La technographie de Charles Dekeukeleire. Le rôle du cinéma dans la civilisation machinique

Cet article vise à définir et interroger la notion de « technographie » développée par le réalisateur belge Charles Dekeukeleire (1905-1971) pour désigner les films industriels que celui-ci a produits à partir des années 1930-1940. Une analyse des discours théoriques puis des formes filmiques du cinéaste permet de comprendre que le terme dépasse son champ d’origine pour s’échapper dans le domaine, plus conceptuel, de la théorie du cinéma. La technographie se situe à la croisée d’idéologies et de méthodologies diverses entre films sur le travail à l’usine, films anthropologiques et films expérimentaux – assignant un rôle social à l’écriture technique du cinéma.This article aims at introducing, defining and questioning the notion of “technography” developed through Charles Dekeukeleire’s writings. It refers to the Belgian filmmaker’s industrial works, produced from the 1930s and 1940s onwards. The analysis of his theoretical texts and filmic forms allows one to understand that “technography” goes beyond its original meaning so as to integrate the more conceptual field of film theory. Technography is at the junction of different ideologies and methodologies between industrial, anthropological and experimental films – defining cinema as a sensible technique endowed with a social role

DMTs and Covid-19 severity in MS: a pooled analysis from Italy and France

We evaluated the effect of DMTs on Covid-19 severity in patients with MS, with a pooled-analysis of two large cohorts from Italy and France. The association of baseline characteristics and DMTs with Covid-19 severity was assessed by multivariate ordinal-logistic models and pooled by a fixed-effect meta-analysis. 1066 patients with MS from Italy and 721 from France were included. In the multivariate model, anti-CD20 therapies were significantly associated (OR = 2.05, 95%CI = 1.39–3.02, p < 0.001) with Covid-19 severity, whereas interferon indicated a decreased risk (OR = 0.42, 95%CI = 0.18–0.99, p = 0.047). This pooled-analysis confirms an increased risk of severe Covid-19 in patients on anti-CD20 therapies and supports the protective role of interferon

The FANCM:p.Arg658* truncating variant is associated with risk of triple-negative breast cancer

Abstract: Breast cancer is a common disease partially caused by genetic risk factors. Germline pathogenic variants in DNA repair genes BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, and CHEK2 are associated with breast cancer risk. FANCM, which encodes for a DNA translocase, has been proposed as a breast cancer predisposition gene, with greater effects for the ER-negative and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. We tested the three recurrent protein-truncating variants FANCM:p.Arg658*, p.Gln1701*, and p.Arg1931* for association with breast cancer risk in 67,112 cases, 53,766 controls, and 26,662 carriers of pathogenic variants of BRCA1 or BRCA2. These three variants were also studied functionally by measuring survival and chromosome fragility in FANCM−/− patient-derived immortalized fibroblasts treated with diepoxybutane or olaparib. We observed that FANCM:p.Arg658* was associated with increased risk of ER-negative disease and TNBC (OR = 2.44, P = 0.034 and OR = 3.79; P = 0.009, respectively). In a country-restricted analysis, we confirmed the associations detected for FANCM:p.Arg658* and found that also FANCM:p.Arg1931* was associated with ER-negative breast cancer risk (OR = 1.96; P = 0.006). The functional results indicated that all three variants were deleterious affecting cell survival and chromosome stability with FANCM:p.Arg658* causing more severe phenotypes. In conclusion, we confirmed that the two rare FANCM deleterious variants p.Arg658* and p.Arg1931* are risk factors for ER-negative and TNBC subtypes. Overall our data suggest that the effect of truncating variants on breast cancer risk may depend on their position in the gene. Cell sensitivity to olaparib exposure, identifies a possible therapeutic option to treat FANCM-associated tumors

Unexpected Delayed Incursion of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 (Clade 2.3.4.4b) Into the Antarctic Region

The current highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 panzootic is having substantial impacts on wild birds and marine mammals. Following major and widespread outbreaks in South America, an incursion to Antarctica occurred late in the austral summer of 2023/2024 and was confined to the region of the Antarctic Peninsula. To infer potential underlying processes, we compiled H5N1 surveillance data from Antarctica and sub-Antarctic Islands prior to the first confirmed cases

The Spirit of the Cinematographic Machine. A Study of Charles Dekeukeleire's Archive (1923-1962)

Cette thèse s'appuie sur les archives film et non-film du cinéaste belge Charles Dekeukeleire (1905-1971) déposées à la Cinémathèque royale de Belgique. Jusqu'ici rarement explorés, les documents qui subsistent dans le fonds nuancent la place que le réalisateur occupe actuellement dans l'histoire du cinéma, le plus régulièrement intégré aux mouvements de certaines avant-gardes formalistes des années 1920-1930. En réalité, la période d'activité de Dekeukeleire s'étend de 1923 à 1962 et se caractérise par une production large et relativement hétéroclite de films, de critiques et de textes théoriques résolument tournés vers une pensée industrielle alors dominante (par exemple à travers de nombreux films institutionnels). A cela s'ajoute, dès le début des années 1930, une pratique d'archivage de ses propres pensées, effectuée par le cinéaste sous la forme de carnets de notes personnels. Ceux-ci, qui forment les fondations de la présente thèse, regroupent (entre autres) les parties les plus substantielles des réflexions théoriques de Dekeukeleire sur le cinéma : leur exploration, pour le moment inédite, amène à dessiner les contours de ce que l'on peut nommer, chez lui, une forme de programme. Celui-ci repose sur la problématisation par le réalisateur d'une notion complexe aux significations et applications diverses, à des niveaux pratiques et théoriques : l'idée d'un esprit de la machine cinématographique. La majorité de ses productions filmiques comme écrites (publiées et non-publiées) depuis les années 1920 jusqu'aux années 1960 convergent vers cette notion, se faisant les véhicules d'une idéologie machinique propre au contexte socio-culturel qui entoure l'industrie.This PhD thesis is based on the film and non-film archives of the Belgian filmmaker Charles Dekeukeleire (1905-1971) deposited at the Royal Film Archive of Belgium (Brussels). The documents that remain in the collection have rarely been explored. They question the presumption that the director almost exclusively belongs to the history of the formalist avant-garde of the 1920-1930s. In reality, Dekeukeleire's period of activity extends from 1923 to 1962 and is characterized by a large and relatively heterogeneous production of films, reviews and theoretical texts. Most of his work reflects a dominant industrial thought. To this is added, from the beginning of the 1930s, a practice of archiving his own thoughts, carried out by the filmmaker in the form of personal notebooks. These, which form the foundations of this thesis, bring together (among other things) the most substantial parts of Dekeukeleire's theoretical reflections on cinema. The archives reveal a theoretical project within the director's thought, that is based on his problematization of a complex notion with various meanings and applications, at practical and theoretical levels: the idea of a spirit of the cinematographic machine. The majority of his films and written productions (both published and unpublished) from the late 1920s until the early 1960s converge on this notion, becoming the vehicles of a machinic ideology specific to the socio-cultural context surrounding the industry

L'esprit de la machine cinématographique. Une étude des archives de Charles Dekeukeleire (1923-1962)

This PhD thesis is based on the film and non-film archives of the Belgian filmmaker Charles Dekeukeleire (1905-1971) deposited at the Royal Film Archive of Belgium (Brussels). The documents that remain in the collection have rarely been explored. They question the presumption that the director almost exclusively belongs to the history of the formalist avant-garde of the 1920-1930s. In reality, Dekeukeleire's period of activity extends from 1923 to 1962 and is characterized by a large and relatively heterogeneous production of films, reviews and theoretical texts. Most of his work reflects a dominant industrial thought. To this is added, from the beginning of the 1930s, a practice of archiving his own thoughts, carried out by the filmmaker in the form of personal notebooks. These, which form the foundations of this thesis, bring together (among other things) the most substantial parts of Dekeukeleire's theoretical reflections on cinema. The archives reveal a theoretical project within the director's thought, that is based on his problematization of a complex notion with various meanings and applications, at practical and theoretical levels: the idea of a spirit of the cinematographic machine. The majority of his films and written productions (both published and unpublished) from the late 1920s until the early 1960s converge on this notion, becoming the vehicles of a machinic ideology specific to the socio-cultural context surrounding the industry.Cette thèse s'appuie sur les archives film et non-film du cinéaste belge Charles Dekeukeleire (1905-1971) déposées à la Cinémathèque royale de Belgique. Jusqu'ici rarement explorés, les documents qui subsistent dans le fonds nuancent la place que le réalisateur occupe actuellement dans l'histoire du cinéma, le plus régulièrement intégré aux mouvements de certaines avant-gardes formalistes des années 1920-1930. En réalité, la période d'activité de Dekeukeleire s'étend de 1923 à 1962 et se caractérise par une production large et relativement hétéroclite de films, de critiques et de textes théoriques résolument tournés vers une pensée industrielle alors dominante (par exemple à travers de nombreux films institutionnels). A cela s'ajoute, dès le début des années 1930, une pratique d'archivage de ses propres pensées, effectuée par le cinéaste sous la forme de carnets de notes personnels. Ceux-ci, qui forment les fondations de la présente thèse, regroupent (entre autres) les parties les plus substantielles des réflexions théoriques de Dekeukeleire sur le cinéma : leur exploration, pour le moment inédite, amène à dessiner les contours de ce que l'on peut nommer, chez lui, une forme de programme. Celui-ci repose sur la problématisation par le réalisateur d'une notion complexe aux significations et applications diverses, à des niveaux pratiques et théoriques : l'idée d'un esprit de la machine cinématographique. La majorité de ses productions filmiques comme écrites (publiées et non-publiées) depuis les années 1920 jusqu'aux années 1960 convergent vers cette notion, se faisant les véhicules d'une idéologie machinique propre au contexte socio-culturel qui entoure l'industrie

La sclérose tubéreuse : manifestations bucco-dentaires et prise en charge

Tuberous sclerosis is a rare genetic neurocutaneous disease characterized by multisystemic hamartomas and associated neuropsychiatric manifestations. Associated general disorders are diverse and the expression of the disease is variable, which makes the diagnosis complex. The interest of this work is to realize a clinical approach of the disease, for better therapeutic management of these patients in dental practices. The first part discusses the genetic aspects of the disease. The second part details the general and oral problems. The third part deals with the different therapies to implement for optimal patient management in dentistry.La sclérose tubéreuse est une maladie neurocutanée génétique rare qui se caractérise par des hamartomes multisystémiques et associée à des manifestations neuropsychiatriques. Les atteintes générales associées sont diverses et l’expression de la maladie est variable, ce qui rend le diagnostic complexe. L’intérêt de ce travail est de réaliser une approche clinique et thérapeutique de la maladie, afin de mieux prendre en charge ces patients au sein des cabinets dentaires. La première partie expose les aspects génétiques de la maladie. La deuxième partie détaille les différentes atteintes générales et bucco-dentaires. La troisième partie traite les différentes thérapeutiques à mettre en œuvre pour une prise en charge des patients en odontologie

Rapid loss of maternal immunity and increase in environmentally mediated antibody generation in urban gulls

Abstract Monitoring pathogen circulation in wildlife sentinel populations can help to understand and predict the spread of disease at the wildlife-livestock-human interface. Immobile young provide a useful target population for disease surveillance, since they can be easily captured for sampling and their levels of antibodies against infectious agents can provide an index of localized circulation. However, early-life immune responses include both maternally-derived antibodies and antibodies resulting from exposure to pathogens, and disentangling these two processes requires understanding their individual dynamics. We conducted an egg-swapping experiment in an urban-nesting sentinel seabird, the yellow-legged gull, and measured antibody levels against three pathogens of interest (avian influenza virus AIV, Toxoplasma gondii TOX, and infectious bronchitis virus IBV) across various life stages, throughout chick growth, and between nestlings raised by biological or non-biological parents. We found that levels of background circulation differed among pathogens, with AIV antibodies widely present across all life stages, TOX antibodies rarer, and IBV antibodies absent. Antibody titers declined steadily from adult through egg, nestling, and chick stages. For the two circulating pathogens, maternal antibodies declined exponentially after hatching at similar rates, but the rate of linear increase due to environmental exposure was significantly higher in the more prevalent pathogen (AIV). Differences in nestling antibody levels due to parental effects also persisted longer for AIV (25 days, vs. 14 days for TOX). Our results suggest that yellow-legged gulls can be a useful sentinel population of locally transmitted infectious agents, provided that chicks are sampled at ages when environmental exposure outweighs maternal effects

Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: evaluation of a therapeutic strategy in oral surgery

International audienceBackground: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe adverse illness linked to antiresorptive therapies (ART), for which there is no therapeutic gold standard. Many factors can influence MRONJ evolution such as cancer type, treatment, comorbidities, and accumulated dose of ART. The aim of this study was to determine the influencing factors of MRONJ treatments success.Methods: This retrospective study focused on patients treated for MRONJ in a French tertiary centre. Non-operative therapy was always applied, ART were suspended if appropriate, and surgery (MRONJ removal and musculo-mucosal flap reconstruction) was performed in the absence of contraindication. The evaluation criteria were bone and mucosal healing 3 months after surgery.Results: 81 MRONJ were included; medical treatment alone was administered to 26% while the remaining 74% received additional surgery. Therapeutic success reached 86.7% (52/60) for surgery compared to 42.9% (9/21) for medical treatment alone (p<0.001). Age (OR=1.08, p=0.014) and the absence of infection (OR=5.32, p=0.042) were in favour of success, while medical treatment alone (OR=0.03, p<0.001) was highly unfavourable.Conclusion: MRONJ healing is influenced by age, non-infectious stages, and surgery. Additional surgery in MRONJ treatment should be advised if the health of the patient permits