De l'utilisation de l'ancre chirurgicale en médecine vétérinaire

Dans un premier temps, l'auteur présente l'ancre chirurgicale, un système de fixation original de prothèse de ligament récemment apparu en médecine vétérinaire. Après un rappel des traitements traditionnels des lésions ligamentaires les plus courantes en orthopédie vétérinaires, il décrit les utilisations possibles de l'ancre dans ces affections. La troisième partie de ce travail est consacrée à une étude de cas cliniques. L'auteur s'intéresse plus précisément au traitement traditionnellement problématique de la rupture du ligament croisé antérieur chez les chiens de grande race, où l'ancre a permis de contourner un certain nombre de difficultés rencontrées dans d'autres techniques et a donné entière satisfaction. La pertinence de l'utilisation de l'ancre chirurgicale est ensuite discutée. L'auteur conclut que ce système de fixation est une alternative très intéressante dans le traitement de certaines ruptures ligamentaires

Sélection génétique sur la réponse au stress et stress à l’abattage: conséquences sur la qualité de la chair chez la truite arc-en-ciel.

A range of flesh quality parameters were investigated in stressed and unstressed rainbow trout, selectively bred for divergent cortisol responses to a standardised stressor

A statistical algorithm for estimating chlorophyll concentration in the New Caledonian lagoon

Spatial and temporal dynamics of phytoplankton biomass and water turbidity can provide crucial information about the function, health and vulnerability of lagoon ecosystems (coral reefs, sea grasses, etc.). A statistical algorithm is proposed to estimate chlorophyll-a concentration ([chl-a]) in optically complex waters of the New Caledonian lagoon from MODIS-derived remote-sensing reflectance (R-rs). The algorithm is developed via supervised learning on match-ups gathered from 2002 to 2010. The best performance is obtained by combining two models, selected according to the ratio of R-rs in spectral bands centered on 488 and 555 nm: a log-linear model for low [chl-a] (AFLC) and a support vector machine (SVM) model or a classic model (OC3) for high [chl-a]. The log-linear model is developed based on SVM regression analysis. This approach outperforms the classical OC3 approach, especially in shallow waters, with a root mean squared error 30% lower. The proposed algorithm enables more accurate assessments of [chl-a] and its variability in this typical oligo- to meso-trophic tropical lagoon, from shallow coastal waters and nearby reefs to deeper waters and in the open ocean

Selection for stress responsiveness and slaughter stress affect flesh quality in pan-size rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

The control of slaughter stress is of importance with regard to both fish welfare and flesh quality. Muscle characteristics and instrumentally measured quality parameters were determined in rainbow trout lines selected for high-responsiveness (HR) or low-responsiveness (LR) of plasma cortisol to an acute confinement stressor. Measurements were made in both unstressed and stressed fish (a 15 min period of confinement before slaughter) from both lines. Compared to LR fish, HR fish were smaller, had a slightly higher condition factor, lower fat-meter-values, and higher carcass yield. No difference between the lines was observed for muscle pH, both at slaughter and at 72h post-mortem (pm). Fillets from HR fish had a lower muscle dry matter content and had higher lightness (L*) value for raw fillet. Fillet redness (a*) was lower for fish from the HR line for both raw fillet at slaughter and 72h pm, and for cooked fillets. Fillet firmness was higher for fish from the HR line for raw fillet, but lower after cooking. Both white and red muscle fibers of HR fish were smaller than those in LR fish and HR fish had a thicker red muscle than LR fish. Imposition of an acute confinement stressor before slaughter induced a differential plasma cortisol response in the HR and LR fish. Pre-slaughter stress also lowered muscle initial pH, lowered red muscle mean diameter, and reduced raw fillet mechanical resistance, but increased cooked fillet firmness and had no effect on fillet color. Almost no interaction between selection line and pre-slaughter stress effects was observed showing that slaughter stress had similar consequences in both lines. Overall, the HR/LR trout model gave new insights in the comprehension of trout flesh quality and showed that the level of plasma cortisol response did not affect the impact of slaughter stress on fillet quality

Planning for Bone Excision in Ewing Sarcoma: Post-Chemotherapy MRI More Accurate Than Pre-Chemotherapy MRI Assessment

International audienceBACKGROUND: In determining the level of bone resection in Ewing sarcoma, the most suitable time at which to perform magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains controversial. Current guidelines recommend that surgical planning be based on MRI performed prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The goal of this study was to determine whether pre-chemotherapy or post-chemotherapy MRI provides greater accuracy of tumor limits for planning bone excision in the management of Ewing sarcoma.METHODS: This was a single-center, retrospective study. MRI was performed using 3 sequences: T1-weighted, T1-weighted with contrast enhancement by gadolinium injection, and a fluid-sensitive sequence (STIR [short tau inversion recovery] or proton-density-weighted with fat saturation). The tumor extent as assessed on pre-chemotherapy and post-chemotherapy MRI was compared with histological measurement of the resected specimen.RESULTS: Twenty patients with Ewing sarcoma of a long bone were included. In 6 cases, the tumor was located on the femur, in 5, the tibia; in 5, the fibula; and in 4, the humerus. The median patient age at diagnosis was 9.7 years. We found greater accuracy of measurements from MRI scans acquired after chemotherapy than from those acquired before chemotherapy. For both pre-chemotherapy and post-chemotherapy MRI, the greatest accuracy was achieved with the nonenhanced T1 sequence. There was no benefit to gadolinium enhancement. The median difference between T1 MRI and histological measurements was 19.0 mm (interquartile range [IQR], 4.3 to 32.8 mm) before chemotherapy and 5.0 mm (IQR, 2.0 to 13.0 mm) after chemotherapy. Adding a minimum margin of 20 mm to the limit of the tumor on post-chemotherapy T1 MRI always led to safe histological margin.CONCLUSIONS: Post-chemotherapy MRI provided a more accurate assessment of the limits of Ewing sarcoma. Surgical planning can therefore be based on post-chemotherapy MRI. Surgical cuts can be, at minimum, 20 mm from the limits as seen on MRI

Spin transport properties of spinel vanadate-based heterostructures

Spin-orbit coupling and breaking of inversion symmetry are necessary ingredients to enable a pure spin current-based manipulation of the magnetization via the spin-orbit torque effect. Currently, magnetic insulator oxides with non-dissipative characteristics are being explored. When combined with non-magnetic heavy metals, known for their large spin-orbit coupling, they offer promising potential for energy-efficient spin-orbitronics applications. The intrinsic electronic correlations characterizing those strongly correlated oxides hold the promises to add extra control-knobs to the desired efficient spin-wave propagation and abrupt magnetization switching phenomena. Spinel vanadate FeV2O4 (FVO) exhibits several structural phase transitions which are accompanied by an intricate interplay of magnetic, charge and orbital orderings. When grown as a thin film onto SrTiO3, the compressive strain state induces a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, making FVO-based heterostructures desirable for spin-orbitronics applications. In this study, we have optimised the deposition of stoichiometric and epitaxial Pt/FVO heterostructures by Pulsed Laser Deposition and examined their spin-related phenomena. From angle-dependent magnetotransport measurements, we observed both Anisotropic Magnetoresistance (AMR) and Spin Hall Magnetoresistance (SMR) effects. Our findings show the SMR component as the primary contributor to the overall magnetoresistance, whose high value of 0.12% is only comparable to properly optimized oxide-based systems

Dynamic Three-Dimensional Shoulder Mri during Active Motion for Investigation of Rotator Cuff Diseases.

BACKGROUND: MRI is the standard methodology in diagnosis of rotator cuff diseases. However, many patients continue to have pain despite treatment, and MRI of a static unloaded shoulder seems insufficient for best diagnosis and treatment. This study evaluated if Dynamic MRI provides novel kinematic data that can be used to improve the understanding, diagnosis and best treatment of rotator cuff diseases. METHODS: Dynamic MRI provided real-time 3D image series and was used to measure changes in the width of subacromial space, superior-inferior translation and anterior-posterior translation of the humeral head relative to the glenoid during active abduction. These measures were investigated for consistency with the rotator cuff diseases classifications from standard MRI. RESULTS: The study included: 4 shoulders with massive rotator cuff tears, 5 shoulders with an isolated full-thickness supraspinatus tear, 5 shoulders with tendinopathy and 6 normal shoulders. A change in the width of subacromial space greater than 4mm differentiated between rotator cuff diseases with tendon tears (massive cuff tears and supraspinatus tear) and without tears (tendinopathy) (p = 0.012). The range of the superior-inferior translation was higher in the massive cuff tears group (6.4mm) than in normals (3.4mm) (p = 0.02). The range of the anterior-posterior translation was higher in the massive cuff tears (9.2 mm) and supraspinatus tear (9.3 mm) shoulders compared to normals (3.5mm) and tendinopathy (4.8mm) shoulders (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: The Dynamic MRI enabled a novel measure; 'Looseness', i.e. the translation of the humeral head on the glenoid during an abduction cycle. Looseness was better able at differentiating different forms of rotator cuff disease than a simple static measure of relative glenohumeral position.The authors received no specific funding for this work

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Guerre et conscience de classe socio-spatiale

War and socio-spatial class'consciousness. Wars oppose socio-spatial classes, according to the various steps of spatial scale. This paper scrutinizes intricate relations between war and socio-spatial class' consciousness, i.e. its part into wars' starting, and if war strengthen or weakens it. War reveals socio-spatial solidarities, which are the most intensely felt, but also reveals fragility of some socio-spatial classes, which burst in case of civil wars.Les guerres opposent toujours des classes socio-spatiales, aux différents degrés de l'échelle. L'article examine les rapports complexes entre la guerre et la conscience de classe socio-spatiale, c'est-à-dire le rôle de cette dernière dans le déclenchement et le déroulement des guerres, la façon dont la guerre la renforce ou l'affaiblit. La guerre révèle les solidarités socio-spatiales les plus intensément vécues, mais elle fait également apparaître la fragilité de certaines classes socio-spatiales, qui éclatent dans le cas des guerres civiles.Lefevre Jérôme. Guerre et conscience de classe socio-spatiale. In: Travaux de l'Institut Géographique de Reims, n°75-76, 1988. Analyse régionale. Application du modèle Centre et Périphérie, sous la direction de Alain Reynaud. pp. 77-117