O Estado Moderno

El autor trata de profundizar en este artículo en la articulación entre lo político, lo social y lo económico. Se plantea el análisis del Estado Moderno, que aparece tras una ruptura política con el Estado-Nación, cuando el Estado toma a su cargo el crecimiento económico. El Estado Moderno no es solamente un patrón de empresa, sino que además y al mismo tiempo produce un espacio construido por él. El Estado Moderno se generaliza alrededor de 1960 aproximadamente, y a partir de esta época es claramente insuficiente hablar sólo de intervención económica del Estado. En esta misma época el Estado se mundializa. Este período nuevo fue preparado y anunciado por la planificación autoritaria en la Unión Soviética. El “modo de producción estatal” se ve amenazado por el Mercado Mundial, las Transferencias de Capitales y las Compañías Supranacionales, que tienden a reducir cada Estado a un espacio controlado, entre las estrategias y las luchas a escala internacional.In this article the author aims at examining the articulation among the political, the social and the economic fields. The analysis of the Modern State is set out at the moment when the political rupture with the State-nation takes place and the State takes upon its tasks the economic growth. The Modern State is no longer a boss, but it also constructs a space of its own. When the Modern State is made widespread by 1960, talking exclusively about the economic intervention of the State becomes altogether insufficient. At the same time the State becomes global. This new period took shape and was announced by the authoritarian planning of the Soviet Union. The “state mode of production” is threatened by the World Market, Capital Transfers and Supranational Corporations, which tend to constrain each State to a controlled space, among the strategies and struggles at international levels.O autor visa a aprofundar neste artigo na articulação entre o político, o social e o econômico. Introduz-se a análise do Estado Moderno, que aparece após uma ruptura política com o Estado-nação, quando o Estado assume o crescimento. O Estado Moderno não é somente um patrão de empresa, produzindo, além disso, e ao mesmo tempo, um espaço construído por ele. O Estado moderno generaliza-se aproximadamente ao redor de 1960 e, a partir dessa época, passa a ser insuficiente falar somente de intervenção econômica do Estado. Nessa mesma época, o Estado se mundializa. Neste novo período foi preparado e anunciado pela planificação autoritária na União Soviética. O “modo de produção estatal” vê-se ameaçado pelo Mercado Mundial, as Transferências de Capitais e as Companhias Supranacionais, que tendem a reduzir cada Estado a um espaço controlado entre as estratégias e as lutas a escala internacional

Between Big City and Authentic Village: Branding the Small Chinese City

While recent academic research has already produced an impressive corpus on big cities such as Shanghai and Beijing, the small Chinese city has been mostly ignored. In this article, I suggest that consideration of the small city can bring a new perspective on the wider urban fabric of which it is an element. Although small city governments have embraced urban entrepreneurialism with the same enthusiasm as China’s big cities, different configurations of space, branding and the everyday have nevertheless resulted. My case study of Kaili in Guizhou province indicates that the small city exists in a complex relationship with the big city and the village; it is pulled towards large-scale urbanization while simultaneously attempting to construct a unique city image based upon the evocation of rural cultural practices. The perspective from the small city thus suggests the need to consider the rural-urban divide – long a dominant geographical imagination of China – alongside other geographies, including a triad of the small city, the village and the big city

Relinquishing and Governing the Volatile: The Many Afghanistans and Critical Research Agendas of NATO's Governance

This article invites academics and policy analysts to examine the mechanisms and legacy of NATO's security and development governance of Afghan social spaces by using critical theory concepts. It argues that such scholarly endeavors are growing in importance as the United States and NATO gradually pull their troops out of Afghanistan. Thus, the article suggests a broad twofold research agenda. First, it points out that researching social spaces such as towns, villages, marketplaces, and neighborhoods beyond the realm of intergovernmental politics can lead to thick descriptions of how such places have been governed from within by agents external to them. Second, the study argues for a multifaceted examination of instruments, strategies, and institutions of security governance, its conduct and social effects by deploying critical and Foucauldian concepts such as the rationality and apparatuses of power relations. Thereby, it proposes an inquiry into Provincial Reconstruction Teams and Afghan National Security Forces as spatially and temporally specific apparatuses of surveillance and security

Understanding young people's transitions in university halls through space and time

This article contributes to the theoretical discussion about young people's transitions through space and time. Space and time are complex overarching concepts that have creative potential in deepening understanding of transition. The focus of this research is young people's experiences of communal living in university halls. It is argued that particular space-time concepts draw attention to different facets of experience and in combination deepen the understanding of young people's individual and collective transitions. The focus of the article is the uses of the space-time concepts 'routine', 'representation', 'rhythm' and 'ritual' to research young people's experiences. The article draws on research findings from two studies in the North of England. © 2010 SAGE Publications

Adjustable Robust Optimization with Discrete Uncertainty

In this paper, we study adjustable robust optimization (ARO) problems with discrete uncertainty. Under a very general modeling framework, we show that such two- stage robust problems can be exactly reformulated as ARO problems with objective uncertainty only. This reformulation is valid with and without the fixed recourse assumption and is not limited to continuous wait-and-see decision variables unlike most of the existing literature. Additionally, we extend an enumerative algorithm akin to a branch-and-cut scheme for which we study the asymptotic convergence. We discuss how to apply the reformulation on two variants of well-known optimization problems, a facility location problem in which uncertainty may affect the capacity values and a multiple knapsack problem with uncertain weights, and we report extensive computational results demonstrating the effectiveness of the approach

¿Marx ha muerto?

De lo que Marx había previsto, anunciado y profetizado en sus obras, nada se realiza. La revolución total se distingue de las revoluciones políticas por la promoción o ascensión de lo social contra lo político y económico. En el artículo se hacen comparaciones y diferencias entre las tesis de Marx y Hegel

The Right to the City

Artykuł stanowi propozycję nowego myślenia o mieście, miejskości, miejskiej strategii oraz praktykach społecznych powiązanych z istniejącą jedynie w zarysie, lecz projektowaną przez samego Lefebvre’a analityczną nauką o mieście. Zwrotten staje się koniecznością z uwagi na śmierć dawnego miasta oraz starego humanizmu. Prezentowany tekst to również żarliwy i utopijny (w pozytywnym tego słowa znaczeniu) manifest na rzecz demokratyzacji prawa do miasta łączącego w sobie płacz i żądania pozbawionych go do tej pory ludzi. Autor argumentuje, że strategia miejska oparta na nowej nauce o mieście potrzebuje społecznego wsparcia i sił politycznych. Zapewnić je może klasa robotnicza, kładąc kres miejskiej segregacji.The article provides a new proposition of thinking about such categoriesas a city, the urban, urban strategy and social practices connected with analyticalscience of the city, which is only at the outline stage, but also projected by Lefebvrehimself. This turn seems necessary due to the death of traditional city and oldhumanism. The article is also a passionate and utopian (in positive sense of term)manifesto for democratization of right to the city consisting of cry and demand ofthe dispossessed from such a prerogative. The author argues that an urban strategybased on a new science of the city needs social support and political force. They willbe provided by the working class, putting an end to the urban segregation

The Production of Space

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