Les mobilités des salariés

Ce rapport montre que, sur les dernières décennies, la flexibilité de l’emploi en France a augmenté de façon importante, avec une accélération récente. Dans le même temps, la sécurisation des parcours des salariés n’a pas progressé car la formation professionnelle reste inadaptée aux changements de mobilité professionnelle que cette flexibilité accrue implique. En particulier, il y a un déficit de formations portables, diplômantes et certifiantes permettant des mobilités choisies. Le rapport propose donc diverses pistes pour remédier à cette situation : un bonus-malus sur les cotisations chômage et les obligations de reclassement en fonction de la qualité de la formation offerte aux salariés ; un système d’assurance couvrant les pertes salariales en cas de réorientation professionnelle ; la généralisation des contrats de transition professionnelle (CTP) aux travailleurs précaires et sur tout le territoire

Speech Events in the Middle West

International audienc

Yeast Mitochondrial Biogenesis: A Role for the PUF RNA-Binding Protein Puf3p in mRNA Localization

The asymmetric localization of mRNA plays an important role in coordinating posttranscriptional events in eukaryotic cells. We investigated the peripheral mitochondrial localization of nuclear-encoded mRNAs (MLR) in various conditions in which the mRNA binding protein context and the translation efficiency were altered. We identified Puf3p, a Pumilio family RNA-binding protein, as the first trans-acting factor controlling the MLR phenomenon. This allowed the characterization of two classes of genes whose mRNAs are translated to the vicinity of mitochondria. Class I mRNAs (256 genes) have a Puf3p binding motif in their 3'UTR region and many of them have their MLR properties deeply affected by PUF3 deletion. Conversely, mutations in the Puf3p binding motif alter the mitochondrial localization of BCS1 mRNA. Class II mRNAs (224 genes) have no Puf3p binding site and their asymmetric localization is not affected by the absence of PUF3. In agreement with a co-translational import process, we observed that the presence of puromycin loosens the interactions between most of the MLR-mRNAs and mitochondria. Unexpectedly, cycloheximide, supposed to solidify translational complexes, turned out to destabilize a class of mRNA-mitochondria interactions. Classes I and II mRNAs, which are therefore transported to the mitochondria through different pathways, correlated with different functional modules. Indeed, Class I genes code principally for the assembly factors of respiratory chain complexes and the mitochondrial translation machinery (ribosomes and translation regulators). Class II genes encode proteins of the respiratory chain or proteins involved in metabolic pathways. Thus, MLR, which is intimately linked to translation control, and the activity of mRNA-binding proteins like Puf3p, may provide the conditions for a fine spatiotemporal control of mitochondrial protein import and mitochondrial protein complex assembly. This work therefore provides new openings for the global study of mitochondria biogenesis

Altimetry for the future: Building on 25 years of progress

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the ‘‘Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion

Altimetry for the future: building on 25 years of progress

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the “Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≥60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

L'impact de la menace du stéréotype chez les élèves dyslexiques de l'enseignement ordinaire et spécialisé : liens entre la menace du stéréotype et les facteurs internes et externes à l'élève

La menace du stéréotype réfère à la crainte d’un individu de confirmer un stéréotype négatif par rapport à son groupe social et de n’être caractérisé que par cet attribut négatif (Steele & Aronson, 1995). Ce phénomène situationnel a notamment été observé chez des groupes stigmatisés et chez des enfants d’âge scolaire (Steele, 1997 ; Croizet & Leyens, 2003 ; Huguet & Régner, 2007). Ce mémoire s’intéresse plus particulièrement à la menace du stéréotype lié à la dyslexie dans une tâche de compréhension à la lecture. Son objectif principal est d’observer l’impact éventuel de la menace du stéréotype sur la performance d’élèves dyslexiques scolarisés dans l’enseignement ordinaire ou spécialisé. Septante-neuf participants répartis en 3 groupes (« contrôle », « dyslexique de l’enseignement ordinaire » et « dyslexique de l’enseignement spécialisé ») ont été soumis à 2 tâches expérimentales. Elles consistent en 2 tâches de compréhension à la lecture similaires réalisées en condition de menace ou de non menace du stéréotype lié à la dyslexie. De plus, un questionnaire évaluant divers facteurs motivationnels (sentiment d’efficacité personnelle social et académique, perception de compétence, motivation, engagement, comparaison de soi scolaire, perception de l’acceptation sociale, sentiment d’appartenance au groupe) a été réalisé afin d’appréhender les liens existants entre ces facteurs et la menace du stéréotype d’une part et le fait d’être dyslexique d’autre part. Une baisse des performances entre les 2 conditions a été observée chez tous les groupes. En effet, les participants obtiennent une performance plus faible en condition de menace du stéréotype par rapport à celle sans menace du stéréotype lié à la dyslexie. Contrairement aux précédents mémoires sur ce sujet, un effet de la menace du stéréotype ne peut pas clairement expliquer la baisse des performances chez les élèves dyslexiques puisqu’il est également observé chez les élèves contrôles. Elle s’expliquerait chez les élèves dyslexiques par l’effet de la situation d’évaluation ou par l’effet de la menace du stéréotype lié à la dyslexie. Le niveau d’estime de soi ne semble pas être relié à l’effet de la menace du stéréotype lié à la dyslexie. Par contre, il existe un lien entre le fait d’être dyslexique et certaines dimensions de l’estime de soi, notamment en fonction du type d’enseignement dans lequel l’élève dyslexique est scolarisé. Les autres facteurs motivationnels étudiés ne semblent pas être liés à la menace du stéréotype, ni au fait d’être dyslexique.Master [120] en logopédie, Université catholique de Louvain, 201

Facteurs infuençant [sic] influençant les résultats de fécondité en élevage équin (étude dans les départements de l'Ain, de la Loire et du Rhône)

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

mobilités des salariés.

Ce rapport montre que, sur les dernières décennies, la flexibilité de l’emploi en France a augmenté de façon importante, avec une accélération récente. Dans le même temps, la sécurisation des parcours des salariés n’a pas progressé car la formation professionnelle reste inadaptée aux changements de mobilité professionnelle que cette flexibilité accrue implique. En particulier, il y a un déficit de formations portables, diplômantes et certifiantes permettant des mobilités choisies. Le rapport propose donc diverses pistes pour remédier à cette situation : un bonus-malus sur les cotisations chômage et les obligations de reclassement en fonction de la qualité de la formation offerte aux salariés ; un système d’assurance couvrant les pertes salariales en cas de réorientation professionnelle ; la généralisation des contrats de transition professionnelle (CTP) aux travailleurs précaires et sur tout le territoire.

Transplantation rénale et sujet âgé : mise au point

International audienceDue to the increase in life expectancy and the ageing of end-stage renal disease patients, the number of patients older than 65 years receiving a kidney transplant has been continuously growing over the last fifteen years. The benefits of renal transplantation compared to dialysis in terms of survival and quality of life have been shown in selected recipients over 65, or 70 years. However, the age remains the main limiting factor for the access to the waiting list, and the reluctance of the clinicians can be explained by the multiple comorbidities of these candidates, their limited life expectancy or the shortage of grafts. The challenge is to select the candidates who can benefit from renal transplantation, thanks to rigorous cardiovascular and neoplastic evaluation before enrolment and by taking into account the specific characteristics of elderly patients. The living donor appears to be the ideal option for elderly recipients, the alternative being the extended criteria donor, allowing waiting times to be limited. The choice of immunosuppressive therapy is also crucial in these patients at high risk of infectious and cardiovascular complications in whom the occurrence of acute rejection can have severe consequences. There are currently no specific recommendations for immunosuppression in elderly recipients, and we would need large-scale randomized studies to improve the prognosis of renal transplantation in this population