US Intervention in Russia 1918-1920: the Forgotten Mutiny

After Russia withdrew from WWI, the Allied nations worried about Germany relocating its eastern front forces to the western front. Britain and France both urged the United States to militarily intervene in Russia to reopen the eastern front. Although President Wilson initially ignored this proposition of the Allied nations, he reconsidered in 1918 and ordered troops to Russia. Many scholars have examined the US intervention in Russia and debated why Wilson decided to use American troops in Russia. The preoccupation among historians as to why these troops were sent to Russia has caused them to overlook the underlying reasons the intervention failed. Sparked by the alleged 1919 mutiny in North Russia, Wilson was forced to consider withdrawing troops from Russia, which eventually occurred in 1920. With the withdrawal of U.S troops, the intervention in North Russia proved to be unsuccessful because Wilson gave British commanders control over U.S. troops, he refused to send reinforcements to north Russia, and he refused to define the ultimate goal of the expeditionary force, which ultimately crippled American troop morale

Motivations for Lifelong Learning in the Life of Mrs. Hendrika Schuster.

As we enter the 21st century our population of elderly citizens is growing at a rate never seen before in our history. With the baby boomers retiring, society is realizing the vast potential of untapped resources. These individuals are also seeking opportunities to remain as active and engaged members of their communities. The purpose of this study was to examine the motivations for lifelong learning in the life of Hendrika Henny Schuster, an 81-year-old resident of Abingdon, Virginia. Her life story is presented in a narrative form and in a thematically organized chronological format. Interviews were conducted and recorded. These tapes were transcribed and analyzed to determine themes. Additional information was collected from personal journals, scrapbooks, and newspaper and magazine articles and photographs. The importance of family, formal educational opportunities, the influence of others, selfdirected study, and involvement in community all emerged as motivating themes in her pursuit of lifelong learning opportunities. For Henny, the factors identified as barriers to her quest included the internal stressors of family, gender, culture, and educational opportunities. Recommendations include the need to not only provide more educational opportunities for adult learners but also ensure that such opportunities are readily accessible. It is suggested that future studies look at the roles of gender and culture in regard to the ever changing populace and the global view of our world. There is a need to continue studies such as this in which older adult learners are provided opportunities to reflect on their experiences. Insight for learners of all ages can be gained from such studies

Reducing Hospital Acquired Pressure Injuries Through a Standardized Prevention Bundle

Abstract PROBLEM: Currently healthcare acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs) in the United States result in significant and unnecessary costs along with lost revenue for healthcare facilities. These costs are estimated to be between 9.1 and 11.6 billion dollars annually. Pressure Injuries (PIs) are directly associated with decreases in patient outcomes and are deemed preventable incidents. HAPI prevention can mitigate this clinical and financial problem for patients and organizations. CONTEXT: Unnecessary patient harm related to four HAPI occurrences in the last quarter on the 2B Medical Surgical Telemetry Unit in an integrated managed care delivery system continue to be of concern. Adherence to current PI prevention methods is not adequate, and is demonstrated in electronic health record (EHR) audits. The improvement project described in this paper will address knowledge gaps regarding PI interventions, and establish a standardized HAPI prevention bundle. INTERVENTIONS: The project intervention involves implementation of a standardized skin safety bundle on an attachable laminated checklist to increase adherence to best practice guidelines associated with HAPI reduction and documentation. MEASURES: An outcome measure, three process measures, and one balancing measure were addressed in this project. The integrated managed care delivery system regional benchmark for HAPI’s is zero. The aim of this project is to reduce HAPIs down to one occurrence within a quarter and optimistically maintain the metric of zero in the future. RESULTS: Unfortunately, due to competing priorities related to the Coronavirus Pandemic this improvement project was only allocated time for a two week pilot study. During the pilot of the standardized skin safety bundle zero HAPIs were reported. CONCLUSION: A standardized HAPI prevention bundle checklist reduces HAPI incidents and preventable patient harm. Additional tests of change and improvement research for large REDUCING HOSPITAL ACQUIRED PRESSURE INJURIES 4 scale implementation and spread of the recommended skin safety bundle along with related documentation is encouraged. Keywords: HAPI, prevention, bundle, harm, cost, documentatio

Early Photography in East Texas: An Exhibition

The Stone Fort Museum is a steward for much of the historical and cultural character of East Texas. A new exhibition, such as the “Early Photography in East Texas” project is in part representative of these same social values. The exhibition serves to look at East Texas specifically as a microcosm of the social ramifications of the introduction of photography. The museum presents this project as a commentary and celebration of the culture of the region while being objective enough to discuss both the high points and the low points. The thesis project itself displays the best and most current museum practices in action

Coronavirus Misinformation on Reddit

Social media networks play a large part of our daily lives. With millions of posts and comments being processed per day, it is only natural that some of these posts present false information that could potentially harm more naïve people. Reddit, in particular, has seen a major rise in such posts and comments in past years. This paper gives an insight into how to best categorize Reddit comments as misinformation or not and determine the user’s sentiments regarding the post using sentiment analysis. Finally, the findings will be presented in a meaningful and easily accessible way in the form of an online dashboard

The Cosmological Bootstrap: Spinning Correlators from Symmetries and Factorization

We extend the cosmological bootstrap to correlators involving massless particles with spin. In de Sitter space, these correlators are constrained both by symmetries and by locality. In particular, the de Sitter isometries become conformal symmetries on the future boundary of the spacetime, which are reflected in a set of Ward identities that the boundary correlators must satisfy. We solve these Ward identities by acting with weight-shifting operators on scalar seed solutions. Using this weight-shifting approach, we derive three- and four-point correlators of massless spin-1 and spin-2 fields with conformally coupled scalars. Four-point functions arising from tree-level exchange are singular in particular kinematic configurations, and the coefficients of these singularities satisfy certain factorization properties. We show that in many cases these factorization limits fix the structure of the correlators uniquely, without having to solve the conformal Ward identities. The additional constraint of locality for massless spinning particles manifests itself as current conservation on the boundary. We find that the four-point functions only satisfy current conservation if the s, t, and u-channels are related to each other, leading to nontrivial constraints on the couplings between the conserved currents and other operators in the theory. For spin-1 currents this implies charge conservation, while for spin-2 currents we recover the equivalence principle from a purely boundary perspective. For multiple spin-1 fields, we recover the structure of Yang-Mills theory. Finally, we apply our methods to slow-roll inflation and derive a few phenomenologically relevant scalar-tensor three-point functions.Comment: 128 pages, 15 figures; V3: minor corrections and references adde

Highly prevalent but not always persistent: undergraduate and graduate student's misconceptions about psychology.

Although past research has documented the prevalence of misconceptions in introductory psychology classes, few studies have assessed how readily upper-level undergraduate and graduate students endorse erroneous beliefs about the discipline. In Study 1, we administered a 30-item misconception test to an international sample of 670 undergraduate, Master’s and doctoral students. Analyses indicated that participants identified and rejected the majority of misconceptions, with doctoral students performing better than their Master’s or undergraduate peers. In Study 2, we administered a revised version of our questionnaire to a novel sample of 557 students while controlling for number of years spent at university, psychology courses completed and need for cognition. Once again, we found that graduate students rejected more, affirmed less and reported lower levels of uncertainty than their undergraduate counterparts. Educational implications and future research directions are discussed

The impact of gestation sow housing system (individual vs. group) on the reproductive performance of sows & the effect of farrowing pen size on pre-weaning mortality

Section 1: The effect of gestation sow housing system on sow performance was evaluated in a study carried out on a commercial breed-to-wean facility. A Randomized Complete Block Design was used to compare 2 treatments, Individual and Group (8 females/pen) housing. The experimental unit was individual animal and a replicate was 16 females (1 group of 8 and 8 individually-housed). A total of 1325 females were allotted to treatment to produce 1695 individual records. Data was recorded for parity 0 and parity 1 females from allotment into gestation housing treatment (approximately day 35 of gestation) until assigned back into the respective housing treatment. Sow litter performance, reproductive traits, body weight and body condition score did not differ (P > 0.05) between Gestation Housing treatments. However, females housed in groups had a lower (P < 0.05) farrowing rate (3.9 percentage units), and a higher (P < 0.05) piglet pre-weaning mortality (1.2 percentage units) and sow removal rate (5.7 percentage units) than those housed in individual stalls. This study will follow females through the 5th parity and the additional data will help understand the effect of housing treatment over time on litter performance, reproductive traits, BCS, and body weight variables. Section 2: The effect of farrowing pen size (in pens with farrowing crates) on pre-weaning mortality was evaluated in a study carried out on a commercial breed-to-wean facility. This study used animals that were part of the gestation sow housing study (Section 1 above). A Randomized Complete Block Design was used to compare 2 treatments, Standard (pen width = 1.52 m) and Increased (pen width = 1.68 m) pen size. The experimental unit was individual sow and litter and replicate was equal to 2 sows with litter. A total of 526 bred females were allotted to treatment. Data were recorded on litter performance variables. The Increased pen size treatment had a greater (P 0.05) between the two treatments which suggests that there was no benefit for the increased farrowing pen size. The study was carried out with relatively young (mainly parity 0 and 1) and relatively small animals and the study is on-going to collect data on older and bigger animals to evaluate the effect of farrowing pen size on pre-weaning mortality over time