Les « practiques » du secret au temps de Henri III

Souvent présenté à la Renaissance comme une nécessité pour le gouvernement du Prince, le secret n’est pas seulement quelque chose que l’on cache à autrui, mais un artifice, un instrument visible du pouvoir, sur lequel le roi et son entourage s’appuient pour provoquer le doute, pour faire réagir autrui. Faire croire à l’existence du secret peut être aussi un instrument, un artifice, une feinte destinée à déstabiliser les interlocuteurs ou les adversaires. Cet article aborde quelques aspects de cette culture de la dissimulation au temps des troubles de la Ligue, tout comme certaines « practiques », techniques et stratégies destinées à conserver ou découvrir le secret. Ce dernier est un art de la maîtrise de soi, de sa langue, domptage du corps, contrôle de ses passions ; un jeu de la culture des apparences…Although frequently presented as a necessity of government for the Prince during the Renaissance, the secret was not only something to be concealed from other people, but also a conspicuous instrument of power, on which the king and the royal circle relied to prompt doubt, and make people react. Getting people to believe in a secret may be an instrument, a trick, a dummy move meant to destabilize negotiators or opponents. This article is an attempt to treat some aspects of that culture of concealment during the League’s troubled times, as well as certain “practices”, techniques and strategies to keep or discover secrets. Secrecy is an art in the control of oneself, one’s language, in the taming of one’s body and passions, a cultural game of appearances

High performance underwater UHF radio antenna development

International audienceThis study presents the development of a UHF radioantenna for underwater transmissions in order to rapidly transmit large size files and real-time video

The languages of peace during the French religious wars

The desirability of peace was a common topos in sixteenth-century political rhetoric, and the duty of the king to uphold the peace for the benefit of his subjects was also a long-established tradition. However, the peculiar circumstances of the French religious wars, and the preferred royal policy of pacification, galvanized impassioned debate among both those who supported and those who opposed confessional coexistence. This article looks at the diverse ways in which peace was viewed during the religious wars through an exploration of language and context. It draws not only on the pronouncements of the crown and its officials, and of poets and jurists, but also on those of local communities and confessional groups. Opinion was not just divided along religious lines; political imperatives, philosophical positions and local conditions all came into play in the arguments deployed. The variegated languages of peace provide a social and cultural dimension for the contested nature of sixteenth-century French politics. However, they could not restore harmony to a war-torn and divided kingdom

Enhancement of Heat Transfer by Ultrasound: Review and Recent Advances

This paper summarizes some applications of ultrasonic vibrations regarding heat transfer enhancement techniques. Research literature is reviewed, with special attention to examples for which ultrasonic technology was used alongside a conventional heat transfer process in order to enhance it. In several industrial applications, the use of ultrasound is often a way to increase productivity in the process itself, but also to take advantage of various subsequent phenomena. The relevant example brought forward here concerns heat exchangers, where it was found that ultrasound not only increases heat transfer rates, but might also be a solution to fouling reduction

Exophiala dermatitidis Revealing Cystic Fibrosis in Adult Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Disease

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic inherited disease due to mutations in the gene cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Because of the huge diversity of CFTR mutations, the CF phenotypes are highly heterogeneous, varying from typical to mild form of CF, also called atypical CF. These atypical features are more frequently diagnosed at adolescence or adulthood, and among clinical signs and symptoms leading to suspect a mild form of CF, colonization or infection of the respiratory tract due to well-known CF pathogens should be a warning signal. Exophiala dermatitidis is a melanized dimorphic fungus commonly detected in respiratory specimens from CF patients, but only very rarely from respiratory specimens from non-CF patients. We described here two cases of chronic colonization of the airways by E. dermatitidis, with recurrent pneumonia and hemoptysis in one patient, which led clinicians to diagnose mild forms of CF in these elderly patients who were 68- and 87-year-old. These cases of late CF diagnosis suggest that airway colonization or respiratory infections due to E. dermatitidis in patients with bronchiectasis should led to search for a mild form of CF, regardless of the age and associated symptoms. On a broader level, in patients with chronic respiratory disease and recurrent pulmonary infections, an allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis or an airway colonization by CF-related fungi like E. dermatitidis or some Aspergillus, Scedosporium or Rasamsonia species, should be considered as potential markers of atypical CF and should led clinicians to conduct investigations for CF diagnosis

Universality of the Gunn effect: self-sustained oscillations mediated by solitary waves

The Gunn effect consists of time-periodic oscillations of the current flowing through an external purely resistive circuit mediated by solitary wave dynamics of the electric field on an attached appropriate semiconductor. By means of a new asymptotic analysis, it is argued that Gunn-like behavior occurs in specific classes of model equations. As an illustration, an example related to the constrained Cahn-Allen equation is analyzed.Comment: 4 pages,3 Post-Script figure

Geochemical identity of pre-Dogon and Dogon populations at Bandiagara (Mali, 11th–20th cent. AD)

Bone geochemistry of pre-Dogon (11th–16th cent. AD) and Dogon (17th–20th cent. AD) populations buried in two caves of the Bandiagara Cliff (Mali) was examined for the purpose of exploring their diet and mobility. While the Dogon were the subject of extensive ethnographic studies, the lifestyle of the pre-Dogon, so-called “Tellem” is not known. We therefore compared the geochemical composition of Dogon bones with the results obtained from modern dietary surveys in Mali, to establish the parameters of a dietary model that was further applied to the pre-Dogon in order to expand our knowledge concerning their way of life. The exceptional preservation of the bones of both populations was confirmed not only at the macroscopic scale, but also at the mineralogical, histological and geochemical levels, which resemble those of fresh bones, and therefore offered ideal conditions for testing this approach. 15The application of the Bayesian mixing model FRUITS, based on bone δ13C (apatite and collagen) and bone δ N values, suggested a dietary continuity through time, from the 11th century to today. Bone barium (Ba) content revealed very restricted mobility within the Cliff while bone δ18O values indicated that Pre-Dogon and Dogon most likely occupied the Bandiagara Plateau and the Cliff, respectively

Ontogenic effects of early feeding of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae with a range of dietary n-3 HUFA levels on the functioning of PUFA desaturation pathways

Four replicated groups of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae were fed diets containing an extra-high level of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) (XH; 3·7% EPA + DHA), a high level of HUFA (HH; 1·7 %), a low level of HUFA (LH; 0·7%) or an extra-low level of HUFA (XLH; 0·5%) from day 6 to day 45 (experiment 1; XH1, HH1, LH1, XLH1). After a subsequent 1-month period feeding a commercial diet (2·7% EPA + DHA), the capacity of the four initial groups to adapt to an n-3 HUFA-restricted diet (0·3% EPA + DHA; R-groups: XH2R, HH2R, LH2R, XLH2R) was tested for 35 d. Larval dietary treatments had no effect on larval and juvenile survival rates. The wet weight of day 45 larvae was higher in XH1 and HH1 (P < 0·001), but the R-juvenile mass gains were similar in all treatments. D-6-desaturase (D6D) mRNA level was higher in LH1 and XLH1 at day 45 (