Evaluation and Design Space Exploration of a Time-Division Multiplexed NoC on FPGA for Image Analysis Applications

The aim of this paper is to present an adaptable Fat Tree NoC architecture for Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) designed for image analysis applications. Traditional NoCs (Network on Chip) are not optimal for dataflow applications with large amount of data. On the opposite, point to point communications are designed from the algorithm requirements but they are expensives in terms of resource and wire. We propose a dedicated communication architecture for image analysis algorithms. This communication mechanism is a generic NoC infrastructure dedicated to dataflow image processing applications, mixing circuit-switching and packet-switching communications. The complete architecture integrates two dedicated communication architectures and reusable IP blocks. Communications are based on the NoC concept to support the high bandwidth required for a large number and type of data

Résultats préliminaires en faveur de l'existence d'un antigène majeur de surface, spécifique de LEISHMANIA BRAZILIENSIS BRAZILIENSIS

L'Etude comparative des antigènes de surface de 10 souches boliviennes de référence de la sous-espèce L. B. Braziliensis a permis de mettre en évidence une grande homogénéité au sein de ce groupe. Les souches éprouvées possèdent des profils antigéniques où domine un antigène de 72kD. (Résumé d'auteur

Differential effects of lobe A and lobe B of the conserved oligomeric golgi complex on the stability of β1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 and α2,6-sialyltransferase 1

Erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzen.ch)Initially described by Jaeken et al. in 1980, congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) is a rapidly expanding group of human multisystemic disorders. To date, many CDG patients have been identified with deficiencies in the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex which is a complex involved in the vesicular intra-Golgi retrograde trafficking. Composed of eight subunits that are organized in two lobes, COG subunit deficiencies have been associated with Golgi glycosylation abnormalities. Analysis of the total serum N-glycans of COG-deficient CDG patients demonstrated an overall decrease in terminal sialylation and galactosylation. According to the mutated COG subunits, differences in late Golgi glycosylation were observed and led us to address the question of an independent role and requirement for each of the two lobes of the COG complex in the stability and localization of late terminal Golgi glycosylation enzymes. For this, we used a small-interfering RNAs strategy in HeLa cells stably expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged β1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 (B4GALT1) and α2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6GAL1), two major Golgi glycosyltransferases involved in late Golgi N-glycosylation. Using fluorescent lectins and flow cytometry analysis, we clearly demonstrated that depletion of both lobes was associated with deficiencies in terminal Golgi N-glycosylation. Lobe A depletion resulted in dramatic changes in the Golgi structure, whereas lobe B depletion severely altered the stability of B4GALT1 and ST6GAL1. Only MG132 was able to rescue their steady-state levels, suggesting that B4GALT1- and ST6GAL1-induced degradation are likely the consequence of an accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), followed by a retrotranslocation into the cytosol and proteasomal degradation. All together, our results suggest differential effects of lobe A and lobe B for the localization/stability of B4GALT1 and ST6GAL1. Lobe B would be crucial in preventing these two Golgi glycosyltransferases from inappropriate retrograde trafficking to the ER, whereas lobe A appears to be essential for maintaining the overall Golgi structure

Differential effects of lobe A and lobe B of the Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex on the stability of β1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 and α2,6-sialyltransferase 1

Initially described by Jaeken et al. in 1980, congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) is a rapidly expanding group of human multisystemic disorders. To date, many CDG patients have been identified with deficiencies in the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex which is a complex involved in the vesicular intra-Golgi retrograde trafficking. Composed of eight subunits that are organized in two lobes, COG subunit deficiencies have been associated with Golgi glycosylation abnormalities. Analysis of the total serum N-glycans of COG-deficient CDG patients demonstrated an overall decrease in terminal sialylation and galactosylation. According to the mutated COG subunits, differences in late Golgi glycosylation were observed and led us to address the question of an independent role and requirement for each of the two lobes of the COG complex in the stability and localization of late terminal Golgi glycosylation enzymes. For this, we used a small-interfering RNAs strategy in HeLa cells stably expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged β1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 (B4GALT1) and α2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6GAL1), two major Golgi glycosyltransferases involved in late Golgi N-glycosylation. Using fluorescent lectins and flow cytometry analysis, we clearly demonstrated that depletion of both lobes was associated with deficiencies in terminal Golgi N-glycosylation. Lobe A depletion resulted in dramatic changes in the Golgi structure, whereas lobe B depletion severely altered the stability of B4GALT1 and ST6GAL1. Only MG132 was able to rescue their steady-state levels, suggesting that B4GALT1- and ST6GAL1-induced degradation are likely the consequence of an accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), followed by a retrotranslocation into the cytosol and proteasomal degradation. All together, our results suggest differential effects of lobe A and lobe B for the localization/stability of B4GALT1 and ST6GAL1. Lobe B would be crucial in preventing these two Golgi glycosyltransferases from inappropriate retrograde trafficking to the ER, whereas lobe A appears to be essential for maintaining the overall Golgi structur

Simple methods for crosstalk reduction in fiber optical parametric amplifiers

International audienceWe propose and numerically demonstrate two simple methods for reduction of the crosstalk caused by four-wave mixing between the pump and the wavelength-division multiplexed channels in single-pump fiber optical parametric amplifier. The first one is based on a proper tuning of the WDM system from the pump wavelength and the second one uses the Stokes side rather than the anti-Stokes side in the gain band

Sepsis and septic shock in patients with malignancies : a Groupe de Recherche Respiratoire en Réanimation Onco-Hématologique study

Objectives: Cancer affects up to 20% of critically ill patients, and sepsis is one of the leading reasons for ICU admission in this setting. Early signals suggested that survival might be increasing in this population. However, confirmation studies have been lacking. The goal of this study was to assess trends in survival rates over time in cancer patients admitted to the ICU for sepsis or septic shock over the last 2 decades. Data Source: Seven European ICUs. Study Selection: A hierarchical model taking into account the year of admission and the source dataset as random variables was used to identify risk factors for day 30 mortality. Data Extraction: Data from cancer patients admitted to ICUs for sepsis or septic shock were extracted from the Groupe de Recherche Respiratoire en Reanimation Onco-Hematologique database (1994-2015). Data Synthesis: Overall, 2,062 patients (62% men, median [interquartile range] age 59 yr [48-67 yr]) were included in the study. Underlying malignancies were solid tumors (n = 362; 17.6%) or hematologic malignancies (n = 1,700; 82.4%), including acute leukemia (n = 591; 28.7%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 461; 22.3%), and myeloma (n = 244; 11.8%). Two-hundred fifty patients (12%) underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and 640 (31.0%) were neutropenic at ICU admission. Day 30 mortality was 39.9% (823 deaths). The year of ICU admission was associated with significant decrease in day 30 mortality over time (odds ratio, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.98; p = 0.001). Mechanical ventilation (odds ratio, 3.25; 95% CI, 2.52-4.19; p < 0.01) and vasopressors use (odds ratio, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.10-1.83; p < 0.01) were independently associated with day 30 mortality, whereas underlying malignancy, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and neutropenia were not. Conclusions: Survival in critically ill oncology and hematology patients with sepsis improved significantly over time. As outcomes improve, clinicians should consider updating admission policies and goals of care in this population

A role for lipid rafts in the protection afforded by docosahexaenoic acid against ethanol toxicity in primary rat hepatocytes.

International audience: Previously, we demonstrated that eicosapentaenoic acid enhanced ethanol-induced oxidative stress and cell death in primary rat hepatocytes via an increase in membrane fluidity and lipid raft clustering. In this context, another n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), was tested with a special emphasis on physical and chemical alteration of lipid rafts. Pretreatment of hepatocytes with DHA reduced significantly ethanol-induced oxidative stress and cell death. DHA protection could be related to an alteration of lipid rafts. Indeed, rafts exhibited a marked increase in membrane fluidity and packing defects leading to the exclusion of a raft protein marker, flotillin. Furthermore, DHA strongly inhibited disulfide bridge formation, even in control cells, thus suggesting a disruption of protein-protein interactions inside lipid rafts. This particular spatial organization of lipid rafts due to DHA subsequently prevented the ethanol-induced lipid raft clustering. Such a prevention was then responsible for the inhibition of phospholipase C-γ translocation into rafts, and consequently of both lysosome accumulation and elevation in cellular low-molecular-weight iron content, a prooxidant factor. In total, the present study suggests that DHA supplementation could represent a new preventive approach for patients with alcoholic liver disease based upon modulation of the membrane structures