Growth performance and feed conversion of Ruspolia differens on plant‐based by‐product diets

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Vesistö- ja valuma-aluekunnostukset Natura 2000 -alueilla: suunnittelun toimintamalli

Vesienhoidon ja luonnonsuojelun tavoitteet ovat useimmiten yhdenmukaisia. Ne tähtäävät paitsi vesiekosysteemien hyvään tilaan, myös lajien ja luontotyyppien suotuisaan suojelutasoon. Vesien ja luontotyyppien tilan parantamisen ohella vesistökunnostustoimenpiteitä voidaan suunnitella myös virkistyskäyttöedellytysten kohentamiseksi ja maisemansuojelun edistämiseksi. Vesistöjen ekologisen tilan parantaminen edellyttää useimmiten riittävää ulkoisen kuormituksen vähentämistä. Näin ollen vesiensuojelutoimet valuma-alueella ovat keskeisiä hoitotoimia vesistökunnostuksissa ja valuma-aluetasoisen kunnostussuunnittelun tarve on nostettu esille useissa ohjelmissa ja strategioissa. Toistaiseksi Natura 2000 -alueiden huomioiminen on kuitenkin jäänyt valuma-aluetason kunnostussuunnittelun ohjeistuksessa vähälle huomiolle. Vesienhoidon ja virkistyskäytön toimenpiteet voivat toisinaan aiheuttaa luontodirektiivin lajien lisääntymis- ja levähdyspaikkojen paikallista heikentymistä ja maisemansuojelulliset hoitotoimenpiteet voivat puolestaan olla ristiriidassa vesiensuojelutavoitteiden kanssa. Myös luonto- ja lintudirektiivin tavoitteet saattavat ajoittain olla ristiriidassa toistensa kanssa. Natura 2000 -alueilla tehtävien vesistökunnostusten ja vesiensuojelutoimenpiteiden tulisi parantaa paitsi vesistön tilaa, myös alueen suojeluperusteena olevan luontotyypin tilaa, sekä edistää luontotyypille ominaisten lajien elinmahdollisuuksia. Luontodirektiivin lajien suotuisan suojelutason sekä lajien lisääntymis- ja levähdyspaikkojen säilyminen on turvattava. Freshabit LIFE IP -hankkeessa (2016–2022) toteutettiin vesistö- ja valuma-aluekunnostuksia yhteensä 33 Natura 2000 -alueella, jotka sijoittuivat 11 vesistöalueelle eri puolille Suomea. Hankkeen tavoitteena oli parantaa Suomen sisävesien luonnon monimuotoisuutta ja kohdevesistöjen ekologista tilaa kehittämällä valuma-aluetason suunnittelun toimintatapoja ja testaamalla niitä hankkeen kohdevesistöissä. Hankkeen kokemusten perusteella koottiin tämä toimintamalli, jossa kuvataan vesistö- ja valuma-aluekunnostusten suunnittelun periaatteet Natura 2000 -alueilla, jotta mahdolliset ristiriidat pystytään huomioimaan ja ratkaisemaan. Natura 2000 -alueilla valuma-aluetason kunnostussuunnittelun keskiössä ovat paitsi erityistä huomiota vaativien lajien ja luontotyyppien tunnistaminen ja huomioiminen toimenpiteiden ajoituksessa ja sijoittamisessa, myös sidosryhmien osallistaminen jo suunnittelun alkuvaiheessa. Sidosryhmistä oleellisimpia ovat maa- ja vesialueiden omistajat. Vesistökunnostusmenetelmät valitaan kohdekohtaisesti, seurantatietojen perusteella tunnistettujen ongelmien ja niiden pohjalta muodostettujen tavoitteiden mukaisesti. Kunnostusten seurantaan tulee varata riittävästi resursseja, jotta vaikuttavuutta pystytään arvioimaan. Seurantaa tulisi tehdä niin vedenlaadun ja biologisten tekijöiden kuin direktiivilajien osalta myös kunnostusten jälkeen. Ulkoisen kuormituksen vähentäminen on avainasemassa, jotta kunnostuksilla voidaan saavuttaa vaikuttavuutta pitkällä tähtäimellä. Restoration and water protection of aquatic ecosystems at Natura 2000 sites: framework for planning The goals of water resource management and nature conservation are most often consistent. Both can aim at a good status of aquatic ecosystems, and at a favorable conservation status of species and habitats. In addition to improving the condition of aquatic ecosystems, restoration measures can also be targeted to improve the prerequisites for recreational use and to promote landscape protection. Improving the ecological status of water bodies typically requires a sufficient reduction of the external loading. Consequently, water protection measures in the catchment area are key management measures on a watershed level. The need for planning restoration measures at the catchment scale has been brought up in several national programs and strategies. However, the consideration of Natura 2000 sites has so far received less attention in such guidelines. Some restoration measures targeted to improve the status of water bodies and their recreational value can sometimes cause a local deterioration of breeding and resting habitats for species that are included in the European Union’s Birds and Habitats Directives. Also, some landscape protection measures can, in turn, conflict with the goals of water protection. Additionally, the objectives of the Birds and Habitats Directives may sometimes conflict with each other. The restoration of water bodies and water protection measures carried out at sites under Natura 2000 network should not only improve the status of aquatic ecosystems and certain habitat types to which protection of the areas are based on, but they should also promote the survival of species that are typical for the given habitat types. A favorable conservation status for species and habitats must be secured. In the Freshabit LIFE IP -project (2016–2022), restoration and water protection measures were carried out at a total of 33 Natura 2000 sites located in 11 separate watersheds around the country. The aim of the project was to improve the biodiversity of Finnish inland waters and the ecological status of the target lakes and streams by developing and implementing planning procedures at a catchment scale. Based on the project’s experiences, this framework for planning was put together to describe the principles of planning restoration and water protection measures at Natura 2000 sites, so that possible conflicts can be considered and resolved. At Natura 2000 sites, the focus of planning restorations at the catchment level is not only about identification and consideration of species and habitats that require special attention in the timing and placement of different measures. It is also about the involvement of stakeholders, most importantly the owners of land and water areas, already in the initial stages of planning. The restoration methods are selected site-specifically, according to the problems identified and targets set on the basis of validated monitoring data. Sufficient resources should always be set aside for monitoring the impacts of restorations, that should be carried out before, during and after the easures allowing for evaluating their effectiveness. Monitoring should include both water quality, morphology and the species included in the Directives. Reducing the external loading is always a key to achieve effectiveness in the long term

Benchmarking measures for handling potential visitor pressures in protected areas; a case of North Karelia biosphere reserve

Protected areas have increasingly become popular environment for visitors seeking outdoor recreation and relaxation in recent years. This is also reflected in UNESCO test and model site of sustainable development, the North Karelian Biosphere Reserve. Sustainability of protected areas is achieved when tourism-specific planning and management systems of a region do not conflict with the site’s conservation objectives. Economic instruments such as entrance fees are frequently proposed to regulate and manage visitor volume to vulnerable sites and nature in general. While being common in many countries throughout the world, it seems to have to an extent limited applicability in North Karelia, mainly due to the public rights of access. In this report, trends and policies affecting management of North Karelia Biosphere Reserve as a protected area are investigated, after which examples of best practices and series of indicators that could be applicable in handling potential visitor pressures across the Biosphere Reserve are offered. Julkaisun saavutettavuus on tarkistettu

Ratkaisuja matkailuyrityksille energia- ja materiaalitehokkuteen

Tähän kirjaan on kerätty matkailuyrittäjin käyttöön toimiviksi havaittuja ratkaisuja energian tuotannosta ja säästöstä sekä energiatehokkuuden parantamisesta. Kirjassa esitellään myös asiakaskäyttöön sopivia kuivakäymälämalleja, ratkaisuja harmaan veden käsittelyyn sekä annetaan vinkkejä kierrätyksen tehostamiseen. Julkaisun saavutettavuus on tarkistettu

Fatty acid content and composition in edible Ruspolia differens feeding on mixtures of natural food plants

Abstract Objectives To develop successful mass-rearing programs of edible insects, knowledge of the feeds and their influence on nutritional content is critical. We assessed the influence of natural food plants (grass inflorescences) and their mixtures on fatty acid profiles of edible Ruspolia differens. We reared neonate nymphs to adult on six dietary treatments consisting of one, and mixtures of two, three, five, six and eight plants. Results The contents of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-6/omega-3 ratio, and adult body weight did not differ among dietary treatments. However, the composition of fatty acids differed significantly among insects fed on six dietary treatments, but only for the rare fatty acids. Our results demonstrate that even if natural diets (grass inflorescences) do not strongly modify fatty acid contents or compositions of R. differens, when reared from neonate nymphs to adults, their n − 6/n − 3 fatty acid ratio is generally low and thus good for a healthy human diet

Changes in the protected area network and forest biodiversity protection in the Barents Region 2013–2020

The Barents Region displays one of the largest and relatively intact forest ecosystems that remain still on Earth. Forest ecosystems have a crucial role in mitigation of and adaptation to the climate change. The benefits that biodiversity provides are fundamental to human well-being and health in the Barents Region. Mainstreaming biodiversity is one of the main components in safeguarding nature values. Boreal forests and protected areas are a priority in the Barents Euro-Arctic Council’s (BEAC) Working Group on Environment (WGE) and its Subgroup on Nature and Water (SNW). The Ministers of the Environment of the Barents Region countries stressed the need for further co-operation to protect the intact forests in their meeting in February 2020.  The aim of the Forest biodiversity protection in the Barents Region in 2020 and beyond -project was to study the status of coverage and representativeness of the protected area network in the Barents Region in order to evaluate whether the region has achieved the CBD Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 to conserve 17% of the terrestrial and inland water areas by 2020. In the Barents Region, the coverage of protected areas has increased during 2013–2020, from 231 112 km2 to 256 350 km2 (from 13,1% to 14,5%), when we exclude North Karelia, the newest member in the Barents Region and the Russian Arctic islands of Novaya Zemlya and Franz Josef Land. If we compare the situation with the 17% threshold of the CBD Aichi Biodiversity Target 11, the protection level remains 2,5% units under the 17% threshold. Finnish (25,5%) and Swedish (23,7%) study areas exceeded the 17% threshold in protection area at the end of 2020. At the regional level, four of the 14 regions belonging to the Barents Region exceeded the 17% threshold: Lapland (34,6%), Norrbotten (26,6%), Nordland (19,4%) and Västerbotten (18,5%). The biggest progress in the increasing of the protection level (%) was in the Finnish study area, 2,3% units. The progress in the Russian study area was 1,6% units, in the Swedish study area 1,0% units, and in the Norwegian study area 0,5% units. The biggest progress in the total protected area (km2) was in the Russian study area, 19 573 km2, following with the Finnish study area 3 614 km2, the Swedish study area 1 533 km2, and the Norwegian study area 518 km2

The plant-based by-product diets for the mass-rearing of Acheta domesticus and Gryllus bimaculatus

Article id e0218830.201