142 research outputs found
Influence of size, composition and supramolecular organization of Photosystem I on trapping efficiency:Insights from the algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Nannochloropsis gaditana
Croce, R. [Promotor
Exotic traveling waves for a quasilinear Schr\"odinger equation with nonzero background
We study a defocusing quasilinear Schr\"odinger equation with nonzero
conditions at infinity in dimension one. This quasilinear model corresponds to
a weakly nonlocal approximation of the nonlocal Gross--Pitaevskii equation, and
can also be derived by considering the effects of surface tension in
superfluids. When the quasilinear term is neglected, the resulting equation is
the classical Gross-Pitaevskii equation, which possesses a well-known stable
branch of subsonic traveling waves solution, given by dark solitons.
Our goal is to investigate how the quasilinear term affects the
traveling-waves solutions. We provide a complete classification of finite
energy traveling waves of the equation, in terms of the two parameters: the
speed and the strength of the quasilinear term. This classification leads to
the existence of dark and antidark solitons, as well as more exotic localized
solutions like dark cuspons, compactons, and composite waves, even for
supersonic speeds. Depending on the parameters, these types of solutions can
coexist, showing that finite energy solutions are not unique. Furthermore, we
prove that some of these dark solitons can be obtained as minimizers of the
energy, at fixed momentum, and that they are orbitally stable
Optimization of Drinking Water and Sewer Hydraulic Management: Coupling of a Genetic Algorithm and Two Network Hydraulic Tools
AbstractVeolia has developed an optimization platform for the operation of sewer networks (POSTEVENT) and drinking water networks (OPTIMâHYDRO). This platform couples a genetic algorithm NSGA-II with hydraulic network simulation tools (INFOWORKS CS and EPANET). The challenge is to optimize the design and operation of networks according to given objectives and constraints, by changing asset control parameters. This article deals with optimization challenges raised and developed off-line support tools. It ends with a case study on a French drinking water network consisting in upscale set points for pumping stations to optimize the procurement management of water and reduce the energy costs
Conservation of core complex subunits shaped the structure and function of photosystem I in the secondary endosymbiont alga Nannochloropsis gaditana
Photosystem I (PSI) is a pigment protein complex catalyzing the light-driven electron transport from plastocyanin to ferredoxin in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. Several PSI subunits are highly conserved in cyanobacteria, algae and plants, whereas others are distributed differentially in the various organisms. Here we characterized the structural and functional properties of PSI purified from the heterokont alga Nannochloropsis gaditana, showing that it is organized as a supercomplex including a core complex and an outer antenna, as in plants and other eukaryotic algae. Differently from all known organisms, the N. gaditana PSI supercomplex contains five peripheral antenna proteins, identified by proteome analysis as type-R light-harvesting complexes (LHCr4-8). Two antenna subunits are bound in a conserved position, as in PSI in plants, whereas three additional antennae are associated with the core on the other side. This peculiar antenna association correlates with the presence of PsaF/J and the absence of PsaH, G and K in the N. gaditana genome and proteome. Excitation energy transfer in the supercomplex is highly efficient, leading to a very high trapping efficiency as observed in all other PSI eukaryotes, showing that although the supramolecular organization of PSI changed during evolution, fundamental functional properties such as trapping efficiency were maintained
Deliberative Democracy in the EU. Countering Populism with Participation and Debate. CEPS Paperback
Elections are the preferred way to freely transfer power from one
term to the next and from one political party or coalition to another.
They are an essential element of democracy. But if the process of
power transfer is corrupted, democracy risks collapse. Reliance on
voters, civil society organisations and neutral observers to fully
exercise their freedoms as laid down in international human rights
conventions is an integral part of holding democratic elections.
Without free, fair and regular elections, liberal democracy is
inconceivable.
Elections are no guarantee that democracy will take root and
hold, however. If the history of political participation in Europe over
the past 800 years is anything to go by, successful attempts at gaining
voice have been patchy, while leadersâ attempts to silence these
voices and consolidate their own power have been almost constant
(Blockmans, 2020).
Recent developments in certain EU member states have again
shown us that democratically elected leaders will try and use
majoritarian rule to curb freedoms, overstep the constitutional limits
of their powers, protect the interests of their cronies and recycle
themselves through seemingly free and fair elections. In their recent
book How Democracies Die, two Harvard professors of politics write:
âSince the end of the Cold War, most democratic breakdowns have
been caused not by generals and soldiers but by elected governments
themselvesâ (Levitsky and Ziblatt, 2018)
Interactive handwriting recognition with limited user effort
The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10032-013-0204-5[EN] Transcription of handwritten text in (old) documents is an important, time-consuming task for digital libraries. Although post-editing automatic recognition of handwritten text is feasible, it is not clearly better than simply ignoring it and transcribing the document from scratch. A more effective approach is to follow an interactive approach in which both the system is guided by the user, and the user is assisted by the system to complete the transcription task as efficiently as possible. Nevertheless, in some applications,
the user effort available to transcribe documents is limited and fully supervision of the system output is not realistic. To circumvent these problems, we propose a novel interactive approach which efficiently employs user effort to transcribe a document by improving three different aspects. Firstly, the system employs a limited amount of effort to solely supervise recognised words that are likely to be incorrect. Thus, user effort is efficiently focused on the supervision of words for which the system is not confident enough. Secondly, it refines the initial transcription provided to the user by recomputing it constrained to user supervisions. In this way, incorrect words in unsupervised parts can be automatically amended without user supervision. Finally, it improves the underlying system models by retraining the system from partially supervised transcriptions. In order to prove these statements, empirical results are presented on two real databases showing that the proposed approach can notably reduce user effort in the transcription of handwritten text in (old) documents.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement No 287755 (transLectures). Also supported by the Spanish Government (MICINN, MITyC, "Plan E", under Grants MIPRCV "Consolider Ingenio 2010", MITTRAL (TIN2009-14633-C03-01), erudito.com (TSI-020110-2009-439), iTrans2 (TIN2009-14511), and FPU (AP2007-02867), and the Generalitat Valenciana (Grants Prometeo/2009/014 and GV/2010/067).Serrano Martinez Santos, N.; GimĂ©nez Pastor, A.; Civera Saiz, J.; Sanchis Navarro, JA.; Juan CĂscar, A. (2014). Interactive handwriting recognition with limited user effort. International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition. 17(1):47-59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10032-013-0204-5S4759171Agua, M., Serrano, N., Civera, J., Juan, A.: Character-based handwritten text recognition of multilingual documents. In: Proceedings of Advances in Speech and Language Technologies for Iberian Languages (IBERSPEECH 2012), Madrid (Spain), pp. 187â196 (2012)Ahn, L.V., Maurer, B., Mcmillen, C., Abraham, D., Blum, M.: reCAPTCHA: human-based character recognition via web security measures. Science 321, 1465â1468 (2008)Barrachina, S., Bender, O., Casacuberta, F., Civera, J., Cubel, E., Khadivi, S., Lagarda, A.L., Ney, H., TomĂĄs, J., Vidal, E.: Statistical approaches to computer-assisted translation. Comput. Linguist. 35(1), 3â28 (2009)Bertolami, R., Bunke, H.: Hidden markov model-based ensemble methods for offline handwritten text line recognition. Pattern Recognit. 41, 3452â3460 (2008)Bunke, H., Bengio, S., Vinciarelli, A.: Offline recognition of unconstrained handwritten texts using HMMs and statistical language models. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 26(6), 709â720 (2004)Dreuw, P., Jonas, S., Ney, H.: White-space models for offline Arabic handwriting recognition. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on, Pattern Recognition, pp. 1â4 (2008)Efron, B., Tibshirani, R.J.: An introduction to bootstrap. Chapman and Hall/CRC, London (1994)Fischer, A., Wuthrich, M., Liwicki, M., Frinken, V., Bunke, H., Viehhauser, G., Stolz, M.: Automatic transcription of handwritten medieval documents. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia, pp. 137â142 (2009)Frinken, V., Bunke, H.: Evaluating retraining rules for semi-supervised learning in neural network based cursive word recognition. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Barcelona (Spain), pp. 31â35 (2009)Graves, A., Liwicki, M., Fernandez, S., Bertolami, R., Bunke, H., Schmidhuber, J.: A novel connectionist system for unconstrained handwriting recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 31(5), 855â868 (2009)Hakkani-TĂŒr, D., Riccardi, G., Tur, G.: An active approach to spoken language processing. ACM Trans. Speech Lang. Process. 3, 1â31 (2006)Kristjannson, T., Culotta, A., Viola, P., McCallum, A.: Interactive information extraction with constrained conditional random fields. In: Proceedings of the 19th Natural Conference on Artificial Intelligence, San Jose, CA (USA), pp. 412â418 (2004)Laurence Likforman-Sulem, A.Z., Taconet, B.: Text line segmentation of historical documents: a survey. Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recognit. 9, 123â138 (2007)Le Bourgeois, F., Emptoz, H.: Debora: digital access to books of the renaissance. Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recognit. 9, 193â221 (2007)Levenshtein, V.I.: Binary codes capable of correcting deletions, insertions, and reversals. Sov. Phys. Dokl. 10(8), 707â710 (1966)Neal, R.M., Hinton, G.E.: Learning in graphical models. In: A View of the EM Algorithm That Justifies Incremental, Sparse, and Other Variants, Chap. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, pp. 355â368 (1999)PĂ©rez, D., TarazĂłn, L., Serrano, N., Ramos-Terrades, O., Juan, A.: The GERMANA database. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Barcelona (Spain), pp. 301â305 (2009)Plötz, T., Fink, G.A.: Markov models for offline handwriting recognition: a survey. Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recognit. 12(4), 269â298 (2009)Quiniou, S., Cheriet, M., Anquetil, E.: Error handling approach using characterization and correction steps for handwritten document analysis. Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recognit. 15(2), 125â141 (2012)RodrĂguez, L., GarcĂa-Varea, I., Vidal, E.: Multi-modal computer assisted speech transcription. In: International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces and the Workshop on Machine Learning for Multimodal Interaction, ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 30:1â30:7 (2010)Serrano, N., PĂ©rez, D., Sanchis, A., Juan, A.: Adaptation from partially supervised handwritten text transcriptions. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces and the 6th Workshop on Machine Learning for Multimodal Interaction, Cambridge, MA (USA), pp. 289â292 (2009)Serrano, N., Castro, F., Juan, A.: The RODRIGO database. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, Valleta (Malta), pp. 2709â2712 (2010)Serrano, N., GimĂ©nez, A., Sanchis, A., Juan, A.: Active learning strategies for handwritten text transcription. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces and the 7th Workshop on Machine Learning for Multimodal, Interaction, Beijing (China) (2010)Serrano, N., Sanchis, A., Juan, A.: Balancing error and supervision effort in interactive-predictive handwriting recognition. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, Hong Kong (China), pp. 373â376 (2010)Serrano, N., TarazĂłn, L., PĂ©rez, D., Ramos-Terrades, O., Juan, A.: The GIDOC prototype. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Pattern Recognition in Information Systems, Funchal (Portugal), pp. 82â89 (2010)Settles, B.: Active Learning Literature Survey. Computer Sciences Technical Report 1648, University of Wisconsin-Madison (2009)TarazĂłn, L., PĂ©rez, D., Serrano, N., Alabau, V., Ramos-Terrades, O., Sanchis, A., Juan, A.: Confidence measures for error correction in interactive transcription of handwritten text. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Image Analysis, Processing, Vietri sul Mare (Italy) (2009)Toselli, A., Juan, A., Keysers, D., GonzĂĄlez, J., Salvador, I., Ney, H., Vidal, E., Casacuberta, F.: Integrated handwriting recognition and interpretation using finite-state models. Int. J. Pattern Recognit. Artif. Intell. 18(4), 519â539 (2004)Toselli, A., Romero, V., RodrĂguez, L., Vidal, E.: Computer assisted transcription of handwritten text. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Curitiba (Brazil), pp. 944â948 (2007)Valor, J., PĂ©rez, A., Civera, J., Juan, A.: Integrating a state-of-the-art ASR system into the opencast Matterhorn platform. In: Proceedings of the Advances in Speech and Language Technologies for Iberian Languages (IBERSPEECH 2012), Madrid (Spain), pp. 237â246 (2012)Wessel, F., Ney, H.: Unsupervised training of acoustic models for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition. IEEE Trans Speech Audio Process 13(1), 23â31 (2005
Deep Lenses of Circumpolar Water in the Argentine Basin
Three deep anticyclonic eddies of a species only reported once before [ Gordon and Greengrove, 1986 ] were intersected by hydrographic lines of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) and South Atlantic Ventilation Experiment (SAVE) programs in the Argentine Basin. The vortices are centered near 3500 m depth at the interface between North Atlantic Deep Water and Bottom Water. They have âŒ1500-m-thick cores containing Lower Circumpolar Deep Water and a dynamic influence that may span up to two thirds of the water column. As one eddy was observed just downstream of the western termination of the Falkland Escarpment, a destabilization of the deep boundary current by the sudden slope relaxation is suggested as a potential cause of eddy formation. Besides isopycnal interleaving at the eddy perimeters, strongly eroded core properties in the upper parts of the lenses, associated with low density ratios, hint at double diffusion at the top of the structures as another major decay mechanism. The presence of an eddy in the northern Argentine Basin shows the possibility for a northward drift of the vortices, in this basin at least. Deep events in recent current measurements from the Vema Channel are presented that raise the question of further equatorward motion to the Brazil Basin
Neonatal piglet survival: impact of sow nutrition around parturition on fetal glycogen deposition and production and composition of colostrum and transient milk
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