Qualidade tecnológica e utilização de tubérculos de batata

Atualmente tem ocorrido crescente preocupação com o fator qualidade da batata e a forma correta de utilização para o consumo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a qualidade tecnológica dos tubérculos de cultivares de batata, visando identificar a melhor forma de utilização e consumo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com 18 tratamentos, representados pelos cultivares Agata, Apuã (IAC-5977), Aracy (IAC-2), IAC Aracy Ruiva, Asterix, Bintje, Dali, Clone IAC-6090, Itararé (IAC-5986), Laguna, Remarka, Liseta, Mondial, Novita, Oscar, Picasso, Santana e Solide, com quatro repetições. O peso específico apresentou correlação positiva com o teor de amido, textura, pH de polpa e sólidos solúveis e negativa com os teores de açúcares redutores. As características tecnológicas representadas pelo peso específico, teor de matéria seca, textura, teor de amido, açúcares redutores, pH da polpa, acidez titulável e teor de sólidos solúveis são influenciadas pelo genótipo ou cultivar. Destacaram-se, com melhores características para fritura, purê e assada os cultivares Oscar, Itararé, IAC Aracy Ruiva, Clone IAC-6090, Aracy, Solide, Asterix, Santana e Laguna. São apropriados para o cozimento e especificamente para salada os cultivares Mondial, Picasso, Novita, Dali e Agata. Já os cultivares Apuã, Remarka, Bintje e Liseta são adequados para purê e assadas.Increasing concerns have been verified with regard to the quality factor of potato tubers and their correct form of use and consumption. The purpose of this research was to determine the technological quality of potato tuber cultivars and identify the best forms of use and consumption. A completely randomized experimental design was adopted with 18 treatments represented by cultivars Agata, Apuã (IAC-5977), Aracy (IAC-2), IAC Aracy Ruiva, Asterix, Bintje, Dali, Clone IAC-6090, Itararé (IAC-5986), Laguna, Remarka, Liseta, Mondial, Novita, Oscar, Picasso, Santana, and Solide, with four replications. Specific gravity showed a positive correlation with starch content, texture, pulp pH, and soluble solids, and was negatively correlated with reducing sugars. The technological characteristics represented by specific gravity, dry matter content, texture, starch content, reducing sugars, pulp pH, titrable acidity, and soluble solids are influenced by genotype or cultivar. Cultivars Oscar, Itararé, IAC Aracy Ruiva, Clone IAC-6090, Aracy, Solide, Asterix, Santana, and Laguna were outstanding with best characteristics for frying, mashing and roasting. Mondial, Picasso, Novita, Dali, and Agata are appropriate for boiling, and more specifically for salads. In turn, potato cultivars Apuã, Remarka, Bintje, and Liseta are suitable for mashing and for roasting

Effects of desiccation with glyphosate on two common bean cultivars: Physiology and cooking quality of the harvested product

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of glyphosate when used on two bean cultivars for the desiccation of weeds during the pre-harvest period and the consequences on the physiologic characteristics and cooking quality of the harvested product. Treatments consisted of four doses of glyphosate used as a desiccant: 180, 360, 720, and 1,080 g a.i. ha-1, ammonium gluphosinate at 360 g a.i. ha-1, as well as a control without application of desiccant, applied to two bean cultivars (Pérola and IPR Juriti). For each of the cultivars, the experimental design was a completely randomized design with five replicates. The desiccants were applied during phenological stage R9 of the crop (maturation), which occurred 74 days after sowing (DAS). The harvest was performed 13 days after application (87 DAS). The treatments did not affect productivity, 100-bean weight, electric conductivity, accelerated aging, cooking time, or bean hydration. However, higher glyphosate doses negatively affected first count value, index of emergence speed, and seedling dry mass. The use of the herbicide glyphosate up to a rate of 1,080 g a.e. ha-1 as a desiccant against weeds in the pre-harvest period is possible for the bean market. However, if the harvested product is destined for the planting of a new crop, caution should be observed with the use of this herbicide

CRECIMIENTO VEGETATIVO, PRODUCTIVIDAD Y CALIDAD POSTERIOR A LA COSECHA DE CULTIVARES BAJOS DE CAFÉ EN UNA REGIÓN DE BAJA ALTITUD

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico e a qualidade pós colheita de 12 cultivares de cafeeiro arábica de porte baixo em região de baixa altitude. O experimento foi conduzido entre os anos de 2008 e 2010, em Jaboticabal, SP, região de altitude média de 575 m. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 12 tratamentos e 4 repetições. As 12 cultivares de café foram: Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 74, Catucaí Amarelo 2 SL, Acauã P 363, Sabiá Tardio, Obatã IAC 1669-20, Tupi IAC 1669-33, Tupi RN, IAC 1669-13, Paraíso MG H419-1 e Rubi MG 1192. Foram analisados os parâmetros de crescimento vegetativo e produtividade durante a fase de formação da lavoura, primeira colheita e avaliações pós-colheita. As cultivares apresentam diferenças no seu crescimento inicial, com as variáveis de crescimento se correlacionando diretamente com a produtividade do cafeeiro, destacando-se a variável diâmetro de copa. As cultivares Sabiá Tardio e Obatã podem ser recomendadas para o cultivo em regiões de baixa altitude, apresentando produtividade acima de 40 sacas por hectare. Além de produtividade satisfatória, a cultivar Catuaí Amarelo IAC62 apresenta as melhores características dos grãos para a obtenção de qualidade de bebida superior, podendo ser recomendada para regiões de baixa altitude.The aim was to evaluate the agronomic performance and postharvest quality of 12 dwarf arabica coffee cultivars in a low altitude region. The experiment was conducted between 2008 and 2010, in Jaboticabal, SP, a region with an average altitude of 550 m. The design used was completely randomized, with 12 treatments and 4 repetitions. The 12 dwarf coffee cultivars were: Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 74, Catucaí Amarelo 2 SL, Acauã P 363, Sabiá Tardio, Obatã IAC 1669-20, Tupi IAC 1669-33, Tupi RN, IAC 1669-13, Paraíso MG H419-1 and Rubi MG 1192. Vegetative growth and yield parameters were analyzed during the crop formation phase, first harvest and post-harvest evaluations. The cultivars show differences in their initial growth, with the growth variables directly correlating with the yield of the coffee, especially the crown diameter variable. The cultivars Sabiá Tardio and Obatã can be recommended for cultivation in low altitude regions, with yield above 40 bags per hectare. In addition to satisfactory yield, the cultivar Catuaí Amarelo IAC62 has the best grain characteristics for obtaining superior drink quality, and can be recommended for low altitude regions.El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el rendimiento agronómico y la calidad poscosecha de 12 bajos cultivares de café arábica en una región de baja altitud. El experimento se realizó entre 2008 y 2010, en Jaboticabal, SP, una región con una altitud promedio de 550 m. El diseño utilizado fue completamente al azar, con 12 tratamientos y 4 repeticiones. Los 12 cultivares de café fueron: Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 74, Catucaí Amarelo 2 SL, Acauã P 363, Sabiá Tardio, Obatã IAC 1669-20, Tupi IAC 1669-33, Tupi RN, IAC 1669-13, Paraíso MG H419-1 y Rubi MG 1192. Se analizaron los parámetros de crecimiento vegetativo y productividad durante la fase de formación del cultivo, la primera cosecha y las evaluaciones posteriores a la cosecha. Los cultivares muestran diferencias en su crecimiento inicial, con las variables de crecimiento directamente correlacionadas con la productividad del cafeto, especialmente la variable de diámetro del dosel. Los cultivares Sabiá Tardio y Obatã pueden recomendarse para el cultivo en regiones de baja altitud, con una productividad superior a 40 sacos por hectárea. Además de una productividad satisfactoria, el cultivar Catuaí Amarelo IAC62 presenta las mejores características de los granos para obtener una calidad de bebida superior, que puede recomendarse para regiones de baja altitud

Portable chlorophyll meter in monitoring and management of nitrogen in common bean cultivars

More sustainable practices involving biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and the use of portable chlorophyll meter in fertilization management are promising to increase nitrogen (N) use efficiency in the common bean crop. This study aimed to monitor N managements using a portable chlorophyll meter and its effects on agronomic attributes of Carioca-type common bean cultivars with indeterminate and determinate growth habits (‘IPR Campos Gerais’ and ‘IAC Imperador’). The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design (RBD), in a 2 × 9 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The first factor consisted of the cultivars and the second factor of the N management. The data were subjected to analysis of variance by F test and, when necessary, the means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability level. The use of portable chlorophyll meter is a viable alternative for N monitoring and management in common bean, allowing the reduction of top-dressing N application, regardless of the cultivar used. Highlights The use of portable chlorophyll meter is a viable alternative for nitrogen monitoring and management in common bean. Management with chlorophyll meter reduced the need for chemical fertilizer application, saving 105 kg ha-1 of urea. Further studies are needed to better understand this technology under conditions with different genotypes, soils and production systems.More sustainable practices involving biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and the use of portable chlorophyll meter in fertilization management are promising to increase nitrogen (N) use efficiency in the common bean crop. This study aimed to monitor N managements using a portable chlorophyll meter and its effects on agronomic attributes of Carioca-type common bean cultivars with indeterminate and determinate growth habits (‘IPR Campos Gerais’ and ‘IAC Imperador’). The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design (RBD), in a 2 × 9 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The first factor consisted of the cultivars and the second factor of the N management. The data were subjected to analysis of variance by F test and, when necessary, the means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability level. The use of portable chlorophyll meter is a viable alternative for N monitoring and management in common bean, allowing the reduction of top-dressing N application, regardless of the cultivar used. Highlights The use of portable chlorophyll meter is a viable alternative for nitrogen monitoring and management in common bean. Management with chlorophyll meter reduced the need for chemical fertilizer application, saving 105 kg ha-1 of urea. Further studies are needed to better understand this technology under conditions with different genotypes, soils and production systems

Características agronômicas e tecnológicas dos grãos de cultivares de feijão do grupo comercial preto na safra de inverno

Beans are one of the foods more produced in all nationwide, with intense search for productive cultivars, adapted to local cultivation and with good culinary characteristics. The aim of this work was to evaluate the cultivars performance of the black commercial group bean, with regard to agronomic and technological characteristics in the winter season in Jaboticabal, SP. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design with three replications, and the used of the cultivars: IAC Una, Diamante Negro, Ônix, BRS Campeiro, BRS Grafite, BRS Supremo, BRS Valente, IPR Graúna, IPR 88 Uirapuru and FT Nobre. Among the yielding components, there were significant differences just the mass per 100 grains. Stood out in the yield the BRS Campeiro, Diamante Negro and IAC Una with values of 3,971, 3,755 and 3,667 kg ha-1, respectively. The IPR Graúna showed lowest cooking time, 20 minutes, positioning themselves as medium susceptibility cooking time. The cultivars showed satisfactory performance in the relation of hydration, obtaining values above 2.0 and a maximum grains hydration time, ranging between 9 hours 15 minutes and 10 hours 58 minutes.O feijão é um dos alimentos mais produzidos em todo o território nacional, sendo intensa a busca por cultivares produtivas, adaptadas ao local de cultivo e com boas características culinárias. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de cultivares de feijão do grupo comercial preto, quanto às características agronômicas e tecnológicas na safra de inverno em Jaboticabal, SP. O experimento foi instalado usando delineamento de blocos casualizados com três repetições, sendo os tratamentos as cultivares: IAC Una, Diamante Negro, Ônix, BRS Campeiro, BRS Grafi te, BRS Supremo, BRS Valente, IPR Graúna, IPR 88 Uirapuru e FT Nobre. Dentre os componentes da produção, houve diferenças significativas somente para a massa de 100 grãos. Destacaram-se, quanto à produtividade de grãos, as cultivares BRS Campeiro, Diamante Negro e IAC Una com valores de 3.971, 3.755 e 3.667 kg ha-1, respectivamente. A cultivar IPR Graúna apresentou o menor tempo para o cozimento, 20 minutos, enquadrando-se como suscetibilidade média a cocção. As cultivares apresentaram desempenho satisfatório quanto a relação de hidratação, obtendo valores acima de 2,0 e tempo para a máxima hidratação dos grãos, variando entre 9h15min e 10h58min

Produtividade e característica tecnológica de grãos em feijoeiro adubado com nitrogênio e molibdênio

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and molybdenum fertilization on the yield and technological characteristics of common bean. The experiment was carried out in a randomized blocks design, in a factorial outline of 4x2, constituted by nitrogen side-dressing levels (0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1), with or without molybdenum leaf application (0 and 80 kg ha-1), with four replications. The Pérola cultivar was sowed in growing season, in no-tillage system. The nitrogen side-dressing and molybdenum application do not affect common bean yield, but influence the technological characteristic of the grains. The protein content, the coocking time, and time for maximum hydration increase with nitrogen side-dressing levels increment. The cocking time is high for nitrogen side-dressing with molybdenum use. The use of molybdenum promotes the maximum grain hydration in the minimum time.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da adubação com nitrogênio e molibdênio, na produtividade e nas características tecnológicas dos grãos de feijão. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4x2, constituído por doses de nitrogênio em cobertura (0, 30, 60 e 120 kg ha-1), aliado à aplicação ou não de molibdênio por via foliar (0 e 80 g ha-1), com quatro repetições. A semeadura do feijão, cultivar Pérola, foi realizada em condições de sequeiro e no sistema de plantio direto. A adubação nitrogenada em cobertura e a molíbdica via foliar não influenciam a produtividade, mas interferem na característica tecnológica dos grãos de feijão. O teor de proteína bruta, o tempo de cozimento e o tempo para a máxima hidratação dos grãos aumentam com as doses de nitrogênio em cobertura. O tempo de cozimento é maior, à medida que há incremento de nitrogênio aplicado em cobertura, com uso de molibdênio via foliar. O uso de molibdênio via foliar proporciona o menor tempo para a máxima hidratação de grãos

What are the impacts of the common bean production system on production and quality attributes of the grains?

The cultivar choice can promote significant impacts on yield and grain quality of common bean within a production system. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of common bean cultivars from the Carioca commercial group on grain yield and quality in a production system, as well as to verify the correlation between the variables. The experiment was carried out in Southeastern Brazil in the winter/spring season. A randomized block design with four replications was used. The treatments consisted of 13 common bean cultivars (Pérola, BRSMG Majestoso, BRS Estilo, BRSMG Madrepérola, IPR Campos Gerais, IPR Tangará, IPR Andorinha, IPR 139, IAC Imperador, IAC Formoso, IAC Alvorada, IAC Milênio and TAA Bola Cheia). The cultivar factor promoted differences of up to 34% in yield, 20% in sieve yield greater than or equal to 12 (SY≥12), 16% in grain protein content and 47% in cooking time. Among the cultivars, BRSMG Majestoso had the highest grain yield (3805 kg ha-1). All cultivars provided SY≥12 above 70%, highlighting IPR Andorinha (93%). The cultivar BRSMG Madrepérola stood out for its grains with clear tegument. Grain yield increases as the number of pods per plant and grains per pod increase, negatively correlated with crude protein content and cooking time. These results demonstrate the importance of choosing the correct cultivar in a production system, helping to increase yield and profit for farmers.The choice of a cultivar can significantly affect grain yield and quality of common bean crops in production systems. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of common bean cultivars of the carioca commercial group on grain yield and quality in a production system, and assess the correlation between their variables. The experiment was carried out in the Southeast region of Brazil, in the winter-spring crop season. A randomized block design was used, with 13 treatments and four replications per treatment. The treatments were consisted of common bean cultivars (Pérola, BRSMG-Majestoso, BRS-Estilo, BRSMG-Madrepérola, IPR-Campos Gerais, IPR-Tangará, IPR-Andorinha, IPR-139, IAC-Imperador, IAC-Formoso, IAC-Alvorada, IAC-Milênio, and TAA-Bola Cheia). The choice of a cultivar affects production and quality attributes of common bean in production systems, as it can result in increases of up to 34% in grain yield, 20% in grain yield in sieves equal to or higher than 12 (GYS≥12), 16% in grain protein contents, and 47% in cooking time. The cultivar BRSMG-Majestoso presented the highest grain yield (3,805 kg ha-1), and IPR-Andorinha and BRSMG-Madrepérola stood out with GYS≥12 of 93% and grains with clear integument, respectively. Grain yield increases as the number of pods per plant and grains per pod increase, presenting a negative correlation with crude protein contents and cooking time

Common bean genotypes behavior to gold mosaic virus

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a suscetibilidade de diversos genótipos de feijão ao vírus-do-mosaico-dourado (VMDF), transmitido pela mosca branca (Bemisia tabaci). A semeadura foi realizada na época da seca e das águas, com e sem aplicação do inseticida granulado Aldicarb (3,0 kg ha-1 do i.a.) no sulco de semeadura. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados disposto em esquema fatorial 14x2, representado por genótipos e inseticida, respectivamente, com quatro repetições. A maior infestação de mosca-branca e incidência do vírus ocorreu na época da seca, causando prejuízos à produção do feijoeiro. Os genótipos apresentaram diferentes graus de suscetibilidade ao vírus e ao inseto vetor. Os genótipos mais tolerantes foram IAPAR 57, IAPAR 65, IAPAR 72, Ônix, Aporé e 606 (5)(214-17). A aplicação do inseticida sistêmico controla o vetor em ambas as épocas de cultivo, proporcionando aumentos da produtividade.The objective of this work was to evaluate the susceptibility of common bean genotypes in relation to the golden mosaic virus, transmitted by the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). The genotypes were cultivated in dry and water growing seasons, with and without application of the granulated systemic Aldicarb insecticide (3.0 kg ha-1 of a.i.). The experimental design was a randomized blocks in a 14x2 factorial scheme, represented by the genotypes and insecticide application, respectively, with four replications. The highest whitefly infestation and golden mosaic virus incidence occurred on dry growing season, and caused reduction on bean yield. The genotypes presented different degrees of susceptibility to the mosaic virus and to the vector insect. The most tolerant genotypes were IAPAR 57, IAPAR 65, IAPAR 72, Ônix, Aporé and 606 (5)(214-17). Insecticide application controlled the vector insect in both growing seasons, and provided yield increment

Sistema radicular de cultivares de feijão em resposta à calagem

Root growth is genetically controlled and the variability among cultivars and soil factors, such as Al toxicity and low Ca and Mg contents, can damage it. The objective of this study was to evaluate root growth and shoot growth of bean cultivars in response to liming. The experiment was carried out in pots with 13 dm3 of soil, in greenhouse until 43 days after the emergence of the plants. The experimental design was a completely randomized block, in a factorial scheme 4x4, with four doses of line (0, 1.59, 3.18 and 4.48 t ha-1), four bean cultivars (Campeão 1, Carioca, FT-Bonito and Pérola), and four replications. Pérola cultivar presents a root system more tolerant to low base saturation in comparison to the others. The maximum root growth occurred in base saturation values around 43% for Campeão 1, Carioca and Pérola cultivars. Under high acidity conditions, bean cultivars reduce root diameter and increase root length. Liming improves the root system growth and the aerial parts growth of the cultivars.O crescimento radicular apresenta variabilidade genética, e é afetado pelo Al tóxico e baixos teores de Ca e Mg do solo, que podem comprometer o seu desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o sistema radicular de cultivares de feijão em resposta à calagem. O experimento foi realizado em vasos de 13 dm3 de solo, em casa de vegetação, até 43 dias após a emergência das plantas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 4x4, composto por quatro doses de calcário (0, 1,59, 3,18 e 4,48 t ha-1) e quatro cultivares de feijão (Campeão 1, Carioca, FT-Bonito e Pérola), com quatro repetições. O sistema radicular da cultivar Pérola foi mais tolerante à baixa saturação por bases do que o das demais cultivares. O máximo crescimento radicular das cultivares Campeão 1, Carioca e Pérola ocorreu em saturação por bases ao redor de 43%. Em condições de elevada acidez, o diâmetro radicular das cultivares é reduzido e há um incremento em comprimento. A calagem promove aumento do sistema radicular e da parte aérea das cultivares

Pertumbuhan dan Karakter Fisiologis Tiga Jenis Padi yang Mendapatkan Penyiraman Terbatas pada Masa Pertumbuhan Vegetatif.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada em cobertura, sobre o desempenho agronômico do feijoeiro, nos sistemas convencional e plantio direto. O trabalho foi desenvolvido durante dois anos agrícolas, em um Nitossolo Vermelho, utilizando-se a sucessão aveia-preta/milheto/feijão cv. Pérola (outono-inverno, primavera e verão, respectivamente), em condição de sequeiro. Foi empregado o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram representadas por sistemas de manejo de solo de preparo convencional e plantio direto, e as subparcelas por doses de adubação nitrogenada em cobertura (0, 40, 80, 120 e 160 kg ha-1 de N), utilizando-se uréia como fonte de N. A cultura do feijão responde às doses de N em cobertura, com maior produtividade de grãos, no segundo ano da sucessão aveia-preta/milheto/feijão, necessitando, porém, de doses mais elevadas no sistema de plantio direto.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen topdressing in common bean agronomic performance in no tillage and conventional tillage system. The work was developed during two seasons, in different years, in a Rhodic Kandiudox soil, using the succession black oat/pear millet/common bean cv. Perola (fall-winter, spring and summer, respectively), in no irrigated conditions. The experimental design was the randomized blocks in split plot design, with four replications. The parcels were represented by different soil tillage (conventional and no tillage), and the subparcels by doses of nitrogen applied in topdressing (0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha-1 of N); urea was used as source of N. Common bean crop has distinct responses to the doses of nitrogen in topdressing through the years of cultivation, with higher grain yield in the second year of the succession black oat/pearl millet/bean, needing, however, higher doses in no tillage system