Blandin, J.

Delauney, Laurent

Dentrecolas, S.

Dorval, Philippe

Dupont, Jacky

Hamon, Michel

Le Gall, Christian

Le Roux, Dominique

Legrand, J.

León, P.

Lévèque, J.P.

Rodier, P.

Sarradin, Pierre Marie

Sarrazin, Jozée

Sudreau, Jean-Pierre

Vuillemin, Renaud

UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC

INSTRUMENTATION VIEWPOINTSessions23M2TEMPO: A NEW ECOLOGICAL MODULE FOR STUDYING DEEP-SEA COMMUNITY DYNAMICS AT HYDROTHERMAL VENTSJ. Sarrazin(1), J. Blandin(1), L. Delauney(1), S. Dentrecolas(2), P. Dorval(1), J. Du-pont(1), J. Legrand(1), C. Le Gall(1), D. Le Roux(1), M. Hamon(1), J.P. Sudreau(1), P. Léon(2), J.P. Lévèque(2), P. Rodier(1), R. Vuillemin(1), P.M. Sarradin(1)1- Ifremer, Départements DEEP et TSI, Centre de Brest, 29 280 Plouzané, FranceTel : 33 2 98 22 43 29, e-mail Jozee.Sarrazin@ifremer.fr2- Ifremer, Département SM, Centre de Toulon, 83 507 La Seyne sur mer, France1. IntroductionThere is world-wide recognition for the need of long term in situ mon-itoring of the marine environment. Particularly lacking in the study of abyssal benthic communities are time-series data. Time-series stud-ies provide a means of studying organism growth, faunal succession, biological interactions and the response of species and communities to environmental changes [1]. Understanding community dynamics is also an important prerequisite for management, conservation and protection of natural ecosystems. A great eff ort is now being invested by the international scientifi c community into developing new ways to study the temporal aspect of both environmental and biotic fac-tors in abyssal zones. The goal of networked seafl oor observatories (c.f. ESONET, NEPTUNE) is to develop multidisciplinary long-term ex-periments for observations and monitoring of seafl oor active proc-esses. The development of new scientifi c tools, suited for long-term deployment, is an essential step to insure the success of these future observatories. The major goal of this project, elaborated in the frame of the EXOCET/D European project [2], was to design a fi rst autonomous long-term imaging module for studying deep-sea community dynamics at hy-drothermal vents.2. Results and discussionThis autonomous module called TEMPO is built around 2 main structures. The fi rst one hosts the energy container, the COSTOF (SEAMON master electronics) and a junction box. The dimensions of this structure are 110*110*100 cm. During the mooring, it held the sensor module and the 15m connection cable. The sensor mod-ule (0.85*0.70*0.65cm) includes the camera and lights (AIM), au-tonomous temperature probes, and a CHEMINI Fe analyzer with its reagents. This frame can be handled by underwater vehicles and is equipped with 2 adjustable feet.2.1 Camera and lightsThe AIM is composed of a color video camera SONY EX980 (18x zoom lens, ¼” super HAD CCD). The zoom, iris and focus, can be controlled via an RS232C serial link during the deployment by the submersible. A low power digital video recorder based on a MPEG2 compression module acquires, encodes and stores the digital signal on a 40 Giga-byte compact hard disk. A low power controller schedules the op-erations of the diff erent parts of the AIM (camera, recorder, lighting, remote links). A 38,4kbds CLSI (Contact Less Serial Inductive Link, NKE/Ifremer) allows activation of the camera, control of the settings, and the streaming of a lower resolution image during the deploy-ment. The light is provided by two 35W LEDs projectors (DYNASUB, Fr). 2.2 Anti-fouling systemBiofouling is a major issue in the vent ecosystem. Biofi lms form on every available surfaces and trap the mineral particles produced by the hot fl uids. Localized microchloration is used for preventing bio-fouling. The portholes of the video camera and projectors were coat-ed with a thin conductive and transparent fi lm of metallic oxide. The application of a defi ned potential allows sea water electrolysis gener-ating hypochlorite on the surfaces. This method does not modify the image and the concentrations of chemicals released are negligible. 2.3 Chemical analyserThe development of in situ analysers to make chemical measure-ments in marine environment is essential to allow the chemical characterisation of habitats prevailing in vent ecosystems. CHEMINI allows the in situ calibration and determination of iron using fl ow in-jection analysis and colorimetric detection [3].The hydraulic module is a pressure-balanced tank fi lled with dielectric oil. Peristaltic pumps and SMC solenoid valves are used for circulation of the diff erent fl uids. Most of the manifold tubing is replaced by an engraved circuit in PMMA, integrating directly pumps and valves to limit the use of tubing and connecting parts. The detection module holds the electronic cards and the colorimeter in a pressure tank. The quartz fl ow cell, manufactured by HELLMA (France), is placed outside this tank. The light is emitted by LED to the external quartz fl ow cell and returns to the detector via optic fi bres and special waterproof ti-tanium optic pass through (SEDI, France). The fi nal signal is obtained using synchronous detection. A low consumption board (ATMEL At-mega) pilots the electronic part of CHEMINI. 2.4 Power and controlsTEMPO is powered by a set of lithium cells that will provide 4 kW per hour during one year. The measurement sequencing and data acquisition are performed by a COSTOF (Communication and STOr-age Front-end). It includes a series of simple, identical and low power electronic boards, each dedicated to one sensor and communicat-ing through a CAN (Controller Area Network) fi eld bus, providing maximum modularity and reliability to TEMPO. Both the power and control subsets are generic components from the so-called SEAMON technology, developed by Ifremer for non cabled long term observa-tories [4]. Two Contact Less Serial Inductive links were used to control and adjust the settings.2.5 At sea trialsThe MoMARETO cruise was held from August 6 to September 6, 2006 on the new French oceanographic vessel Pourquoi pas?, with the ROV Victor 6000. The main objective of this cruise was to study the spatial and temporal dynamics of hydrothermal communities colonizing the MoMAR zone, located on the Azores Triple Junction [5]. TEMPO was deployed at the base of an active hydrothermal edifi ce at 1700m depth on the Lucky Strike vent fi eld. The system was moored from the vessel by free falling mode. On the bottom, the ROV Victor deployed TEMPO close to the targeted study site. The sensor module was extracted from the main structure and the submersible precisely positioned it near a Bathymodiolus azoricus mussel assemblage lo-cated at the base of the Tour Eiff el edifi ce. The CHEMINI sample inlet, associated to two autonomous temperature probes (NKE), was de-ployed within the target mussel assemblage. To check the point of view of the camera, a low-resolution still image was brought to the surface via a CLSI link. The module will record 2 x 3 minutes of high-quality video footage and take four in situ Fe measurements per day during one year. Temperature will be continuously recorded every 15 minutes in the vicinity of the assemblage. INSTRUMENTATION VIEWPOINTSessions243. ConclusionTEMPO will be hopefully recovered during summer 2007. Acquired imagery and environmental data will be analyzed to study the links between environmental changes and biotic factors, including com-position, density, biomass and growth of visible species (mussels, shrimps, crabs), behaviour and, biological interactions such as preda-tion.  4. AcknowledgementsWe would like to thank Captain Philippe Guillemet of the R/V Pour-quoi pas? and his crew for their never-failing collaboration to the suc-cess of this cruise. We also acknowledge the Victor 6000 ROV team for their patience and constant support. The authors also express their sincere thanks to all members of the EXOCET/D team for their hard work towards the development of the instruments tested and the methodologies used during this cruise. 5. References[1] Sarradin, PM, and EXOCET/D consortium. InterRidge News. 12: 11, 2003. [2] Sarrazin J., V. Robigou, S. K. Juniper and J. R. Delaney. MEPS, 153, 5-24, 1997.[3] Sarradin, P.M., N. Le Bris, C. Le Gall and P. Rodier. Talanta 66: 1131-1138, 2005.[4] Blandin J.  and J.F. Rolin. Sea Tech., 46: 33-36, 2005.[5] Sarrazin J., P.M. Sarradin and the MoMARETO cruise participants. InterRidge News, 24-33, 2006.M2THE NEMO PROJECT: DEVELOPMENT OF PHASE 2Mario Sedita for the NeMO collaborationINFN-LNS Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, ItalyTel. +39 095 542267 email: sedita@lns.infn.it.1. IntroductionThe detection of high-energy neutrinos coming from the deep uni-verse is considered by the Astrophysics and Particle-Physics commu-nity one of the main scientifi c goals of the next years. The Infn, (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare), after the realization of a technological demonstrator (the NeMO Phase 1 project), at 2.000 m depth, has under way an advanced R&D program, the NeMO Phase 2, that include long term exploration close to the Sicilian coast for the installation of the detector.The Phase 2 consist of a new electro-optical cabled facility at 3.500 m depth at 50 nautical miles from the south-east coast of Sicily.This infrastructure it’s also used for others scientifi c applications, (Acoustics, Geophysics, etc.) and operate as a multidisciplinary un-derwater laboratory.2. Results and Discussion Technical aspects under realisation will be presented with particular attention to:- Cable Backbone- Sub-sea Distribution Network- Power and Data Transmission- Connection System3. ConclusionsAn underwater infrastructure is under realization on the deep sea site selected by the NeMO collaboration as a candidate for the installa-tion of the km3 neutrino telescope.The infrastructure includes a 100 km long electro-optical cable, a shore station in Portopalo di Capo Passero and the power feeding and control equipments.The installation of the backbone cable and power systems has start-ed. The plant will be installed by the end of spring 2008. 4. References[1] E. Migneco et al., Nucl. Phys. B, Proc. Suppl. 136 (2004) 61.[2] E. Migneco et al., Status of NEMO, Nucl. Instr. And Methods in Physics Re-search, Proceed. of the 2nd Intern. Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescope. Catania, Italy, Nov. 8-11, 2005[3] Alcatel Submarine Network[4] M. Sedita, Electro-optical cable and power feeding system for the NEMO Phase-2 project. Nucl. Instr. And Methods in Physics Research, Proceed. of the 2nd Intern. Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescope. Catania, Italy, Nov. 8-11, 2005. AN INFORMATION MODEL FOR A POLICY BASED MAGAMENT. EXTENSIONS TO MARINE SENSOR NETWORKS AND OCEAN OBSERVATORIESJordi Sorribas (1), Antoni Barba (2), Enric Trullols (2), Jaume Piera (1)1.Marine Technology Unit (UTM) Spanish Research Council (CSIC), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.2.Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain1. IntroductionSensor networks for environmental data acquisition will play an important role in the development of future large data acquisition systems, particularly in oceanographic observation and operational oceanography. This paper will show the application of Policy Based Network Man-agement (PBNM) on Marine Sensor Networks (MSN) and Networked Ocean Observatories aiming to overcome the lack of fl exibility im-posed by more traditional network management paradigms.The development of MSNs must deal with several technical chal-lenges focused mainly on the management of the heterogeneity (equipment and data) and on the extension of the operational time. Diff erent systems and technologies are concurrent in the same net-work, forced to share hardware resources and exchange data. At same time many acquisition devices, and the network itself, have limited resources that must be well managed. Their multidisciplinary 

TEMPO: a new ecological module for studying deepsea community dynamics at hydrothermal vents

TEMPO: a new ecological module for studying deepsea community dynamics at hydrothermal vents

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC