšre, la rĂ©forme de la gouvernance Ă©conomique de la zone euro, lâĂ©largissement de lâUnion europĂ©enne aux pays dâEurope orientale, la financiarisation des Ă©conomies, les mouvements de capitaux et leur taxation, lâimpasse des nĂ©gociations menĂ©es dans le cadre du programme de Doha Ă lâOrganisation Mondiale du Commerce (OMC) ou encore lâĂ©mergence de nouveaux acteurs et la participation des pays les moins avancĂ©s au commerce mondial sont autant de sujets passionnants qui mĂ©ritent dâĂȘtre traitĂ©s de façon dĂ©passionnĂ©e.Les thĂšmes abordĂ©s dans cet ouvrage reposent sur les dĂ©veloppements les plus rĂ©cents de la thĂ©orie Ă©conomique mais aussi sur des Ă©tudes empiriques qui ne se rĂ©sume pas Ă une simple juxtaposition de donnĂ©es chiffrĂ©es mais invitent le lecteur Ă comprendre lâintĂ©rĂȘt et parfois les limites du message des Ă©conomistes.Lâouvrage est destinĂ© aux Ă©tudiants des universitĂ©s et des grandes Ă©coles (Ăcoles de commerce et de gestion, ENS, Sciences Po) ainsi quâĂ tous ceux qui prĂ©parent les concours de recrutement de lâenseignement secondaire (CAPES, AgrĂ©gation) et les concours administratifs du cadre A de la fonction publique (en particulier de lâENA). Ceux qui sont intĂ©ressĂ©s par ces questions dâactualitĂ© et qui ne sont plus Ă©tudiants trouveront Ă©galement de quoi satisfaire leur curiositĂ© et leur besoin dâaller plus loin.Cet ouvrage prĂ©sente une grille d'analyse permettant de comprendre les 6 principaux thĂšmes d'actualitĂ© liĂ©s Ă l'Ă©conomie internationale - au programme des concours ou examens - Ă partir de dĂ©bats concrets issus de l'actualitĂ© Ă©conomique internationale.Il s'agira plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment de mettre l'accent (1) sur l'Ă©clairage que peut apporter l'analyse Ă©conomique Ă un certain nombre de questions posĂ©es par le dĂ©bat politique et international, (2) sur l'aspect mĂ©thodologique du raisonnement Ă©conomique et sur une description soigneuse des mĂ©canismes utilisĂ©s, ce qui suppose de mettre en perspective non seulement les apports mais aussi les clivages de l'analyse Ă©conomique, (3) sur la validation empirique systĂ©matique des arguments avancĂ©s par la thĂ©orie Ă©conomique. Le lecteur doit, en effet, savoir si le dĂ©bat est tranchĂ© au sein de la communautĂ© scientifique ou s'il reste ouvert
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