The Past as Future

As soon as man began to record information, he faced two questions: how to find material that was durable enough to preserve his message, and how to find material that was easy to handle, could be drawn on quickly and could be carried with ease. Stone seemed to be the least perishable substance, but while it was ideal for monuments in honor of gods or rulers, it certainly was not practical for business transactions or scholarly pursuits. Thus, from the beginning of writing to our day, those who have been concerned with communication - publishers, librarians and all who write or use books - have been concerned with these two issues: durability and mobility

Theology for Freedom and Responsibility: Rudolf Bultmann\u27s Views on Church and State

This article is adapted from an address that Antje Lemke gave on the life and contributions of her father, Rudolph Bultmann. He was a prominent Protestant theologian, having grown up before Hitler\u27s rise to power, and Bultmann witnessed how the Nazis manipulated the Church to try to gain support for their devious political goals. He joined the voices that spoke out against this fusion of national corruption with the Church. After World War II, he became involved in debates concerning political and liberation theology

William Caxton—The Beginning of Printing in England

The year 1977 marked the five-hundredth anniversary of the first book printed in England, William Caxton\u27s edition of Dictes and Sayings of Philosophers, in his own English translation, an event which was celebrated in many parts of the English-speaking world. Two of the rarest fifteenth-century items in Special Collections at Syracuse University are from Caxton\u27s press: Caxton\u27s own translation of Virgil\u27s The Boke of Eneydos (Aeneid), printed about 1490, and an English translation of Cicero\u27s essays, De Senectude and De Amicitia in one volume (1481). Caxton had a sense of the importance of print which deserves attention today, as our mass communications media multiply. Printing is as essential to our civilization as it is pervasive. Compared to the ephemeral qualities of audio and visual communications, the permanence of print gives the printer/publisher a responsibility which Caxton recognized five hundered years ago

Bookplates; A Selective Annotated Bibliography of Periodical Literature (Book Review)

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Readings in Library History (Book Review)

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Activity, distribution, and diversity of sulfate reducers and other bacteria in sediments above gas hydrate (Cascadia Margin, Oregon)

Cold seep environments such as sediments above outcropping hydrate at Hydrate Ridge (Cascadia margin off Oregon) are characterized by methane venting, high sulfide fluxes caused by the anaerobic oxidation of methane, and the presence of chemosynthetic communities. Recent investigations showed that another characteristic feature of cold seeps is the occurrence of methanotrophic archaea, which can be identified by specific biomarker lipids and 16S rDNA analysis. This investigation deals with the diversity and distribution of sulfate-reducing bacteria, some of which are directly involved in the anaerobic oxidation of methane as syntrophic partners of the methanotrophic archaea. The composition and activity of the microbial communities at methane vented and nonvented sediments are compared by quantitative methods including total cell counts, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), bacterial production, enzyme activity, and sulfate reduction rates. Bacteria involved in the degradation of particulate organic carbon (POC) are as active and diverse as at other productive margin sites of similar water depths. The availability of methane supports a two orders of magnitude higher microbial biomass (up to 9.6 2 10 10 cells cm m 3 ) and sulfate reduction rates (up to 8 w mol cm m 3 d m 1 ) in hydrate-bearing sediments, as well as a high bacterial diversity, especially in the group of i -proteobacteria including members of the branches Desulfosarcina/Desulfococcus , Desulforhopalus , Desulfobulbus , and Desulfocapsa . Most of the diversity of sulfate-reducing bacteria in hydrate-bearing sediments comprises seep-endemic clades, which share only low similarities with previously cultured bacteria

TBC1D24 genotype-phenotype correlation: Epilepsies and other neurologic features.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the phenotypic spectrum associated with mutations in TBC1D24. METHODS: We acquired new clinical, EEG, and neuroimaging data of 11 previously unreported and 37 published patients. TBC1D24 mutations, identified through various sequencing methods, can be found online (http://lovd.nl/TBC1D24). RESULTS: Forty-eight patients were included (28 men, 20 women, average age 21 years) from 30 independent families. Eighteen patients (38%) had myoclonic epilepsies. The other patients carried diagnoses of focal (25%), multifocal (2%), generalized (4%), and unclassified epilepsy (6%), and early-onset epileptic encephalopathy (25%). Most patients had drug-resistant epilepsy. We detail EEG, neuroimaging, developmental, and cognitive features, treatment responsiveness, and physical examination. In silico evaluation revealed 7 different highly conserved motifs, with the most common pathogenic mutation located in the first. Neuronal outgrowth assays showed that some TBC1D24 mutations, associated with the most severe TBC1D24-associated disorders, are not necessarily the most disruptive to this gene function. CONCLUSIONS: TBC1D24-related epilepsy syndromes show marked phenotypic pleiotropy, with multisystem involvement and severity spectrum ranging from isolated deafness (not studied here), benign myoclonic epilepsy restricted to childhood with complete seizure control and normal intellect, to early-onset epileptic encephalopathy with severe developmental delay and early death. There is no distinct correlation with mutation type or location yet, but patterns are emerging. Given the phenotypic breadth observed, TBC1D24 mutation screening is indicated in a wide variety of epilepsies. A TBC1D24 consortium was formed to develop further research on this gene and its associated phenotypes.peerReviewe