Oxidation of austenitic stainless steels in PWR primary water

International audience304L and 316L SS samples are SCC-tested in PWR water for various conditions: strain level, duration, pH, surface finish. The passive Chromium-rich oxide layer, the consistent oxidation feature, is characterized using Transmission Electron Microscope analysis. EDX analysis and Energy-filtered images are used to map the oxide penetration at the surface of the sample and at contiguous grain boundaries. Statistical data obtained by these characterizations are exploited to considerate the effects of deformation, pH and duration on oxidation. Complementary analyses of intergranular crack initiations allow to invetigate the oxidation phenomenon at grain boundaries and its influence on intergranular cracking

Development of Understanding of The Interaction between Localized deformation and SCC of Austenitic Stainless Steels Exposed to Primary Environment

International audienceUnderstanding and quantification of interactions between localized deformation in materials and environmental-assisted cracking (EAC) could play an important role in maintaining the integrity of LWR components. Thus, a detailed understanding of strain localization during plastic deformation and of the underlying mechanisms is of great importance for the manufacturing and design of materials exposed to the environment of the primary circuit of PWRs. Thus, the crystal plasticity law of a 304L austenitic stainless steel has been identified, in order to quantify the effect of a change of strain path on the strain localization and increase the understanding of the contribution of the strain hardening and the strain incompatibilities on the mechanisms of initiation of SCC. Pre-deformation of the specimens used for SCC tests was evaluated using image correlation. Constant elongation rate tests and constant elongation tests were conducted for different levels of pre-deformations (0.07 < < 0.18). Examinations indicated the severe and deleterious effect of the strain localization due to a change of strain path on intergranular SCC susceptibility. Intergranular cracks initiated systematically in the low-deformed areas, where limited deformation (less than 1%) occurred during the exposure to the environment, and where high stress levels due to strain incompatibilities are expected

Epinephrine Versus Norepinephrine for Cardiogenic Shock After Acute Myocardial Infarction

BACKGROUND Vasopressor agents could have certain specific effects in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) after myocardial infarction, which may influence outcome. Although norepinephrine and epinephrine are currently the most commonly used agents, no randomized trial has compared their effects, and intervention data are lacking. OBJECTIVES The goal of this paper was to compare in a prospective, double-blind, multicenter, randomized study, the efficacy and safety of epinephrine and norepinephrine in patients with CS after acute myocardial infarction. METHODS The primary efficacy outcome was cardiac index evolution, and the primary safety outcome was the occurrence of refractory CS. Refractory CS was defined as CS with sustained hypotension, end-organ hypoperfusion and hyperlactatemia, and high inotrope and vasopressor doses. RESULTS Fifty-seven patients were randomized into 2 study arms, epinephrine and norepinephrine. For the primary efficacy endpoint, cardiac index evolution was similar between the 2 groups (p = 0.43) from baseline (H0) to H72. For the main safety endpoint, the observed higher incidence of refractory shock in the epinephrine group (10 of 27 [37%] vs. norepinephrine 2 of 30 [7%]; p = 0.008) led to early termination of the study. Heart rate increased significantly with epinephrine from H2 to H24 while remaining unchanged with norepinephrine (p <0.0001). Several metabolic changes were unfavorable to epinephrine compared with norepinephrine, including an increase in cardiac double product (p = 0.0002) and lactic acidosis from H2 to H24 (p <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In patients with CS secondary to acute myocardial infarction, the use of epinephrine compared with norepinephrine was associated with similar effects on arterial pressure and cardiac index and a higher incidence of refractory shock. (Study Comparing the Efficacy and Tolerability of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine in Cardiogenic Shock [OptimaCC]; NCT01367743) (J AmColl Cardiol 2018; 72: 173-82) (C) 2018 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.Peer reviewe

Tromper l'escroc

Curtmetratge. Comunicació Audiovisual. AB61 Realització audiovisual. Curs acadèmic 2008/2009

Fate of the distal aorta after surgical repair of acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection: A review

SummaryOperated acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection has to be considered as a chronic aortic disease with the potential of late distal dilatation with aneurysm formation and need for reoperation. Several intraoperative strategies have been devised to prevent late complications. However, the increased operative risk associated with a more aggressive initial approach in an emergent setting has to be balanced against the relatively low incidence of late reoperations. Further studies will have to identify preoperative risk factors for late distal aortic complications more precisely in order to select patients who might benefit the most from these newer surgical strategies

EGFR-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer at Surgical Stages: What Is the Place for Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors?

The ADAURA trial has been significant for the perception of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as a tool for early stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It produced such great insight that the main TKI, Osimertinib, was rapidly integrated into international guidelines for adjuvant use. However, EGFR-mutant NSCLC is a complex entity and has various targeting drugs, and the benefits for patients might not be as clear as they seem. We reviewed trials and meta-analyses considering TKI adjuvant and neoadjuvant use. We also explored the influence of mutation variability and financial evaluations. We found that TKIs often show disease-free survival (DFS) benefits, yet studies have struggled to improve the overall survival (OS); however, the results from the literature might be confusing because of variability in the stages and mutations. The safety profiles and adverse events are acceptable, but costs remain high and accessibility might not be optimal. TKIs are promising drugs that could allow for tailored treatment designs

Influence of EP/PP viscosity ratio on the surface morphology and elasticity of injection moulded PP/EP

The influence of the viscosity ratio between (ethylene-propylene) copolymer (EP) and polypropylene (PP) on the EP surface distribution in injection moulded disks of PP/EP resins has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and by atomic force and force modulation microscopies (AFM and FMM). TEM images taken on transverse sections parallel to the injection direction reveal that, for high EP/PP viscosity ratios, large (>1 mu m) undeformed EP nodules are observed up to the surface. The AFM and FMM observations performed on the surface reveal soft regions of the same size embedded in a more rigid matrix (undeformed EP nodules present at or just below the surface). For low viscosity ratios, EP rubber nodules, strongly elongated parallel to the surface, are observed by TEM. From FMM measurements, the elastic modulus is found to be homogeneous across the surface and is comparable to that measured above EP nodules on the high viscosity ratio resin. (C) 1999 Society of Chemical Industry

Effets immédiats d'un effort concentrique quasi maximal sur la performance de type explosif

Miller C., Quièvre Jacques, Couturier Antoine, Michaut Anne, Keifer Y., Legras F., Boucharin E., Colson Angeline, Colombo Claude. Effets immédiats d'un effort concentrique quasi maximal sur la performance de type explosif. In: Les Cahiers de l'INSEP, n°34, 2003. Expertise et sport de haut niveau. pp. 175-179