Evaluation of the theoretical, technical and economic potential of industrial waste heat recovery in the Basque Country

Industrial waste heat recovery shows significant potential for increasing energy efficiency in industry. However, to design strategies that exploit this potential, it is necessary to have data about the quantity and characteristics of industrial waste heat flows. This information is not always readily available and many companies do not even have a systematic record of these energy flows. Hence, bottom-up methodologies to estimate that recovery potential by means of key transfer figures are useful tools within this field. In the present article, four different methods are applied to determine the industrial waste heat recovery potential in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country (northern Spain), an energy-intensive industrial region with large energy dependency from the outside. Besides, the analysis of the economic viability of the industrial waste heat recovery is essential, because it determines the final adoption of energy efficiency measures. For that aim, the authors develop an easy-to-apply bottom-up methodology to carry out an assessment for the economic potential of the estimated industrial waste heat at different temperature levels. This method is applied to 129 companies, whose potentials are characterized and discussed. The obtained results show that, for waste heat streams above 400 ?C, more than 90% of the studied companies present payback periods below five years. For those industries with waste heat temperatures below 200 ?C, the ratio decreases to around 40%, still a noticeable value. The estimations show a significant opportunity to implement solutions to recover this wasted energy, especially in the iron and steel sector and the petrochemical industry. The development of public policies that encourage these measurements would be also beneficial.The authors would like to acknowledge the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) for funding through the SweetTES research project (RTI 2018099557BC22)

Genetic variation of populations of Citrus psorosis virus

Citrus psorosis virus (CPsV), the type species of genus Ophiovirus, has a segmented, negative-stranded RNA genome. We examined the population structure and genetic variation of CPsV in three coding regions located in RNAs 1, 2 and 3, analysing 22 isolates from Argentina, California, Florida, Italy and Spain. Most isolates contained a predominant sequence and some minor variants. Estimations of the genetic diversity and phylogenetic clustering of isolates disclosed two populations, one comprising isolates from Spain, Italy, Florida and California and the other including the Argentinean isolates. Isolate CPV-4 (from Texas) included for comparison was distant from both groups, suggesting that it belongs to a third group. The low ratio between non-synonymous and synonymous nucleotide substitutions indicated strong selection for amino acid sequence conservation, particularly in the coat protein gene. Incongruent phylogenetic relationships in different genomic regions suggested that exchange of genomic segments may have contributed to CPsV evolution.Instituto de Biotecnologia y Biologia Molecula

Genetic variation of populations of Citrus psorosis virus

Citrus psorosis virus (CPsV), the type species of genus Ophiovirus, has a segmented, negative-stranded RNA genome. We examined the population structure and genetic variation of CPsV in three coding regions located in RNAs 1, 2 and 3, analysing 22 isolates from Argentina, California, Florida, Italy and Spain. Most isolates contained a predominant sequence and some minor variants. Estimations of the genetic diversity and phylogenetic clustering of isolates disclosed two populations, one comprising isolates from Spain, Italy, Florida and California and the other including the Argentinean isolates. Isolate CPV-4 (from Texas) included for comparison was distant from both groups, suggesting that it belongs to a third group. The low ratio between non-synonymous and synonymous nucleotide substitutions indicated strong selection for amino acid sequence conservation, particularly in the coat protein gene. Incongruent phylogenetic relationships in different genomic regions suggested that exchange of genomic segments may have contributed to CPsV evolution.Instituto de Biotecnologia y Biologia Molecula

Genetic variation of populations of Citrus psorosis virus

Citrus psorosis virus (CPsV), the type species of genus Ophiovirus, has a segmented, negative-stranded RNA genome. We examined the population structure and genetic variation of CPsV in three coding regions located in RNAs 1, 2 and 3, analysing 22 isolates from Argentina, California, Florida, Italy and Spain. Most isolates contained a predominant sequence and some minor variants. Estimations of the genetic diversity and phylogenetic clustering of isolates disclosed two populations, one comprising isolates from Spain, Italy, Florida and California and the other including the Argentinean isolates. Isolate CPV-4 (from Texas) included for comparison was distant from both groups, suggesting that it belongs to a third group. The low ratio between non-synonymous and synonymous nucleotide substitutions indicated strong selection for amino acid sequence conservation, particularly in the coat protein gene. Incongruent phylogenetic relationships in different genomic regions suggested that exchange of genomic segments may have contributed to CPsV evolution.Instituto de Biotecnologia y Biologia Molecula

Environmental Noise Exposure and Sleep Habits among Children in a Cohort from Northern Spain

Environmental noise is considered the second most serious environmental risk factor in Europe. However, little evidence exists regarding its impact on health and sleep in children, and the results are inconclusive. In this study, we aim to analyse the effect of environmental noise exposure on 11-year-old children’s sleep habits. Data were collected from 377 participants in the INMA-Gipuzkoa (INfancia y Medio Ambiente) cohort project using both parent-reported and actigraphic sleep measures. The results revealed that 60% of children have a day-evening-night environmental noise exposure (Lden) of above 55 dB, which is defined as a “high noise level”. No differences in noise exposure were observed between different socioeconomic groups. However, no effect of environmental noise was found on sleep variables. The paper highlights the importance of studying how environmental noise may affect children’s sleep.This study was funded by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS-PI06/0867, FIS-PI09/00090, FIS-PI13/02187, FIS-PI17/01340, FIS-PI18/01142, FIS-PI18/01237 incl FEDER funds), the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (EST-2016 RF-21), CIBERESP, the Basque Government Department of Health (2005111093, 2009111069, 2013111089, 2015111065 and 2018111086), the Gipuzkoa Provincial Council (DFG06/002, DFG08/001, DFG15/221 and DFG 89/17) and annual agreements with the municipalities of the study area (Zumarraga, Urretxu, Legazpi, Azkoitia, Azpeitia and Beasain)

Middle Jurassic-Late Cretaceous Paleogeography of the Western Margin of the Neuquén Basin (34° 30′–36° S)

U–Pb dating of detrital and igneous zircons from the retroarc deposits of the Neuquén Basin has shed light over the Mesozoic evolution of the western border of South America, yet the coeval arc and forearc regions remain mostly indirectly characterized. Furthermore, recent paleogeographic reconstructions consider the arc and forearc regions as a tectonically stable and static region at least until Late Cretaceous. In this chapter, we aim to contribute to the Middle Jurassic-Late Cretaceous paleogeographic reconstructions of the western margin of South America from a western point of view integrating the coeval arc and forearc evolution, between 34° 30′ and 36° S. We focus here in the deposits exposed along the Chilean slope of the Principal Cordillera and use four new detrital zircon age data to determine their ages and main source areas. These ages are compared with 38 published U–Pb detrital zircon ages and integrated into a series of paleogeographic cross sections which illustrate the Mesozoic evolution along the Southern Central Andes encompassing the forearc, arc, and retroarc regions. Our data show that the arc and forearc regions were active at least since the Middle Jurassic. Evidence for this tectonic activity corresponds to the development of forearc basins in the Middle Jurassic and Early Cretaceous times. New ages along the Chilean slope of the Andes allow suggesting an early beginning for the compressive period during the latest Early Cretaceous. The formation of a geographic barrier, as a consequence of the compressive regime, would explain the differences in the sediments provenance between western and eastern deposits during the latest Late Cretaceous. Finally, the almost complete record of Mesozoic ages in the detrital and volcanic deposits of the western slope of the Southern Central Andes constitutes a counter-argument about the null or waning activity proposed for the Middle Jurassic or Late Cretaceous from U–Pb detrital zircon analysis of the eastern Mesozoic deposits. Conversely, our data indicate a continued activity of the arc-related volcanism and magmatism throughout all the Mesozoic time.Fil: Tapia Silva, Felipe Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Geología; ArgentinaFil: Muñoz, Marcia. Universidad Andrés Bello; ChileFil: Farías, Marcelo. Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas. Departamento de Geología; ChileFil: Charrier, Reynaldo. Universidad Andrés Bello; ChileFil: Astaburuaga, Daniela. Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas. Departamento de Geología; Chil

Late Cretaceous to Oligocene Magmatic Evolution of the Neuquén Basin

Geochemical variations in arc- and within-plate magmatic associations since Late Cretaceous times are analyzed and correlated with the main tectonic changes that influenced the Neuquén Basin evolution. The collision and southward migration of the Farallon-Aluk mid-ocean ridge along the Chilean trench since 80 Ma have played an important role in controlling the Late Cretaceous to Oligocene magmatic evolution of the arc and retroarc zones. The passage of this spreading center through the Chilean trench induced the development of geochemically distinct magmatic associations since Late Cretaceous to Eocene times associated with the extensional reactivation of the Cretaceous fold and thrust belt. Then, by Late Oligocene times, a major plate tectonic reorganization occurred when the Farallon plate broke apart and the resulting Nazca plate started an orthogonal subduction regime beneath the South American plate with higher convergence rates. Then extensional basins and associated magmatism developed at this time destabilizing the Paleogene fold and thrust belt and establishing a more homogeneous tholeiitic signature along the Andean axis.Fil: Iannelli, Sofía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Fennell, Lucas Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Fernández Paz, Lucía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Litvak, Vanesa Dafne. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Encinas, Alfonso. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Folguera Telichevsky, Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; Argentin