Controlled clinical trial addressing teeth whitening with hydrogen peroxide in adolescents: a 12-month follow-up

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the colorimetric change in incisors and canines of adolescents aged 12 to 20 years submitted to at-home whitening and to evaluate satisfaction, sensitivity and discomfort during the procedures through a questionnaire. METHOD: Thirty adolescents were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) 6.0% hydrogen peroxide (White Class with calcium - FGM); 2) 7.5% hydrogen peroxide (White Class with calcium - FGM); 3) 10% hydrogen peroxide (Oral B 3D White - Oral-B); 4) Control group - placebo. Assessments were performed prior to treatment as well as at 7, 30, 180 and 360 days after treatment. Friedman’s ANOVA was used to analyze color. The Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post hoc test was used to compare the groups at the different evaluation times. Answers on the questionnaires were ranked, and non-parametrical tests were employed. The groups were compared in each period using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test. Categorical data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test, and the Wilcoxon test was used for the analysis of different periods. P-values were corrected using the Hyan-Holm step-down Bonferroni procedure. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01998386. RESULTS: Similar results were obtained one month after treatment with both tooth whitening gels and whitening strips. Patients were partially satisfied with the treatment after the first and second weeks and would recommend it. All products demonstrated color stability after 12 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The bleaching procedure was efficient, and the patients could perceive its result. Further investigations are needed to determine the effects of bleaching on young teeth

Effect of low-level laser therapy on pain, quality of life and sleep in patients with fibromyalgia: study protocol for a double-blinded randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been widely used as adjuvant strategy for treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. The light-tissue interaction (photobiostimulation) promotes analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and improves tissue healing, which could justify the recommendation of this therapy for patients with fibromyalgia, leading to an improvement in pain and possibly minimizing social impact related to this disease. The present study proposes to evaluate the effect of LLLT on tender points in patients with fibromyalgia, correlating this outcome with quality of life and sleep. METHODS/DESIGN: One hundred and twenty patients with fibromyalgia will be treated at the Integrated Health Center and the Sleep Laboratory of the Post Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences of the Nove de Julho University located in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. After fulfilling the eligibility criteria, a clinical evaluation and assessments of pain and sleep quality will be carried out and self-administered quality of life questionnaires will be applied. The 120 volunteers will be randomly allocated to an intervention group (LLLT, n = 60) or control group (CLLLT, n = 60). Patients from both groups will be treated three times per week for four weeks, totaling twelve sessions. However, only the LLLT group will receive an energy dose of 6 J per tender point. A standardized 50-minute exercise program will be performed after the laser application. The patients will be evaluated regarding the primary outcome (pain) using the following instruments: visual analog scale, McGill Pain Questionnaire and pressure algometry. The secondary outcome (quality of life and sleep) will be assessed with the following instruments: Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, Berlin Questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and polysomnography. ANOVA test with repeated measurements for the time factor will be performed to test between-groups differences (followed by the Tukey-Kramer post hoc test), and a paired t test will be performed to test within-group differences. The level of significance for the statistical analysis will be set at 5% (P ≤0.05). TRIAL REGISTRATION: The protocol for this study is registered with the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials – ReBEC (RBR-42gkzt

ENDOMETRIOSE E SEU IMPACTO NA INFERTILIDADE FEMININA

This article aims to highlight the relationship between endometriosis and infertility, indicate the factors related to the epidemic, symptoms and diagnosis, focusing on the possible causes of childhood infertility in women affected by this pathology. Data collection was carried out through the Nursing Database (BDENF), the Online Scientific Electronic Library (SCIELO), PubMed and the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS). Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that compromises a woman's health and fertility, increases the risk of depression, limits her daily activities and, ultimately, reduces her quality of life, may be associated with immunological and endocrine disorders, as well as physical activity and tissue abnormalities. There are currently three types of treatment for infertility related to endometriosis: clinical treatment, surgery and methods required for assisted reproduction. Finally, it is well known that endometriosis causes infertility, but the relevant mechanisms require further investigation. The treatment that leads to this is not yet fully understood and there is no standard treatment for pathological patients.Este artigo tem como objetivo destacar a relação entre endometriose e infertilidade, indicar os fatores relacionados à epidemia, os sintomas e o diagnóstico, focando nas possíveis causas da infertilidade infantil em mulheres acometidas por esta patologia. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), da Biblioteca Eletrônica Científica Online (SCIELO), da PubMed e da Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). A endometriose é uma doença inflamatória crónica que compromete a saúde e a fertilidade da mulher, aumenta o risco de depressão, limita as suas atividades diárias e, em última análise, reduz a sua qualidade de vida, pode estar associada a distúrbios imunológicos e endócrinos, bem como atividade física e anormalidades teciduais. Atualmente existem três tipos de tratamento para a infertilidade relacionada à endometriose: tratamento clínico, cirurgia e métodos necessários para reprodução assistida. Finalmente, é bem conhecido que a endometriose causa infertilidade, mas os mecanismos necessitam de mais investigação. O tratamento que leva a isso ainda não é totalmente compreendido e não existe um tratamento padrão para pacientes patológicos

Zika Virus Impairs Neurogenesis and Synaptogenesis Pathways in Human Neural Stem Cells and Neurons

Growing evidences have associated Zika virus (ZIKV) infection with congenital malformations, including microcephaly. Nonetheless, signaling mechanisms that promote the disease outcome are far from being understood, affecting the development of suitable therapeutics. In this study, we applied shotgun mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics combined with cell biology approaches to characterize altered molecular pathways on human neuroprogenitor cells (NPC) and neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells infected by ZIKV-BR strain, obtained from the 2015 Brazilian outbreak. Furthermore, ZIKV-BR infected NPCs showed unique alteration of pathways involved in neurological diseases, cell death, survival and embryonic development compared to ZIKV-AF, showing a human adaptation of the Brazilian viral strain. Besides, infected neurons differentiated from NPC presented an impairment of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis processes. Taken together, these data explain that CNS developmental arrest observed in Congenital Zika Syndrome is beyond neuronal cell death

Eletrocardiograma: um estudo acerca da sua utilização na triagem de atletas para práticas esportivas

Studies have shown that the inclusion of ECG in pre-participation screening for young athletes was effective in diagnosing cardiovascular conditions, such as arrhythmogenic dysplasias and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies. However, there are several limitations to the use of ECG. The objective of this review is to seek updates on the use of the ECG in the screening and evaluation of athletes, in order to elucidate the importance, impacts, benefits and limitations of performing the test in this group of people. With the results of this work, it is intended to contribute to Sports Medicine, as well as to the specialty of Cardiology. In order to investigate aspects of the use of electrocardiogram for the screening of athletes, a systematic review of the literature was carried out using the PubMed electronic database, a reliable source of information. It can be observed, with the analysis of the results of this study, that the ECG is an important test for the detection of cardiac alterations in athletes, in addition to its easy access and considerable cost-benefit. However, the lack of standardization for interpretation, the scarcity of databases in some countries and populations, and the lack of medical education on the interpretation of electrocardiograms are strong factors that limit the use of the test.Estudos mostraram que a inclusão do ECG na triagem de pré-participação para atletas jovens foi efetiva no diagnóstico de condições cardiovasculares, como displasias arritmogênicas e cardiomiopatias hipertróficas. No entanto, existem diversas limitações acerca da utilização do ECG. O objetivo desta revisão é buscar atualizações acerca da utilização do ECG na triagem e avaliação dos atletas, de forma a elucidar a importância, os impactos, os benefícios e as limitações da realização do exame neste grupo de pessoas. Com os resultados deste trabalho, pretende-se contribuir com a Medicina do Esporte, bem como com a especialidade da Cardiologia. Com o objetivo de investigar aspectos acerca da utilização do eletrocardiograma para a triagem dos atletas, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura, utilizando a base de dados eletrônica PubMed, uma fonte de informação confiável. Pode-se observar, com a análise dos resultados deste estudo, que o ECG é um importante exame para a detecção de alterações cardíacas em atletas, além do seu fácil acesso e considerável custo-benefício. No entanto, a falta de padronização para a interpretação, a escassez de base de dados de alguns países e populações e a deficiência do ensino médico acerca da interpretação dos eletrocardiogramas são fortes fatores que limitam a utilização do exame

Educomunicação, Transformação Social e Desenvolvimento Sustentável

Esta publicação apresenta os principais trabalhos dos GTs do II Congresso Internacional de Comunicação e Educação nos temas Transformação social, com os artigos que abordam principalmente Educomunicação e/ou Mídia-Educação, no contexto de políticas de diversidade, inclusão e equidade; e, em Desenvolvimento Sustentável os artigos que abordam os avanços da relação comunicação/educação no contexto da educação ambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost